时态在英语中占着举足轻重的作用，学好时态，意味着一只脚已经跨入学好英语的大门。所以，同学们一定要重视时态，把每个时态的用法弄清楚，多理解，多思考,并适当辅以习题进行应用和巩固。
01
一般现在时的用法
1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
例： every…, sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at…, on Sunday等。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
He watches Tv once a week .
2) 表示普遍真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east ofChina.
3) 格言或警句。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 表示现在时刻的状态、能力、个性或爱好。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：
Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.
第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
02
一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982，yesterday morning (afternoon, vening…)，
last night (week, month, year…), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago…just now,等。
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
注意：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义：她已不在人间。)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
1） 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
2）表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3）瞬时动词的进行时一定表示将来的含义。
瞬时动词：come,go,arrive,leave,finish,end,start,begin等。
We are arriving at London.
持续动词的进行时需要加表示将来的时间状语或有将来的语境时才能表将来。
I am travelling next month.
4）与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
03
现在进行时
1） 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
2）表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3）瞬时动词的进行时一定表示将来的含义。
瞬时动词：come,go,arrive,leave,finish,end,start,begin等。
We are arriving at London.
持续动词的进行时需要加表示将来的时间状语或有将来的语境时才能表将来。
I am travelling next month.
4）与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
04
过去进行时
1）过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。
例如：（just）then 那时，当时；at this/that time 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon昨天下午；at nine 在九点；last night 昨晚；（at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候
但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。
What were you doing at nine last night?
昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？
I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon.
我昨天下午正在家里看电视。
They were playing football at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。
2）过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
常与those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语连用。
From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .
从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。
They were building a bridge last winter .
去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。
3）过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中。
Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning.
上周五Lucy到达北京，但第二天早晨就要动身去香港了。
She asked him if he was coming back for lunch.
她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。
4）过去进行时与频度副词always forever， continually， constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。
My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨)
He was always helping others. (表示赞扬)
05
一般将来时
1）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。
时间状语：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ……
2）will do
表示主观意愿做某事。
I will see a movie this morning.
表示客观的不以人的意志为转移的客观将来。
Fish will die without water.
表示临时决定。
——Mom, where is the newspaper?
——Wait a moment. I will get it for you.
3) be going to +do
表示计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
表示有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.
06
过去将来时
立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
He said he would go to Beijing the
I didn't know if she was going to come。
Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。
07
现在完成时
1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, before
I have finished my homework.
我做完家庭作业了。
(过去某时开始做，到现在已完成。)
2）表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续下去。
标志词：for, since, since…ago
I have studied English for six years.
我已经学了六年英语了。
(六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。)
3） have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别
have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了
have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用
如：
He has been to Shenyang before.
他以前曾去过沈阳。
He has been in Shenyang for ten years.
他在沈阳10年了。
Has he gone to Shenyang?
他去沈阳了吗?
4）非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。
但能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。
arrive, come → be here,
die → be dead
finish, end → be over
go out → be out
join → be in
borrow→keep
finish/end →be over
close →be closed
leave, move → be away
fall asleep → be asleep
08
过去完成时
1）以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
2）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
中考英语时态答题易错点归纳
易错点一、忽略题干的语境
1. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _______ to half a dozen other groups.
A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given
【解析】许多同学可能会简单地根据前面的was giving而误选A。但事实上，此题提供的语境是：我当时正在给一群人作报告，这个报告我曾给其他若干批人讲过。由于was giving为过去进行时，而“曾给其他若干批人讲过”显然发生在was giving这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时，即答案选C。
2. Father _____ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left
【解析】若单独看Father _____ for London on business upon my arrival这一句，则答案选C或D均可。但是，若结合后面的so I didn’t see him，则答案只能选D。因为，既然“我没有见到他”用了过去时态，那么“父亲离开”就肯定属于“过去的过去”，故要用过去完成时。
易错点二、滥用时态呼应
1. I _______ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
【解析】许多同学一看到后面的have never regretted为现在完成时，同时选项C也是现在完成时，结果滥用时态呼应，将答案误选C。其实，此题的最佳答案是A。句中but后的句子告诉我们，说话者现在已搬回了上海，所以他住在伦敦应属于过去的事情，故应用一般过去时。
2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (2005湖北卷)
A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide
【解析】有的同学一看到句中的was hoping，便想当然地认为答案是A或C。其
实，此题的最佳答案是B，用现在完成时表示目前决定“已经”作出。其实，假若此处填过去时态，它与其后宾语从句中的won’t, can也自相矛盾，故应排除
易错点三、忽略简单时态的特殊用法
Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _______.
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
【解析】此题答案选B，用现在进行时表示将来意义。The plane is taking off. 的意思是“飞机马上就要起飞了”。
易错点四、忽略排除法的使用
I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ______ on it for more than an hour.
A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked
【解析】此题选A，has been working 为现在完成进行时，是许多中学生不太熟悉的一种时态，因此要想通过分析句子直接从正面选出答案可能有一定困难。但是，如果我们用排除法来分析，则问题变得很简单：首先，由于until引导的是时间状语从句，根据“主将从现”原则，当主句为将来时态时，时间状语从句不能直接用将来时态来表示将来意义，据此可排除B和C；而选项D为过去完成时，也不能选，因为“过去完成时”必须以“过去”为支点，表示“过去的过去”，但此句并没有过去时态这一支点，故此选项也被排除。
易错点五、误解时态“标志”
As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ______ and see him. (2005北京卷)
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
【解析】许多同学一看到句中的when，就以为这是一个时间状语从句，认为要用一般现在时表示将来，故误选了C。其实，此题的答案是A，句中的时态“标志”词when不是引导一个时间状语从句，而是引导一个宾语从句，也就是说，它的意思不是“当……的时候”，而是表示“什么时候”
閱讀更多 教育之正能量 的文章
