scrapy 解決爬蟲IP代理池，百萬大數據輕鬆爬取。

現在越來越多的人在工作中使用到爬蟲，各個網站的反爬蟲機制也越來越嚴格，下面就自己構建一個代理ip池。

一.手動更新ip池

1.1在setting配置文件中新增ip池

IPPOOL=[

{“ipaddr”:”61.129.70.131:8080”},

{“ipaddr”:”61.152.81.193:9100”},

{“ipaddr”:”120.204.85.29:3128”},

{“ipaddr”:”219.228.126.86:8123”},

{“ipaddr”:”61.152.81.193:9100”},

{“ipaddr”:”218.82.33.225:53853”},

{“ipaddr”:”223.167.190.17:42789”}

]

1.2修改middlewares.py文件

<code>import random  
from scrapy import signals  
from youx.settings import IPPOOL  

class MyproxiesSpiderMiddleware(object):  

      def __init__(self,ip=''):  
          self.ip=ip  

      def process_request(self, request, spider):  
          thisip=random.choice(IPPOOL)  
          print("this is ip:"+thisip["ipaddr"])  
          request.meta["proxy"]="http://"+thisip["ipaddr"]  
/<code>

1.3在setting裡面配置DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES

<code> DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
        #  'youx.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': None,
        'youx.middlewares.MyproxiesSpiderMiddleware': 125
    } /<code>

二.直接在middlewares.py文件裡面添加ip池

2.1middlewares文件裡面代碼

import base64

import random

from scrapy import signals

PROXIES = [

{‘ip_port’: ‘61.160.233.8’, ‘user_pass’: ”},

{‘ip_port’: ‘125.93.149.186’, ‘user_pass’: ”},

{‘ip_port’: ‘58.38.86.181’, ‘user_pass’: ”},

{‘ip_port’: ‘119.142.86.110’, ‘user_pass’: ”},

{‘ip_port’: ‘124.161.16.89’, ‘user_pass’: ”},

{‘ip_port’: ‘61.160.233.8’, ‘user_pass’: ”},

{‘ip_port’: ‘101.94.131.237’, ‘user_pass’: ”},

{‘ip_port’: ‘219.157.162.97’, ‘user_pass’: ”},

{‘ip_port’: ‘61.152.89.18’, ‘user_pass’: ”},

{‘ip_port’: ‘139.224.132.192’, ‘user_pass’: ”}

]

<code> class ProxyMiddleware(object):
        def process_request(self, request, spider):
            proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
            if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:
                request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']
                encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(proxy['user_pass'])
                request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass 

            else:
                request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']
/<code>

2.2setting裡面代碼

<code>DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
        # 'youx.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
        'youx.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 700,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': None,
    }
/<code>

三.自動更新IP池

3.1這裡寫個自動獲取IP的類proxies.py，執行一下把獲取的IP保存到txt文件中去:

<code># *-* coding:utf-8 *-*  
    import requests  
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  
    import lxml  
    from multiprocessing import Process, Queue  
    import random  
    import json  
    import time  
    import requests  

class Proxies(object):  

    """docstring for Proxies"""  
    def __init__(self, page=3):  
        self.proxies = []  
        self.verify_pro = []  
        self.page = page  
        self.headers = {  
        'Accept': '*/*',  
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)   Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36',  
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',  
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8'  
        }  
        self.get_proxies()  
        self.get_proxies_nn()  

    def get_proxies(self):  
        page = random.randint(1,10)  
        page_stop = page + self.page  
        while page < page_stop:   

            url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nt/%d' % page  
            html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content  
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')  
            ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')  
            for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):  
                protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower()+'://'  
                self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))  
            page += 1  

    def get_proxies_nn(self):  
        page = random.randint(1,10)  
        page_stop = page + self.page  
        while page < page_stop:  
            url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/%d' % page  
            html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content  
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')  
            ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')  
            for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):  
                protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower() + '://'  
                self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))  
            page += 1  

    def verify_proxies(self):  
        # 沒驗證的代理  
        old_queue = Queue()  
        # 驗證後的代理  
        new_queue = Queue()  
        print ('verify proxy........')  
        works = []  
        for _ in range(15):  
             works.append(Process(target=self.verify_one_proxy, args=(old_queue,new_queue)))  
        for work in works:  
            work.start()  
        for proxy in self.proxies:  
            old_queue.put(proxy)  
        for work in works:  
            old_queue.put(0)  
        for work in works:  
            work.join()  
        self.proxies = []  
        while 1:  
            try:  
                self.proxies.append(new_queue.get(timeout=1))  
            except:  
                break  
        print ('verify_proxies done!')  


    def verify_one_proxy(self, old_queue, new_queue):   

        while 1:  
            proxy = old_queue.get()  
            if proxy == 0:break  
            protocol = 'https' if 'https' in proxy else 'http'  
            proxies = {protocol: proxy}  
            try:  
                if requests.get('http://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=2).status_code == 200:  
                    print ('success %s' % proxy)  
                    new_queue.put(proxy)  
              except:  
                print ('fail %s' % proxy)  


if __name__ == '__main__':  
    a = Proxies()  
    a.verify_proxies()  
    print (a.proxies)  
    proxie = a.proxies   
    with open('proxies.txt', 'a') as f:  
        for proxy in proxie:  
             f.write(proxy+'\\n')  /<code>

這些IP就會保存到proxies.txt文件中去。

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關鍵字: 爬蟲 Scrapy 百萬