層次與結構：第一段，尤其第一句話，描寫了一個社會現象，亦為本文研究主題-電信詐騙
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺詐）. We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these ＂solutions"（解決方案）become widely（副詞作狀語）available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. （該句話為第一題答案的直接出處） In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
機器人電話的問題已經變得如此嚴重，以至於許多人現在拒絕接聽他們不知道號碼的電話。到明年,我們收到的電話詐騙的一半(欺詐)。我們終於意識到問題的嚴重性了，我們支持並開發了一組工具、應用程序和方法來防止騙子通過。不幸的是，它太少了，太遲了。當這些“解決方案”廣泛使用的時候，,騙子會轉移到更聰明的手段上（使你相信）。在不久的將來，你將會懷疑你在屏幕上看到的數字。很快你也會懷疑你聽到的聲音是不是真的。
層次與結構：進一步描寫本文主旨（電信詐騙的社會現象）的細節
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 處理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
這是因為有很多強有力的聲音處理,和自動化技術,這個技術可以被任何人大規模的使用。在今年的I/O大會上，一家公司展示了一種新的語音技術，這種技術能夠發出如此令人信服的人聲，以至於它能夠在不被察覺的情況下與接待員通話並預訂房間。
層次與結構：提出該問題（現象）的解決方法
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.（關鍵句翻譯：機器人電話之所以讓人頭疼，與數量無關，而與準確性有關）A decade of data breaches（數據侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where（定語從句引導詞） scammers can easily（副詞作狀語） learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed (過去分詞作狀語，表被動和完成，其邏輯主語為主句的主語)with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. （該句話為39題答案直接出處）This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking（現在分詞作狀語） you into "confirming" your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
這些發展可能會使我們目前的機器人電話問題更加嚴重。機器人電話之所以讓人頭疼，與數量無關，而與準確性有關。十年的數據洩露了個人信息情況，騙子很容易瞭解你母親的名字,甚至其它更多的信息。有了這方面的知識，他們就能夠開展針對個人的活動來欺騙人們。這意味著，例如，一個騙子可能從一個看起來很熟悉的號碼打電話給你，用一個聽起來和你的銀行出納員的聲音說話，欺騙你“確認”你的地址、母親的名字和卡號。騙子跟蹤資金，所以公司將受到最嚴重的打擊。許多業務仍然是通過電話完成的，其中許多是基於信任和現有的關係。語音操縱技術可能會逐漸削弱這一點。
層次與結構：描寫作者對於該問題解決方案的態度-不那麼樂觀
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find（不定式做目的狀語）ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can（定語從句引導詞） be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
我們需要解決電信網絡的不安全問題。電話運營商和消費者需要共同努力，找到確定和溝通什麼是真實的方法。這可能意味著要麼開發一種統一的方式來標記視頻和圖像，顯示視頻和圖像是何時、由誰製作的，要麼完全放棄電話，轉向基於數據的通信——使用FaceTime或WhatsApp，後者可以與你的身份綁定。
信譽很難建立，但很容易失去，而且從現在開始，問題只會越來越難。
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
panic/pænɪk/ n. 恐慌，驚慌；大恐慌adj. 恐慌的；沒有理由的
panicked v. 使恐慌（panic的過去式及過去分詞）
解析：該題答案來自：By the time these ＂solutions"（解決方案）become widely（副詞作狀語）available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.
A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely
解析：該題答案來自：A decade of data breaches（數據侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily（副詞作狀語） learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.
40. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy. （不符合原文）
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
edge/edʒ/n. 邊緣；優勢；鋒利vt. 使銳利；給…加上邊vi. 緩緩移動；側著移動
double-edged/ˌdʌblˈedʒd/adj. 雙面的；對雙方皆不利的；有雙重目的的
C. There are more solutions than problems. （不符合原文）
D. Credibility holds the key to development. （不符合原文）
解析：該題的錯誤選項易排除-明顯偏離了後半段的內容，所以很容易答對
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
解析：最後一題或者考察主旨或者考察最後一二段的細節；錯誤選項往往偏離主旨，易排除
詞彙歸類學習：
address/ə'dres/
n.地址，演講，致辭，說話的技巧，稱呼vt.演說，從事，忙於，寫姓名地址，向……致敬，和……說話
含有“地址”、“演講”等多種釋義，從詞源構成來學習。
address由ad+dress組成，其中的前綴ad等於to
注：a+輔音字母的前綴，例如ap,ad,as等，有兩個含義：1，表“加強”；2，表“方向”、“去”
dress來自拉丁語directus，等於單詞direct，所以address的字面意思就是“to direct”（引導）的意思。
address表示“將信件引導至某處”，即在信封上寫上投遞地址，後演變為名詞，表示“地址”。
address表示“將精力或注意力引導至某件事”，即“致力於”的意思；
address表示演講，因為演講其實就是將自己的意見引導至觀眾頭腦中， address指的是正式的、精心準備好的演講。
結構分析：
address = ad（去）+dress（=direct，引導）→引導精力向→從事、忙於；引導言語→向…致辭、與…說話、稱呼→演講、致辭；引導郵件→在信封上寫姓名地址→地址
同源詞：
direct指導
dress 穿衣
詞根ferry 表示“帶來/拿來”
ferry/ˈferi/ n.渡船；擺渡；渡口vt.用渡船運送/度過；空運vi. 擺渡；來往行駛
fertility/fɜː'tɪlɪti/ n.肥沃，豐饒
fertilizer/ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ n.肥料；受精媒介物；促進發展者;
infer /ɪn'fɜː/ vt/vi.推斷
refer /rɪ'fɜː/ vt/vi.涉及，提到，參考 reference
suffer/ˈsʌfə(r)/ vt.遭受；忍受；經歷vi. 遭受，忍受；受痛苦；經驗；受損害
confer/kənˈfɜː(r)/ vt.授予；給予vi. 協商
conference /'kɒnfə rəns/ n.會議，協商
strong weak threat sharp
strength weaken threaten sharpen
strengthen
詞根gress 表“行走”
congress/ˈkɒŋɡres/ n.國會；代表大會；會議；社交
progress/ˈprəʊɡres/ n.進步，發展；前進vi. 前進，進步；進行
make progress
ingress/ˈɪnɡres/ n.進入；入口；准許進入；入境
aggress /ə'ɡres/ vt/vi.攻擊，挑釁； a+輔音字母的前綴表示“加強、強調”
aggressive/əˈɡresɪv/ adj.侵略性的；好鬥的；有進取心的；有闖勁的
grade/ɡreɪd/ n.年級；等級；成績；級別；階段vt. 評分；把…分等級vi. 分等級；逐漸變化
degrade/dɪˈɡreɪd/ vt/vi. 貶低；降級/解
upgrade/ˈʌpɡreɪd/ v.升級；改善（尤指服務）；n. 升級；增加adj. 往上的adv. 往上
graduate/ɡrædʒuət/ n. （尤指完成學士學位課程的）大學畢業生；
v. （尤指學士）獲得學位，畢業；授予（某人）學位；逐漸發展/改變
adj. （攻讀）研究生的；畢業的
graduation 畢業，刻度，分等級
gradually 逐漸地 gradualism按部就班主義，漸進主義
degree/dɪˈɡriː/n. 程度，等級；度；學位；階層 degreeless
undergraduate/ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒuət/ n.大學本科生；大學肄業生adj. 大學本科生的
avail /əˈveɪl/ n. 效用
availability 實用性
available / əˈveɪləbəl/ adj. 可用的；可獲得的
Tickets are available from the box office. 售票處有票出售。
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