Eagle 綜合徵(Eagle's syndrome)是指由於莖突形態、長度、方位異常和(或)莖突舌骨韌帶骨化而引起的一系列症狀稱為
莖突過長綜合徵或莖突綜合徵( Styloid process syndrome,SPS),最早是由Watt Eagle在1937年首先闡述,故又稱Eagle 綜合徵。臨床表現:
1、Cranial nerve impingement 神經壓迫症狀
Patients can have symptoms related to compression and irritation of cranial nerves in the region (cranial nerves V, VII, IX and X) such as:
- facial pain while turning the head轉動頭部時面部疼痛
- dysphagia吞嚥困難
- foreign body sensation咽異物感
- pain on extending tongue伸舌痛
- change in voice聲音改變
- sensation of hypersalivation唾液分泌增多
- tinnitus or otalgia耳鳴或耳痛
On palpation of the styloid process tip, symptoms should ideally be exacerbated.莖突觸診時,症狀會加重。
2、Arterial impingement 動脈壓迫症狀
Additionally compression of the carotid artery may also produce vascular / ischaemic symptoms as well as pain along the artery to the supplied territory (thought to be mediated by the sympathetic plexus) including:
- mechanical compression機械壓迫
- visual symptoms視覺症狀
- syncope暈厥
- carotid dissection has also been described頸內動脈夾層
- sympathetic plexus irritation (carotidynia)交感神經刺激症狀(頸動脈痛)
- eye pain眼痛
- parietal pain顱頂痛
影像診斷:
關於莖突過長的診斷標準尚未有定論;對於莖突長度文獻報道多在25 ~30mm之間;超過3cm可以診斷莖突過長,約4%的人群存在莖突過長,其中只有4%-15%的人群有症狀。X線對莖突分節及莖突舌骨韌帶鈣化顯示欠佳,CT重組圖可以顯示莖突形態與周圍組織關係。
Eagle syndrome with ICA compression:
莖突過長致頸內動脈假性動脈瘤:
Bilateral cervical internal carotid artery dissections in Eagle syndrome:
雙側頸內動脈夾層
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