SAT語法核心之標點符號

SAT語法核心之標點符號

SAT語法核心之標點符號

SAT 總分 >1500: 語法 > 350 分(錯 5 題以內)

SAT 總分 >1400: 語法 > 330 分(錯 8 題以內)

SAT 總分 >1300: 語法 > 300 分(錯 12 題以內)

SAT語法核心之標點符號

語法>350 分:4 篇文章用時 35 分鐘,每篇文章可以在 7 分鐘之內完成;剩餘時間可以優先檢查易錯點:如標點符號、關聯詞和排序題。

語法>330 分:4 篇文章用時 35 分鐘,第- ~篇和第二篇可以在 7 分到 8 分之間完成;後兩篇 8 分半左右完成。

語法>300 分:4 篇文章用時 35 分鐘,第一篇和第二篇可以用時 8 分鐘;第三篇 9 分左右;最後一篇先挑擅長題目做,可以把排序和段落主旨題目放在最後做。

SAT語法核心之標點符號

標點符號分類:逗號、分號、冒號、破折號、撇號用法

SAT語法核心之標點符號

作用:逗號可用於分隔詞、短語或者從句,不可用於分隔兩個獨立句子。SAT 中逗號用法如下:

1. 主語和謂語之間不使用逗號,但當在主語後使用有插入語對句子進行解釋時,應使用雙逗號將插入語隔開。

例如:Tina, a successful businesswoman and a young mother, inspired many mothers in the world to pursue both their careers and family happiness.

解析:該句子的主語是 Tina,謂語是 inspired, a successful businesswoman and a young mother 是同位語結構解釋說明主語,故使用雙逗號。

SAT 考題形式見例題:

例題 1: Helge Kragh. A science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark, agrees what the manuscript shows is that although by then he accepted the expansion of space, Einstein was unhappy with a Universe changing in time.

A. NO CHANGE

B. Helge Kragh a science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark,

C. Helge Kragh, a science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark

D. Helge Kragh, a science historian, at Aarhus University in Denmark

答案:A

解題思路:根據選項特徵,判斷此題考標點符號。主語:Helge Kragh;謂語:agrees,雙逗號之間的 a… In Denmark 短語作同位語解釋說明主語,用法正確;B, C, D 選項均缺少逗號;故此題選 A。

題目譯文:丹麥奧胡斯大學的科學史學家赫爾奇。克勞也同意這種說法,該手稿表明,雖然愛因斯坦接受了拓展空間的理論,但是他並不滿意宇宙隨時變化的這種理論。

例題 2: These laws. They think could place bans on the rights of citizens.

A. NO CHANGE

B. laws they, think

C. Laws, they think,

D. Laws they think,

答案:C

解題思路: 根據選項特徵,判斷此題考標點符號。主語:these laws,謂語:could place,句子 they think 做插入語,主語和謂語之間要有兩個逗號,A 選項錯誤;B, D 選項同 A 選項錯誤;C 選項正確,故此題選 C.

題目譯文: 他們認為這些法律可能會限制公民的權利。

2. 副詞類關聯詞(例如 however, thus 等)放在一個句子中間時,其前後都需要有逗號:但放在句首時,只需要在其後加一個逗號。

例如:His most prized time, however, will be spent quietly in his hometown.

SAT 考題形式見例題:

例題:The people with whom she did come in contact however. Had an enormous impact on her poetry.

A. NO CHANGE

B. Contact; however,

C. Contact, however

D. Contact, however,

答案:D

解題思路: 根據選項特徵,判斷此題考標點符號。主語:the people,謂語:had; however 作為副詞放在句子中間,前後都要有逗號,A 選項缺逗號,錯誤;B 選項分號前後都不是完整句子,用法錯誤;C選項同 A 選項錯誤;D 選項 however 前後都有逗號,用法正確,故此題選 D.

題目譯文: 然而,和她接觸的人對她的詩歌產生了巨大的影響。

3. 並列連詞 and, but, so, or, yet 用以連接兩個獨立句子時,連詞前面要加逗號。此規則是逗號用法中的難點,同學們應予以重視。

例如:He likes traveling, and he has traveled to many places.

SAT 考題形式見例題:

例題:His intellectual sights were set on horizons farther than the still prejudicial post-Civil War Reconstructionist South and by 1884 he had decided to locate to Cleveland, Ohio.

A.NO CHANGE

B. South, and by 1884

C. South and, by 1884

D. South and by 1884,

答案:B

解題思路: 根據選項特徵,判斷此題考標點符號。第一個句子主語:his intellectual sights,謂語:were set, and 連接的並列句中主語:he, 謂語:had decided, and 前面需要加一個逗號,A 選項缺逗號,錯| 誤;B 選項 and 前面有逗號,用法正確;C, D 選項同 A 選項錯誤;故此題選 B.

