初高中簡明英語語法 — 倒裝句
一. 概述：
倒裝的意思就是把謂語動詞放在主語前。
倒裝主要有兩種：
1. 部分倒裝，就是將謂語動詞裡的助動詞（have, has, had或is, am, are,was,were等）放在主語前，或在主語前加助動詞(do, does,或did)，謂語動詞還在主語後，如：
Are you tired? 你累不累？
Has your mother talked to your maths teacher?
你媽媽和數學老師談過嗎？
Not till I got home did I realise my wallet was missing.
我回到家才發現錢包不見了。
2. 完全倒裝，就是將謂語動詞放在主語前，不用其他助動詞。一般用在地點狀語在句首的句子。
On the stairs was sitting a small dark-haired girl.
樓梯上坐著一個淺黑色頭髮的小姑娘。
Here comes the bus! 公交車來了！
On the top of the hill stands an old oak tree.
山頭上矗立著一顆老橡樹。
二. 使用倒裝結構的主要句型：
1. 疑問句：
Have you seen professor Li recently?
最近見到過李教授沒？
Are you from the USA?
你是美國人嗎？
Can you help me with my English?
你能幫我學英語嗎？
2.否定意思的狀語在句首：
Seldom do we see such an amazing display of dance.
我們很少能欣賞到如此美妙的舞蹈表演。
Little did he know!
他知道的很少！
Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.
你難得聽到如此美妙的音樂。
Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.
我剛上床電話響了。
Scarcely had I got off the bus when it crashed into the back of a car.
我前腳剛下車，公交車就撞上了一輛小轎車。
No sooner had we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell.
我們剛進家門警察就登門造訪了。
Never had she seen such a beautiful sight before.
她以前從沒見過如此的美景。
Not only does he love chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.
他不但喜歡吃巧克力和糖果還抽菸。
Nowhere have I ever had such bad service.
我從沒遇到過這麼糟糕的服務。
In no way do I agree with what you're saying.
我絕不會同意你說的話。
On no account should you do anything without asking me first.
你絕不能未經我的同意就擅自行動。
3. 帶only的狀語在句首：
Only then did I understand why the tragedy had happened.
只有到那時我才明白為什麼發生了這樣的悲劇。
Only in this way could John earn enough money to survive.
約翰只有這樣才能賺夠生活需要的錢。
4. 在neither（也不）, nor（也不）, so（也）和as（正如，一樣）後：
- I enjoy staying at home reading on weekends. - So do I.
— 週末我喜歡待在家裡看看書。 — 我也是。
- I don't like wine. - Nor do I.
— 我不喜歡葡萄酒。 — 我也不喜歡。
He didn't pass the exam. neither did I.
他考試沒及格。我也沒。
5. if 條件句中，表示虛擬語氣，經常省略if，改為倒裝句：
If I had been there, this problem wouldn't have happened.
Had I been there, this problem wouldn't have happened.
如果我在那，這問題就不會發生。
If I were you, I would let her try.
Were I you, I would let her try.
我要是你的話，就讓她試試。
If it should rain, we would have to put off the football match.
Should it rain, we would have to put off the football match.
天要是下雨的話，我們將不得不推遲足球賽。
6. so ... that... 句型，so在句首：
The food was so delicious that we ate every last bite.
So delicious was the food that we ate every last bite.
食物太美味了，我們全吃了個精光。
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