英語句子結構剖析(60)

1、Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the government has regulatory power over nuclear issues.

結構解析

本句為複合句,在句子主幹為the company is ... claiming that...and that...,其中and連接了兩個由that引導的賓語從句,為並列關係。在第一個賓語從句中,其主幹為the 2002 agreement is invalid,because of the 2006 legislation為原因狀語;第二個賓語從句的主幹為 only the government has regulatory power,句末over nuclear issues做regulatory power的後置定語。

參考譯文

如今,該公司突然宣佈:根據2006年的法案,2002年的協議是無效的,並且聲稱只有聯邦政府才對核問題具有監管權。

詞彙指南

invalid [ɪnˈvælɪd , ˈɪnvəlɪd]adj. 無效的,(法律上或官方)不承認的

legislation[ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn]n. 法律,法規

regulatory [ˈreɡjələtəri]adj. (對工商業)具有監管權的,監管的

2、But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

結構解析

本句為複合句,句子的主幹是it is going riskily close to the implication,其中包含一個固定短語close to,表示“接近於,近乎於”。句首if引導條件狀語從句,同時該從句中又嵌套了一個who引導的定語從句修飾students;句末that引導了一個人同位語從句,對implication進行補充說明。

參考譯文

但如果該學區真的要讓那些因為家庭複雜而沒有完成家庭作業的學生通過的話,那麼這就近乎冒險地暗示了對於貧困的孩子要降低標準。

詞彙指南

district [ˈdɪstrɪkt]n. 地區,區域,行政區

essentially [ɪˈsenʃəli]adv. 本質上,根本上,基本上

complicated [ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd]adj. 複雜的,難懂的

implication [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn]n. 暗示,暗含;(被)牽連,牽涉

3、As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

結構解析

本句為複合句,句子的主幹是controversies have erupted。句首為as引導的時間狀語從句As this new science of habit has emerged,在此處as意為“隨著”;when引導時間狀語從句when the tactics...foods,該從句使用了被動語態,其中不定式短語to sell ... foods在從句中作目的狀語。

參考譯文

隨著這一新的習慣科學的誕生,當這種策略被用於銷售有問題的美容面霜或者不健康食物時,各種爭議就爆發了。

詞彙指南

emerge [iˈmɜːdʒ] v. 出現,浮現

controversy [ˈkɒntrəvɜːsi]n. 爭論,辯論,論戰

erupt [ɪˈrʌpt]v. 爆發,噴出,突然發出

tactics [ˈtæktɪks]n. 策略,手段,招數

questionable [ˈkwestʃənəbl]adj. 可疑的,有問題的,未必準確(或正確)的

cream [kriːm]n. 護膚霜,潔淨劑,清洗液

4、Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.

結構解析

本句的句子主幹為the company has done…what…。其中what引導的賓語從句what it ... would not作done的賓語,該賓語從句的主語為it,謂語為had promised, it would not為had promised的賓語,其中省略了謂語動詞do,原形為what it had long promised it would not(do)。冒號之後的challenge the…federal court為前面what引導的賓語從句的同位語,對其進行解釋說明。句末as引導的方式狀語修飾句子主幹,不定式to keep ... plant running為a desperate effort的後置定語。

參考譯文

相反,這家公司的所作所為恰恰是它長期以來承諾不會做的事情——在聯邦法院質疑佛蒙特州的各項規定是否符合憲法,這是它為了繼續運營佛蒙特揚基核電站而做的拼死努力的一部分。

詞彙指南

constitutionality [ˌkɒnstɪˌtjuːʃəˈnæləti] n. 符合憲法

desperate [ˈdespərət]adj. 拼命的,孤注一擲的,鋌而走險的;絕望的

5、In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.

結構解析

本句的主幹為the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said…。句首的In a move…為整個句子的地點狀語,狀語中又包含一個由that引導的定語從句修飾move。it would use... patents為省略了引導詞的賓語從句,作said 的賓語,該從句的主幹是it would use a…case…,後面的不定式短語to conduct...patents作賓語從句的目的狀語。

參考譯文

在一個令知識產權律師們議論紛紛的議案中, 美國聯邦巡迴上訴法院聲稱將利用一個特別的案例對商業方法專利展開廣泛的審查工作。

詞彙指南

move [muːv]n. 議案

abuzz [əˈbʌz]adj. 議論紛紛的;喧鬧的

intellectual-property 知識產權

conduct[kənˈdʌkt , ˈkɒndʌkt]v. 進行,組織,實施

circuit [ˈsɜːkɪt]n. 巡迴,巡遊;電路,線路

6、In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.

