針對外國投資者在中國大陸設立公司之後，在銀行開戶環節，由於不熟悉國內政策而遭遇的各種困難，我們總結了一系列的問題，並給予了詳細的解答。投資者在開戶之前，可以根據自身的實際情況，提前跟銀行確認相關細節，避免因賬戶問題而導致經營停滯。
In view of the difficulties encountered by foreign investors in opening bank accounts after setting up companies in mainland China due to their unfamiliarity with domestic policies, we have summarized a series of questions and given detailed answers. Before opening an account, investors can, according to their own actual situation, in advance with the bank to confirm the relevant details, to avoid account problems and lead to business stagnation.
- 銀行開戶的流程性問題
- PROCESS ISSUES FOR OPENING A BANK ACCOUNT
——————
1) 是否需要核對“法定代表人的身份證明原件”？
Is that need to check the original identity certificate of the legal representative？
身份證明：對於中國大陸人士，是指“身份證”；對於港澳臺人士，是指“來往大陸通行證”；對於外籍人士，是指“護照”。
Identification: for Mainland Chinese, it means "Identity Card" ; for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, it means " Exit-Entry Permit to Mainland " ; for foreigners, it means "Passport" .
核驗原件的方式：
The method of verification of the original：
A. 常見方式：需要法定代表人本人，持身份證明原件到銀行前臺辦理，銀行實施“雙攝製度”（攝影和攝像）；或由法定代表人出具《委託證明》，由受託人持本人身份證明原件，及法定代表人身份證原件，到銀行前臺辦理。
Common method: The legal representative himself is required to present the original identity certificate to the front desk of the Bank for Processing, and the bank implements the "double photography system" (photography and video) ; or the legal representative issues the "entrustment certificate" , and the trustee holds the original identity certificate, and the original identity card of the legal representative, go to the front desk of the bank.
B. 替代方式：法定代表人的身份證明原件在本國進行公證，然後到所在國的中國使領館進行認證，持認證原件到銀行辦理開戶。部分外資銀行，可以允許在法定代表人在其本地的銀行網點，通過視頻進行身份驗證。
Alternative method: The original identity certificate of the legal representative shall be notarized in the home country, and then it shall be authenticated at the Chinese Embassy and consulate in the host country, and the bank shall open an account with the original authentication. Some foreign banks may allow their legal representatives to conduct identity verification through video at their local bank outlets.
無論是何種驗證方式，都應該提前與銀行進行確認，選擇適合自己核驗方式的銀行。
No matter what kind of verification method, you should confirm with the bank in advance, and choose the bank that suits your verification method.
2) 如何核查“最終持股人”信息？
How to verify the information of the "ultimate shareholder" ?
對於新開戶的企業，銀行都需要做適當的背景調查，最常見的是要求企業出具《股權架構圖》，此架構圖需要追溯到“最終持股的自然人”。但某些銀行除了架構圖，可能會提出其他要求，應該落實如下問題：
Banks are required to do proper background checks for new accounts, most often requiring companies to produce a "shareholding structure" that goes
A． 如何核驗最終持股人身份證明：需要詢問銀行，如何核驗最終持股人的身份信息，是僅提供身份證明覆印件？或需要核驗原件？或需要提供公證文件？
How to verify the identity of the ultimate shareholder: The bank is asked how to verify the identity information of the ultimate shareholder, or is only a copy of the identity certificate provided? Or need to verify the original? Or need to provide notarized documents?
B． 上市公司該如何核驗：如果母公司是境外上市公司，則最終持股人數每天都在變化，銀行該如何核驗，是僅提供最大股東的身份證明？還是持股超過某個比例的股東，一律需要提供身份證明？
How should a listed company be verified: If the parent company is an offshore company, and the ultimate number of shareholders changes from day to day, how should the bank verify that it is only providing the identification of the largest shareholder? Or is proof of identity required for all shareholders holding more than a certain percentage of shares?
3) 是否需要上門核查“辦公場地”？
Is that need to check the "office space" ?
針對如今很多外資企業用“虛擬地址”註冊，銀行在做背景調查的時候，可能會提出核驗辦公場地的要求。企業應提前跟銀行溝通，如暫時沒有實際辦公場地，應選擇那些不需要核驗場地的銀行開立銀行賬戶。
For many foreign-funded enterprises with "virtual address" registration, banks in doing background checks, may be required to verify the office space. Enterprises should communicate with the bank in advance, such as the temporary absence of physical office space, should choose those banks do not need to check the site to open bank accounts.
4) 開戶的程序、時間和特殊材料
The procedure, time and special materials for opening an account
一般情況下，銀行會要求外資企業先開立“人民幣基本賬戶”，然後再開立“外幣資本金”賬戶，應提前詢問銀行如下問題：
Under normal circumstances, banks will require foreign-funded enterprises to open a "RMB basic account" before opening a "foreign currency capital" account. The following questions should be asked in advance:
A． 所有開戶資料能否一次性準備：因兩個賬戶開立時間一般間隔7天至14天，如果能一次性準備材料，法定代表人只需核對一次身份證明原件，方便其計劃行程。剩下的開戶程序，包括網銀、扣稅協議等，就交由經辦人員跟進即可。
One-time preparation of all account opening information: Since two accounts are normally opened 7 to 14 days apart, if one-time preparation is possible, the legal representative only needs to check the original identification certificate once to facilitate his travel planning. The remaining account opening procedures, including Internet banking, tax deduction agreements, etc. , will be referred to the handling staff to follow up.
