英語的語序一般是主語在前，謂語在後。如果把謂語動詞的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這種語序就叫做倒裝
- 倒裝的作用為了強調、突出等詞語
- 英語中的九大成分，倒裝只與主謂有關
全部倒裝：把句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前（謂語動詞要和後面的主語保持一致）
1.下列副詞位於句首需要倒裝
方位副詞：up,down,in,away,off,out等
時間副詞：now,then等
地點副詞：here,there等以及表示地點的介詞短語
Besides the lake stand a couple of trees and under them runs a path. → A couple of trees stand beside the lake and a path runs under them.
湖邊有幾棵樹，樹下有一條小路。（方位副詞）
Out of the room stands a big monster. → A big monster stands out of the room.
房子外邊有一個怪獸（方位副詞）
At the front of the book is a table of content. → A table of content is at the front of book.
書的前部有目錄（方位副詞）
Now speaks the headamaster. → The headmaster speaks now.
現在說話的是班長（時間副詞）
Then came the chairman. → The chairman came then.
然後主席來了（時間副詞）
Here comes the bus. → The bus comes here.
公交車來了（地點副詞）
Sitting at the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone.→ a pretty girl waiting for someone was Sitting at the next table.
隔壁桌坐著一個漂亮女人正在等著誰（地點介詞短語）
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. →A young man with a magazine in his hand sat by the window.
窗戶邊坐著一個年輕人，手裡拿著一本雜誌（地點介詞短語）
Among these people was his friend Jim. → His friend jim was among these people.
他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當中（地點介詞短語）
2. 表語位於句首，需要全部倒裝（為了強調或者為了使句子平衡或者為了使上下文連接得更加緊密）
Such are the facts. → the facts are such.
事實就是這些
Gone are the days when woman were looked down upon.→The days when woman were looked down upon are gone.
女性被看不起的時代已經過去了
3. 當主語是代詞時，不能倒裝
Here it is（不倒裝）——here is the book（倒裝）
Here you are（不倒裝）——here are the students.（倒裝）
部分倒裝：把句子中的部分動詞置於主語之前（be動詞、情態動詞、助動詞），如果句中沒有be動詞、情態動詞或者助動詞，應當補充（do，does，did）置於主語之前。
1. 含有否定意義的副詞或是否定意義的介詞短語
含有否定意義的副詞：few.little.never.nor.not until.nowhere.rarely.seldom等
否定意義的介詞短語：at no time,by no means,in no case, in no way等
I never felt so happy in my life → never did i feel so happy in my life
我一生中從沒有這麼開心過
I seldom get invited into his office alone.→Seldom do i get invited into his office alone.
我很少被單獨叫進辦公室
Smoking is permitted at no time in the meeting room.→At no time is smoking permitted in the meeting room.
任何時候在辦公室抽菸都是不允許的
2. only位於句首後跟狀語時需要倒裝
You can expect to get a pay rise only with hard work.
Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.
只有努力工作後你才能期待工資上漲
He came to the meeting only after being asked three times.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting .
通知了三次，他才來參加會議
You will keep good relationships with others only when you can find peace in your heart.
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
當你找到你內心的平靜的時候，你就能和周圍的人保持良好的關係
3. 幾個常見的重要的句型
（1）no sooner ...than / hardly... when/scarely..when 剛一....就
倒裝時把scarely/hardly/no sooner置於句首。Than/when前面的句子部分倒裝用過去完成時，than/when 後面的句子用過去式且不倒裝
She had scarely opened the door when her son rushed up to her.
Scarely had she opened the door when her son rushed up to her.
她一打開門她兒子就衝了出來
I had hardly got home when the bell rang.
Hardly had i got home when the bell rang.
我一到家鈴聲就響了
(2) Not until 句型，直到....
倒裝時not until 置於句首。主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
I realized i hadn’t work hard not untill i saw the score
Not until i saw the score did i realize i hadn’t work hard.
知道看到成績我才意識到我不夠努力。
He finished his homework not until the teacher came.
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
直到老師來了他才完成作業。
（2）so.neither/nor 表示重複的內容，我也一樣
If you won’t go.neither/noe will i.
你不去，我也不去
Tom can speak english.so can jack.
湯姆會將法語，傑克也會
Amy can’t answer the question. Nor/neither can i.
艾米不會回答那個問題，我也不會
Neither do i know her name.nor does he.
我不知道她的名字。他也不知道
（3）so..that/such ..that 如此..以至於
So 位於句首時部分倒裝，前一個分句倒裝，後一個分句不倒裝
The issue is so serious that people should pay more attention to it.
So serious is the issue that people should pay more attention to it .
山姆不僅通過了考試，而且所有的課程都取得了好成績
(3) not only..but also 不僅..而且
Not only 位於句首時部分倒裝，前一個分句倒裝，後一個分句不倒裝
Sam not only passed the exam but got good marks for all the courses he had taken.
Not only did sam pass the exam but got good marks for all the courses he had taken.
山姆不僅通過了考試，而且所有的課程都取得了好成績
4. 虛擬語氣的倒裝（具體可以參考之前發佈的虛擬語氣那篇文章）
If I were you.I would do it at once. → Were I you，I would do it at once.
假若我是你，我就會馬上做 (與現在事實相反)
If it had not been for a bad weather. we would have arrived on time.→ Had it not been for the bad weather. we would have arrived on time. （與過去事實相反）
若不是天氣壞，我們就準時到達了。
If the earth were to stop running.what would happen? →Were to the earth stop running.what would happen?
如果有天地球停止轉動了，將會怎樣？（與未來事實相反）
5. 讓步狀語從句（as/though儘管）的倒裝
將句子中表語、部分謂語動詞或副詞提前，構成倒裝句
As he is crazy about online games .ha manages to keep himself from being addited to it.
Crazy as he is about online games .ha manages to keep himself from being addited to it.
儘管他對網絡遊戲很著迷，但他還是設法不讓自己沉迷其中(表語)
As he works hard.he make a little progress.
Hard as he works ,he make a little progress.
儘管他工作很努力，但還是收效甚微（副詞）
Though you may object，i’ll go.
Object though you may，i’ll go.
儘管你可能反對，我也會（謂語動詞）
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