題目譯文: 他視野遠要比那些持有偏見的南部戰後重建者要深遠得多,到1884 年,他決定搬到俄亥俄州的克利夫蘭。

4. 並列連詞 and, but, or, yet 用以並列兩個詞或者短語時,不使用逗號,形式如下:Aand 3; 當這些連詞用於並列三個或三個以上詞或者短語時,需要在各並列成分之間使用逗號,連詞置於最後一個並列成分之前,形式如下:A, B, and C.

例如:

He promised to give me a pen and a ruler.

Her mother sells apples, peaches, and pears.

SAT 考題形式見例題:

例題 1: He rarely encountered racial discrimination, or prejudice, but on the contrary he was befriended and admired by many ordinary and prominent white Americans.

A. NOCHANGE

B. Racial discrimination or prejudice

C. Racial discrimination or, prejudice

D. Racial, discrimination or prejudice

答案:B

解題思路: 根據選項特徵,判斷此題考標點符號。主語:he,謂語:encountered; racial discrimination, or prejudice 兩個名詞短語並列作賓語,不需要加逗號,故 A 選項錯誤;B 選項正確;C, D 選項同 A 選項錯誤;故此題選 B.

題目譯文:他很少遭遇到種族歧視或偏見,相反的是,他甚至和許多普通,白人以及有名望的白人做朋友並且受到他們的欽佩。

例題 2: Alexander Hamilton was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father. Economist and political philosopher.

A. NO CHANGE

B. A Founding Father, economist, and

C. A Founding Father, economist, and

D. A Founding, Father, economist, and

答案:C

解題思路:根據選項特徵,判斷此題考標點符號。主語:Alexander Hamilton; 謂語:was; the first... Treasury, a Founding Father, economist 和 political philosopher 四個名詞短語並列用 and 連接,and 前面缺逗號,故 A 選項錯誤;B 選項 a 後面多逗號,C 選項正確;D 選項,同 B 選項錯誤;故此題選項 C。

題目譯文:亞歷山大漢密爾頓是第一位美國財政部長、開國元勳、經濟學家和政治哲學家。

5. 表目的的 to do 短語與其前部分之間不使用逗號,例如:The teacher encouraged the boy to speak in front of his classmates.

解析:主語:the teacher;謂語 encouraged; encouraged the boy to speak 是 encourage sb. To do 長短語,不需要在中間使用逗號。SAT 考題形式見例題:

例題:Encouraged to get involved by the leaders of environmental groups, in 1969- -at the age of 79- -Douglas founded. Friends of the Everglades to protest the construction of ajetportin the Big Cypress portion of the Everglades.

A. NO CHANGE

B. Founded Friends of the Everglades, to protest

C. Founded Friends of the Everglades to protest

D. Founded Friends, of the Everglades to protest

答案:C

解題思路:根據選項特徵,判斷此題考標點符號。Encouraged.. Of 短語作狀語修飾主語,主語:Douglas;謂語:founded;賓語:Friends of the Everglades; to.. Everglades 短語作目的狀語,固定短語之間不需要使用逗號,A 選項錯誤;B, D 選項同 A 選項錯誤;C 選項正確,故此題選 C.

題目譯文:1969 年,79 歲的道格拉斯在環保組織領導人的鼓勵下,成立“溼地之友”去抗議在大柏樹沼澤地區建噴氣機機場。

6. 當名詞或名詞短語與其後的非謂短語之間無逗號時,則非謂語短語作定語修飾其前面的名詞或名詞短語;若名詞或名詞短語與其後的非謂語之間有逗號時,則非謂短語作狀語修飾該句主語。

例 1: I knew the man working in the bank.

例 2: I knew the man, working in the bank.

解析:例 1 中,主語:I;謂語:knew; working..Bank 短語作定語修飾 man. 例 2 中,主語:I;謂語:knew; working... Bank 短語作狀語,分詞 working的邏輯主語是句子的主語 1.

SAT 考題形式見例題:

例題:Daniels, however. Advises the opposite. Believing that“we need to help youth understand this is a very public forum, " and that profile photos should be selected on the basis of how well they represent your“identity" as opposed to your looks.

A. NO CHANGE

B. However, advises the opposite believing

C.Howeveradvises the opposite believing

D. However, advises, the opposite believing

答案:A

解題思路:根據選項特徵,判斷此題考標點符號。主語:Daniels,謂語:advises; believing that.. Looks 短語作狀語修飾主語,故 believing前要使用逗號,A 選項正確,故此題選 A。題目譯文然而,丹尼爾斯給出相反的建議,他認為“我們需要幫助青少年瞭解這是一個公共論壇”,頭像的選擇應基於如何表示你的“身份”,而不是表現你的外貌。

在 SAT 中,逗號用法的考察最多、最難、同時也最易錯,所以同學們要牢牢掌握逗號用法,減少做題中的錯誤。

SAT語法核心之標點符號


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