“你對‘一帶一路’倡議的第一印象是什麼？” “哪些國家從中受益？” “沿線正在聯合建設哪些項目？” “這真的是個債務陷阱嗎？” China Focus對十五位來自政界、商界、學界、新聞界的國際知名人士提出了上述問題。
"What is your first impression of the Belt and Road Initiative?" "Which countries have benefited from it?" " What projects are being jointly built along the routes?" "Is it really a debt trap?" These were the questions China Focus posed to 15 world-renowned leaders from politics, academia, media, and technology.
看完這個視頻，你就會了解到，為什麼哈佛大學教授格雷厄姆•艾利森認為從上海到荷蘭鹿特丹的高速列車是一個偉大的暢想，《世界郵報》總編輯內森·嘉德爾斯如何看待基礎設施助力中國發展，為什麼約翰•米勒-懷特認為“一帶一路”倡議將讓全世界都能從中獲益……
Find out why Harvard professor Graham Allison thinks a high-speed train from Shanghai to Rotterdam, the Netherlands, is a great idea; how Nathan Gardels, Editor-in-Chief of the WorldPost, thinks infrastructure has helped China; and why John Milligan-Whyte believes the initiative will grow to be a huge benefit to the world...
你對“一帶一路”倡議的第一印象如何？
What Is your First Impression of the Belt and Road Initiative?
2013年9月7日，習近平總書記在哈薩克斯坦納扎爾巴耶夫大學發表演講，提出 “絲綢之路經濟帶”的概念。同年10月，習總書記在印度尼西亞又進一步提出“共同建設21世紀‘海上絲綢之路’”的理念。由此形成了“一帶一路”倡議。
On September 7, 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered a speech at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan, proposing the concept of a Silk Road Economic Belt. On October 3 of the same year, he put forward the idea of the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road when speaking at the Indonesian parliament. These two terms are widely referred to as the Belt and Road Initiative.
▲ 蒙古國前總統奧其爾巴特
Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, former President of Mongolia
“這一倡議不僅涉及一個或幾個國家，”蒙古國前總統奧其爾巴特說，“我相信這是在鋪設一條全球發展的道路，最終將成為所有國家共建的一個發展示範區。參與其中的各國應構建互信協作關係，共同實施項目，實現平等獲利。”
"This initiative doesn’t only include one, two or three countries", says Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, former president of Mongolia. He believes that this is carving the path for global development and will end up being a development zone for everyone to have faith in each other, develop a good relationship with each other, implement the project together, make equal profit and bring prosperity to the world and more.
▲ 美中合作基金會執行主席約翰·米勒-懷特
John Milligan-Whyte, executive chairman of the America-China Partnership Foundation
美中合作基金會執行主席約翰·米勒-懷特認為，這一偉大戰略為中國經濟創造了良好的外部聯繫。最初它只是涉及“一帶一路”沿線的國家和地區，後來它一直延伸到歐洲甚至南美洲，舉世矚目。
John Milligan-Whyte, executive chairman of the America-China Partnership Foundation, hails the initiative as a brilliant strategy for generating economic growth in China and creating links for the Chinese economy. "Initially it was just the Belt and Road routes, then it went all the way to Europe and then it went all the way to South America. It’s really a global phenomenon", says Milligan-Whyte.
▲ 貝格魯恩研究會高級顧問內森·嘉德爾斯
Nathan Gardels, editor-in-chief of the WorldPost
貝格魯恩研究會高級顧問內森·嘉德爾斯則表示，未來世界的增長在於新興經濟體，正如中國改革開放40年來的成果所示，投資基礎設施建設是快速發展的關鍵。
"As China has shown in its own 40 years of reform and opening-up, investment in infrastructure is one of the keys to rapid development. "Nathan Gardels, editor-in-chief of the WorldPost, thinks that the future growth of the world is in the emerging economies. "The whole strategy of the Belt and Road is important to creating connectivity across Eurasia and Africa and other parts of the world", added Gardels.
▲ 韓國總統外交統一安全特別助理文正仁
Moon Chung-in, Special Adviser on Unification, Diplomacy and National Security to the President of the Republic of Korea
大多數發展中國家的發展都受制於其薄弱的基建能力，而中國則提出整合財政資源，以幫助發展中國家進行基礎設施建設，韓國總統外交統一安全特別助理文正仁如是說。
"China came up with the idea of pulling financial resources together", says Moon Chung-in, a special adviser to the president of the Republic of Korea. Over the years, he has seen most developing countries suffer from a lack of infrastructure. However, China is now helping these developing countries to build their infrastructure.
▲ 2017年2月8日，斯里蘭卡漢班託塔港。(圖片/新華社)
The Hambantota Port in Sri Lanka on February 8, 2017 (Photo/Xinhua).
“一帶一路”倡議是債務陷阱嗎？
Is the Belt and Road Initiative a "Debt Trap"?