B． 落實賬戶的具體開戶時間：應落實每個賬戶的具體開戶時間，因後續稅務報到、申請一般納稅人、海關備案等，都受銀行開戶進度的影響。開戶時間過長，會導致企業無法運作。
The specific time of opening an account: the specific time of opening an account shall be determined for each account, as the following tax registration, application for general taxpayers, customs filing, etc. are all affected by the progress of opening an account at the bank. Too long account opening time will cause the enterprise to be unable to operate.
C． 是否需要投資方出具決議：某些銀行除了一般的開戶材料，還需要投資方出具一份正式的決議，有些還要求決議辦理公證認證。應提前落實是否需要特殊材料，以判斷準備開戶資料的時間和代價。
Whether the investor is required to issue a resolution: in addition to general account opening materials, some banks also need the investor to issue a formal resolution, and some require the resolution to be notarized. Whether special materials are needed should be implemented in advance to judge the time and cost of preparing account opening materials.
- 結匯和現金提取等問題
- FOREIGN EXCHANGE SETTLEMENT AND CASH WITHDRAWAL
——————
1) 外匯結匯需要提供什麼材料？
What materials should be provided for foreign exchange settlement?
A． 銀行能給予的“備用金”額度是多少？
What is the amount of "petty cash" that the Bank can grant?
因中國大陸有外匯管制政策，外匯進入中國之後的使用路徑會被監管。所以，結匯一般需要提供“使用此筆資金的合同和發票”，而在企業設立之初，需要支付前期開辦費用、辦公費用或管理費用等，這些費用往往不能提供合同和發票，此時需要向銀行申請一筆“備用金”。
Because of the exchange control policy in mainland China, the use of foreign exchange after entering China will be regulated. Therefore, the settlement of foreign exchange generally requires the provision of "contracts and invoices for the use of the funds, " while at the beginning of the establishment of an enterprise, it requires the payment of pre-start-up costs, office expenses or management expenses, etc. . These expenses often can not provide contracts and invoices, at this point need to apply to the bank for a "petty cash ".
需提前瞭解備用金的額度，因根據不同銀行的規定，備用金額度從1000美元至10萬美元不等。如果額度只有1000美元，那麼投資方匯入大筆註冊資本也意義不大，註冊資本無法從資本金賬戶結匯至人民幣賬戶，即等於資金被“變相凍結”。更有甚者，是不提供備用金結匯，每筆金額，哪怕再小，都要提供相應的合同和發票。
It is necessary to know the amount of petty cash in advance, because according to the regulations of different banks, the amount of petty cash varies from $1000 to $100000. If the amount is only 1000 US dollars, it is of little significance for the investor to remit a large amount of registered capital. If the registered capital cannot be settled from the capital account to the RMB account, that is to say, the capital is frozen in disguised form. What's more, there is no reserve fund for settlement of foreign exchange. Each amount, even if it is small, should be provided with corresponding contracts and invoices.
B． 每一次結匯需要的材料和時間？
Materials and time required for each settlement?
應落實每一次結匯需要提供的具體材料和流程，如果結匯的程序過於複雜，要求文件過於繁複，那麼“結匯環節”就會成為資金流的“瓶頸”，哪怕資本金賬戶上躺著大量現金，都無法調度使用。
The specific materials and processes to be provided for each settlement should be implemented. If the settlement procedures are too complex and the documents are too complex, then the "settlement link" will become the "bottleneck" of capital flow. Even if there is a large amount of cash lying on the capital account, it can not be used for scheduling.
2) 現金提取問題？
Problem of cash withdrawal?
用現金支票提取現金，是所有銀行的通用做法，但此做法有幾點缺陷，一是需要到銀行前臺辦理，浪費時間；二是支票上需要蓋“預留印鑑”或“授權人簽名”，如果印鑑保存在不同地方，或簽字的負責人分佈在世界各地，那麼準備現金支票耗時很長。所以，可以提前與銀行落實提現政策，問如下問題：
It is a common practice for all banks to withdraw cash by cash check, but there are several defects in this practice. First, it needs to go to the bank's front desk for processing, which wastes time; second, it needs to stamp "reserved seal" or "authorized person signature" on the check. If the seal is kept in different places, or the person in charge of signing is distributed around the world, it takes a long time to prepare the cash check. Therefore, we can implement the withdrawal policy with the bank in advance and ask the following questions:
A． 是否提供“公司銀行卡”？
Is a "corporate bank card" provided?
