我被學生最常問到的問題之一，就是怎樣區分定語從句，賓語從句和狀語從句。今天我們對前面幾節課的內容做一些提煉，探討下怎樣一眼就能辨別三大從句。
01 概念
3大從句的區別均在於前面兩個字：定語、賓語和狀語：
知道了這幾個概念，這三種從句就很好理解了：
定語從句：作定語/ adj.修飾先行詞；
在這裡，dog “狗子” 是先行詞，即“走在定語從句前面的名詞”；定語從句 that shits a lot 其中的 that，指代了前面的 dog，告訴我們這是一條怎樣的狗子：拉很多的狗子。
賓語從句：作賓語，放在動詞或介詞後面；
第一句，賓語從句為普通的陳述句，放在 think 這個動作後面，由連接詞 that 引導。
第二句，賓語從句已經改成陳述句語序，原來人講的話則是一般疑問句 Do you let it go “你丫放不放手” ？該從句放在 depend on 的介詞 on 後面，一般疑問句由 whether/ if 引導。
狀語從句：作狀語，給主句增加信息量。
狀語從句，是3大從句中比較好記的一種：有個完整的主句，從句是提供更多信息的，比如上述例句告訴我們他為什麼養狗。只要熟悉 （← 戳可查看），幾乎一眼就能辨別出狀語從句。
02 當堂練習
現在，我們一起看幾個句子找找感覺。請判斷下列句子是定語從句，賓語從句還是狀語從句？
>> 青銅
1. If it is fine tomorrow, I will visit you.
2. I helped an old man who lost his way.
3. I don’t know what I should do next.
>> 白銀
4. Mom hates our neighbor whose dog shits at our door.
5. Mom hates our neighbor because his dog shits at our door.
6. Mom asks our neighbor why his dog is so annoying.
>> 黃金
7. Stephen Hillenburg, who created ‘SpongeBob’, died at the age of 57.
8. Stan Lee explained that he used a false name because he wanted to write a serious and great piece of literature someday. He did not want his link with comic books to be known when that happened.
9. A Chinese scientist claims he successfully created the world's first genetically-edited babies.
解析：確切而言，who created 'SpongeBob' 是非限制性定語從句，起補充說明的作用，去掉也不影響主句的完整性；非限制性的特徵之一是從句前有逗號，具體參考前幾期文章（← 戳可查看）。
解析：這句話摘自VOA慢速英語，沉住氣還是可以辨清其中各類從句的：Stan Lee explained 後面的剩餘部分，就是“解釋”這個動作的賓語從句；這個從句中，又包含 because 引導的原因狀語從句，告訴我們斯坦李用假名的原因。
第二句末，還有個短短的、由 when 引導的時間狀語從句。
解析：找到動詞 claim “聲稱”，就很容易就定位到後面的賓語從句，只是省略了 that。從句一個完整的句子，有主語 he，謂語 created，賓語 the world's first genetically-edited babies。
>> 王者
10. There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
11. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
12. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words，all we can do is articulate our reactions to it.
解析：pollution monitor “汙染檢測儀”在這裡作先行詞，放在 that 引導的定語從句前面，告訴我們這種檢測儀是幹什麼用的；定語從句中，還包含 when 引導的時間狀語從句。
解析：動賓動賓。在動詞 explain “解釋”後面，緊跟兩個 why 引導的賓語從句。這句來自考研真題，不過相對簡單。
解析：reason 的定語從句可以由 why 或 for which 引導；該定語從句中又有 when 引導的時間狀語從句；
逗號後面的分句主語 all we can do 又出現一個定語從句，只是省略了關係代 詞 that。
03 課後鞏固
1) Is this park ________ we visited last week?
A. which B. where C. the one
2) Do you remember the park ________ we visited last week?
A. where B. that C. the one
3) This is the park ________ I lost my phone last week.
A. where B. that C. the one
4) His illness will not develop to the point ________ no medicine can cure her.
A. where B. that C. as
5) A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. that C. what
6) No one knows ________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
7) I don’t know ________ or not.
A. whether he is at home
B. if he is at home
C. that he is at home
8) If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people ________ you figure it out.
A. because B. until C. when
9) ________ the average age of the population increases, there are more old people to care for.
A. As B. While C. As soon as
10) ________ you may have, you should face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem
B. However serious a problem
C. What a serious problem
獲取答案方式
後臺回覆：三大
「蟲蟲講英語」老少咸宜的英語學習號。有時候，語法換一種方式講，就聽懂了。
04 總結
定語從句：作定語/ adj. 修飾先行詞；
賓語從句：作賓語，放在動詞或介詞後；
狀語從句：作狀語，給主句增加信息量。
如果可以，抽15分鐘時間，把前面幾節課再看一遍：
定語從句、賓語從句和狀語從句，都有自己的關係詞或連接詞：
對比之下，我們發現這點上比較容易混淆的是定語從句和賓語從句：賓語從句不僅有可以引導一般疑問句的 whether, if，還有引導特殊疑問句的 what 和 how。而定語從句是沒有 what 和 how 等引導詞的。
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