2015年，一家中國企業牽頭的合資企業，中標了緬甸皎漂深水港項目 。中緬雙方商定，中緬雙方股權佔比為70%—30%，並且，中方願向緬方提供貸款，填補其資金缺口。然而，就在2018年該項目啟動之前，所謂的“債務陷阱”的論調一度甚囂塵上，迫使該項目不得不推遲啟動。
A joint venture led by a Chinese firm won the bid on the Kyaukpyu Port project, Myanmar, in 2015. China and Myanmar agreed on an equity ratio of 7:3 between the joint venture and Myanmar, with China offering a loan to Myanmar for the unfunded portion. However, right before the original launch of the project in 2018, a so-called “debt trap” argument went viral in the media, forcing the launch to be postponed.
▲ 巴基斯坦前總理肖卡特·阿齊茲
Shaukat Aziz, former prime minister of Pakistan
讓我們來了解下“債務陷阱”。其最初的定義為債務人接受了具有一定誘人利率的貸款後而陷入長期債務無法脫身。就這項倡議是否造成“債務陷阱”的問題，巴基斯坦前總理阿齊茲回應稱，眾所周知，貿易往來絕不能強迫，互聯互通也不例外。它們存在的意義是因為雙方都有需要，只滿足一方需求是行不通的。
The original definition of debt trap is that a debtor accepts an enticing loan with a certain interest rate and then is trapped in a long-term debt obligation. In response to whether the initiative is a debt trap, Shaukat Aziz, former Prime Minister of Pakistan, says "trade and connectivity can never be forced. It works and is viable when there’s a need from both sides. Whenever a trade is carried out successfully, both parties are winners. People will always win if they know what they are doing. And that’s what’s happening between China and Pakistan."
“對中國來說是好事，”米勒-懷特說。雖然一些人會感到很震驚，但人們會慢慢習慣中國的這種成功。 然而他忠告所有企業, 特別是那些以境外投資為主而非在自己國家投資的企業, 遇到挫折在所難免。沒有人能確保每個和“一帶一路”相關的項目都能成功盈利; 因此, 他認為 “一帶一路” 倡議應被視為一個世紀工程。
Meanwhile, Milligan-Whyte says that he believes the initiative is good for China. "Even though it’s shocking to some people, they will get used to its success." However, he warns that any business—especially one devoted to one thing—investing abroad instead of in its own home base, is often going to experience setbacks. No one can say every Belt and Road project has to be a brilliant financial success; therefore, he thinks the Belt and Road Initiative should be looked at as a century-long project.
▲ 2017年1月18日，在經歷18天的旅程之後，來自中國東部浙江省義烏市的一列貨運列車抵達了英國倫敦東部的巴金。（圖片/新華社）
A freight train from Yiwu City in east China’s Zhejiang Province, arrives in Barking, east London, Britain, on Jan. 18, 2017. After its 18-day journey, the first freight train from China to Britain arrived in London. (Photo/Xinhua)
如何看待“一帶一路”倡議取得的成就？
How do People View the Achievement of the Belt and Road Initiative?
作為一個新的開放包容的國際合作平臺，“一帶一路”將為共建國家帶來新的發展機遇，改善沿線國家基礎設施，促進貿易、金融的發展，為人文交流增添活力。自“一帶一路”倡議提出以來，已有100多個國家和國際組織簽署了“一帶一路”方面的合作協議，聯合國也已經通過了三項有關決議，呼籲國際社會通過“一帶一路”建設加強合作。
As an open and inclusive new platform for international cooperation, Belt and Road construction will bring new development opportunities to countries along its routes and help improve infrastructure, as well as promote trade, finance, and people-to-people exchanges. Since its introduction, more than 100 countries and international organizations have signed Belt and Road cooperation agreements and the United Nations has passed three related resolutions, calling on the international community to strengthen cooperation through Belt and Road construction.
▲ 哈佛大學肯尼迪政府學院前院長、教授格雷厄姆·艾利森
Graham Allison, Political Scientist and Professor at John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard
這項倡議一定程度上會提升中國的國際影響力，哈佛大學肯尼迪政府學院前院長、教授格雷厄姆·艾利森表示。如果有一班從上海開往荷蘭鹿特丹的高鐵，貨物運輸速度非常快，一天或一天半到達，這將是一件非常棒的事。
"The initiative will be a source of influence in China", says Graham Allison, a professor at John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He thinks that if there can be a high-speed rail that runs from Shanghai to Rotterdam that moves goods in a day or a day and a half, it would be fantastic.
“這才剛剛開始。好比一個孩童去上學，他以後會變成什麼樣呢?他會慢慢成長為一名少年、青年。中國人現在還不能評判這項倡議的成就，這應該留給後人來評判。”米勒-懷特說。
“The initiative has just started”, says Milligan-Whyte, adding that it is like a youngster going off to school. He has never been to school and has no idea what the people will be like, but he will learn and become a teenager and then a young adult. "People in China must not judge its success only today. Their grandchildren will be the ones to discuss and understand its achievements", said Milligan-Whyte.
洞見：全球視角看中國
撰文 / China Focus團隊
圖片 / China Focus、新華社
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