炸雞炸雞塊古代有嗎?

A half-cooked chicken marinaded in a pickle of broth, mixed with oil, to which is added a bunch of dill, leeks, satury and green coriander. Finish it in this broth. When done, take the chicken out dress it nicely on a dish, pour over the sauce, colored with reduced must, sprinkle with pepper and serve.

粗略翻譯一下:將一隻半熟的雞浸泡在肉湯的滷汁中,混入油,加入各類蒔蔓籽,韭蔥,satury(這個不知道是什麼調味料)和芫荽。將雞在肉湯中烹製完成。燒好後,將雞取出並裝盤,澆上醬汁,以濃縮葡萄汁增色,並撒上胡椒端出。

畢竟是古文獻,也不好要求過於仔細,但是這個“烹製”說的有些不清楚,不知道具體是煮還是炸。

不過在這本古羅馬食譜De Re Coquinaria of Apicius 中倒是列了一些有提到是油炸/煎來烹製雞肉的燒法,不過都沒註明油量,所以也不知道是像現代炸雞那樣整塊浸入還是像在平底鍋裡煎一樣。

古羅馬雞塊(Aliter pullus,直接翻譯過來就叫另一種雞肉燒法- -):

A little honey is mixed with broth; the cooked [parboiled] chicken is cleaned (skin taken off, sinews, etc., removed), the carcass dried with a towel, quartered, the pieces immersed in broth so that the savour penetrates thoroughly. Fry the pieces in the pan. Pour over their own gravy, sprinkle with pepper, serve.

在肉湯中加入一點蜂蜜;將燒好/半熟的雞去皮和筋,剩下的雞肉用毛巾擰乾,切成小塊,浸入肉湯中以確保味道浸透雞肉(同時為了防止雞肉過老)。將雞塊在鍋中油炸/煎。最後將燒出來的肉汁淋於雞塊上,撒上胡椒並端出。

帕提亞燒雞(Pullum Parthicum):

Dress the chicken carefully and quarter it. Crush pepper, lovage and a little carraway moistened with broth, and add wine to taste. After frying place the chicken in an earthen dish, pour the seasoning over it, add laser and wine. Let it assimilate with the seasoning and braise the chicken to a point. When done sprinkle with pepper and serve.

將雞肉小心裝點並切成數塊。碾碎胡椒、拉維紀草和一點在肉汁中浸過的葛縷籽,再加上一點酒來調味。油炸後,將雞肉放在一個陶土焙盤中,將香料撒於其上,再倒上iaser(?)與酒。讓雞肉充分吸收香料的味道,並蒸至一定火候。完成後,撒上胡椒並端出。

別人的還原圖(來源, 不過這個人是烤的):

炸雞炸雞塊古代有嗎?

Parthian Chicken & Chickpeas accompanied with Date Paste© Carole Raddato

努米底亞燒雞(Pullum Numidicum):

Prepare the chicken as usual; parboil it; clean it seasoned with laser and pepper, and fry in the pan; next crush pepper, cumin, coriander seed, laser root, rue, fig dates and nuts, moistened with vinegar, honey, broth and oil to taste. When boiling thicken with roux, strain, pour over the chicken, sprinkle with pepper and serve.

如往常一般準備並處理雞;煮至半熟;去皮後,以laser和胡椒調味,在鍋中油炸;然後碾碎胡椒、小茴香、胡荽籽、laser(不知道是什麼,)根、芸香、無花果籽和堅果,用醋,蜂蜜肉湯和油浸溼並調味。在煮稠乳酪麵糊後,過濾並倒在雞肉上,撒上胡椒並端出。

還原(來源):

炸雞炸雞塊古代有嗎?

Pullum Numidicum (Numidian Chicken) accompanied with Conchicla Cum faba (Beans with Cumin)

這最後一種應該算是真正的羅馬炸雞了(Pullus leucozomus,炸雞配白醬):

Take a chicken and prepare it as above. Empty it through the aperture of the neck so that none of the entrails remain. Take a little water and plenty of Spanish oil, stir, cook together until all moisture is evaporated. When this is done take the chicken out, so that the greatest possible amount of oil remains behind. Sprinkle with pepper and serve.

將雞肉按照如上方法準備。從頸部的孔中清空腔內,不要留下內臟。用一點點水以及充足的西班牙油,將兩者攪和,(將雞肉放入並)烹煮至所有水分都蒸發。完成後就取出雞肉,以避免在雞肉上留有過多油量。撒上胡椒並端出。

不過這個也不是很詳細,關於要不要在雞肉外裹層面粉都沒詳說。而且也沒提及炸雞是否要足夠酥脆。

無論如何,現代炸雞更應該追溯到十九世紀中期美國南部。而炸雞塊,像日本的唐揚和麥當勞的nuggets就完全是兩碼事了。麥當勞那種混合碎料炸出來的雞塊得到上個世紀50年代康奈爾大學教授Robert C. Baker才發明出來了。

炸雞炸雞塊古代有嗎?


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