有些銀行會提供一張“公司銀行卡”，經辦人可以持卡直接在ATM機提取現金，企業可以設定每日或每月提取限額，如“2萬/天，10萬/月”。
Some banks offer a "corporate card, " with which a bank representative can withdraw cash directly from an ATM, and businesses can set daily or monthly withdrawal limits, such as "20,000 per day, 100,000 per month ".
B． 網銀是否允許“公賬轉私賬”？
Is it allowed to transfer money from public account to private account from the online banking?
某些比較急迫的“零星支付”，如果可以從公賬轉到財務人員的私賬，財務人員再通過移動支付的方式轉出，會極大提高財務人員的效率。跟公司銀行卡相仿，企業也可以設置“公對私”的支付限額。
Some urgent "sporadic payments" will greatly improve the efficiency of financial personnel if they can transfer from public accounts to private accounts of financial personnel and then transfer out by means of mobile payment. Similar to the company's bank card, enterprises can also set "public to private" payment limits.
- 賬戶年檢和銷戶問題
- ANNUAL INSPECTION AND CANCELLATION OF ACCOUNTS
——————
1) 賬戶年檢的時間和程序
Time and procedure of annual inspection of account
A． “固定年檢”vs“滾動年檢”？
"Fixed annual inspection" vs "rolling annual inspection"?
先落實銀行的年檢時間是“固定年檢”還是“滾動年檢”。所謂固定年檢，是每年固定一個時間段，對賬戶實施統一年檢，如3月1日至5月31日；所謂“滾動年檢”，是按企業銀行賬戶的開戶日期，一年後再年檢，如企業是2020年4月1日開戶，則年檢時間為2021年3月31日。
First, the time of the bank's annual inspection should be "fixed annual inspection" or "rolling annual inspection". The so-called fixed annual inspection refers to a fixed period of time each year to implement a unified annual inspection on the account, such as March 1 to May 31; the so-called "rolling annual inspection" refers to the annual inspection according to the account opening date of the enterprise's bank account, one year later; if the enterprise opens an account on April 1, 2020, the annual inspection time is March 31, 2021.
B． 年檢是否要查閱投資方材料？
Whether to consult the investor's materials in the annual inspection?
有些銀行的年檢，只查看外資企業的基本材料（如營業執照，年度報告等）；有些則需要查看投資方的材料（如投資方的存續證明等），所以應提前落實所需材料，以免錯過年檢時間而遭遇賬戶凍結。
For the annual inspection of some banks, only the basic materials (such as business license, annual report, etc.) of foreign-funded enterprises should be checked; for others, the materials of investors (such as the existence certificate of investors, etc.) should be checked, so the required materials should be implemented in advance, so as to avoid account freezing due to missing the time of annual inspection.
2) 銷戶材料
Account cancellation materials
企業跟銀行之間是普通商業合作，企業可以隨時更換銀行，但應該提前落實銷戶的基本程序，否則可能因為“程序門檻”而導致企業無法銷戶。
The business cooperation between the enterprise and the bank is common. The enterprise can change the bank at any time, but the basic procedure of account cancellation should be implemented in advance, otherwise the enterprise may not be able to close the account due to the "procedure threshold".
A． 銷戶需要核驗哪些原件？
Which originals should be verified for account cancellation?
有的銀行在銷戶時，還需要再次核驗法定代表人的身份證明原件，如果法定代表人長期不在國內，銷戶付出的成本會比較高。
Some banks need to check the original identity certificate of the legal representative again when closing accounts. If the legal representative is not in China for a long time, the cost of closing accounts will be higher.
B． 銷戶是否涉及配額問題？
Is quota involved in account cancellation?
有的銀行，會以KPI為由（如網點每開立2個賬戶，才有配額註銷1個賬戶），要求企業等待銀行給予的配額，輪候時間可能長達數月。當然，企業遇到這樣的不公平待遇，也可以向銀監會投訴，但投訴的流程也是長達數月，最終損失的還是企業本身。
Some banks will require enterprises to wait for quotas granted by banks for months on the basis of KPI (for example, only one account can be cancelled for every two accounts opened by outlets). Of course, when enterprises encounter such unfair treatment, they can also complain to the CBRC, but the process of complaint also lasts for months, and the ultimate loss is the enterprise itself.
- 總 結
現金流是企業的命脈，銀行賬戶是企業運作資金的橋樑。選擇一個銀行，是選擇一個長期的合作伙伴，企業必須非常謹慎。如果企業對此沒有足夠的經驗和談判技巧，建議委託我司作為代表，代理銀行開戶手續和結匯手續，為企業爭取最優厚的條件。
Cash flow is the lifeblood of an enterprise, and bank account is the bridge for an enterprise to operate its capital. To choose a bank is to choose a long-term partner. Enterprises must be very cautious. If the enterprise does not have enough experience and negotiation skills, it is suggested to entrust our company as a representative to act as the agent for the bank's account opening procedures and foreign exchange settlement procedures, so as to strive for the most favorable conditions for the enterprise.
閱讀更多 粵灣商盟 的文章