結構解析

本句的句子主幹為the image is the stereotypical cartoon scene。That引導定語從句that best ... crisis修飾先行詞the image;of a man...to talk是一個非常長的介詞短語作cartoon scene的後置定語,在該介詞短語中,a man sitting at the breakfast table...為動名詞複合結構,其中又包含with獨立主格結構with a newspaper held up in front of his face作伴隨狀語修飾sitting;while引導時間狀語從句,句末現在分詞短語wanting to talk作伴隨狀語修飾glares。

參考譯文

簡而言之,最能體現當前危機的是一幅老套的漫畫中情景:一個男人坐在早餐桌旁,手裡捧著一張報紙,而他的妻子則生氣的盯著報紙背面,渴望交談之情溢於言表。

詞彙指南

stereotypical[ˌsteriəˈtɪpɪkl] adj. 老一套的,刻板化的,模式化的

hold up 舉起;阻擋

7、Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of their work for them.

結構解析

本句為多重複合句,句子的主幹是 Marketers have embraced the two-step flow。其後because 引導原因狀語從句,在該從句中又嵌套著that引導的從句,作suggest的賓語,其主幹為 those select people will do most of their work,those select指代 the influentials,其中if引導條件狀語從句。

參考譯文

營銷人員非常歡迎這種兩步傳播理論,因為這意味著,他們只要找到並影響這些有影響力的人物,這些精心挑選出來的人物就會幫助他們完成剩下的大部分工作。

詞彙指南

embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs]v. 欣然接受,贊同;擁抱;包含

select[sɪˈlekt]adj. 精選的,作為…精華的

8、Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.

結構解析

本句為複合句,句子主幹是 there were political leaders。句首 Besides 引導的介詞短語作狀語,其中 who 引導的定語從句修飾先行詞 ministers;like John Winthrop是對 political leaders的舉例,其後較長的名詞結構 an educated gentleman...the Crown作John Winthrop的同位語,補充說明人物的身份,句末before he journeyed to Boston為before引導的時間狀語從句。

參考譯文

除了在 1692 年之後的十年間來到馬塞諸塞教堂的90名左右學識淵博的牧師之外,還有像約翰•溫斯洛普這樣的政治領袖。在來波士頓之前,他是一位受過高等教育的紳士、律師,同時還是皇室的官員。

詞彙指南

learned [lɜːnd , ˈlɜːnɪd] adj. 有學問的,知識淵博的,博學的

decade[ˈdekeɪd] n. 十年,十年期

9、More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.

結構解析

本句為複合句,句子的主幹是the researchers discovered that...。其中 that 引導的從句作discovered的賓語。賓語從句中 despite 引出的介詞短語作讓步狀語。句首為while引導的時間狀語從句,其中“while + 分詞短語”結構為省略結構,省略了主語和be動詞,完整的句子應該是while the researchers were examining housing construction。

參考譯文

最近,研究者在調查房屋建築業時發現,儘管建築行業的工作非常複雜,但是德克薩斯州休斯頓市的那些不識字、不會說英語的墨西哥工人卻總能達到勞動生產率的最高標準。

詞彙指南

illiterate[ɪ'lɪt(ə)rət]adj. 文盲的,不識字的,未受教育的

consistently[kən'sɪstəntli] adv. 始終如一地,一致地

10、Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

結構解析

本句為複合句,句子的主幹是the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline,為典型的主系表結構。句首為介詞短語作狀語,其中that引導的定語從句that have taken place ...quarter - century修飾先行詞changes。句末in the scope... arts coverage作定語修飾decline。

參考譯文

在過去的25年間,發生在英文報紙上的所有變化中,影響最為深遠的變化也許就是其藝術報道的範疇和嚴肅性呈現出不可避免的衰退趨勢。

詞彙指南

far-reaching['fɑ:'ri:tʃiŋ] adj. 深遠的,廣泛的

inexorable[ɪnˈeksərəbl] adj. 不可阻擋的,無法改變的

seriousness [ˈsɪəriəsnəs]n. 嚴肅,認真,嚴重

coverage['kʌv(ə)rɪdʒ]n. 新聞報道,覆蓋範圍


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