高考英語冠詞必考知識點及經典解析

冠詞幾乎是每年高考英語試題中的必考知識點,所以正確掌握冠詞的用法非常重要,今天小編就和大家講講冠詞的用法,希望你們可以熟練掌握~


冠詞的概念:冠詞是置於名詞前並限定名詞意義的虛詞。英語中的冠詞只有定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種,其中定冠詞只有the這一種形式,不定冠詞只有a和an這兩種形式。名詞前若不用冠詞時,又稱作零冠詞。不定冠詞之所以冠以“不定”兩字,就是因為它的主要特點就是“不確定”或“泛指”;定冠詞之所以冠以“定”字,就是因為它的主要特點是“確指”或“特指”。


高考英語冠詞必考知識點及經典解析

點擊添加圖片描述(最多60個字)編輯


1.不定冠詞的用法

不定冠詞有兩個,a 和 an。a用在輔音開頭(不是輔音字母,是音標)的單詞前面;an用於以元音開頭(不是元音字母,是音標)的單詞前。如:a book, an apple;

a university,an hour.

1) 不定冠詞用在單數可數名詞前表示“一個”。

There is an apple on the table.

桌上有個蘋果。

2) 不定冠詞用在單數可數名詞之前,表示“任何,每個”。如:

A student must study hard.

學生必須努力學習。

3)不定冠詞用於某些固定短語中。如:

have a try試一下

take a break 休息一下

have a good time 玩得痛快

make a living 謀生

as a matter of fact 事實上

in a word 總而言之

2. 定冠詞的用法

1) 定冠詞和名詞連用,表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。如:

Mother carved the meat into slices.

媽媽把肉切成了片。

2) 定冠詞用於形容詞

前,表示一類人或東西。如:

The rich become richer.富人更富了

3) 定冠詞用於第二次出現的名詞之前。如:

I got an apple yesterday. The apple was very sweet.

昨天我得了一蘋果,那個蘋果很甜。

4) 定冠詞用於指說話雙方都知道的人或事。如:

Please close the door.請把門關上。

5) 定冠詞用於(名山大川、江河湖海、沙漠、國家、公共建築)世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:

the sun 太陽

the earth 地球

the world世界

the Changjiang River長江

6) 定冠詞用於序數詞前表示順序。如:

the second group 第二組

7) 定冠詞用於形容詞和副詞的最高級前面。如:

This is the most intersting story I have ever heard. 這是聽過的最好聽的故事。

8)定冠詞在play後和樂器連用

play the piano彈鋼琴

9)定冠詞與姓氏的複數形式連用,表示一家人。如:

The Blacks are very kind.

布萊克一家非常的友善

3.不用冠詞的情況

1) 表示球類、棋類的運動項目不加冠詞。如:

play football 踢足球 play chess下象棋

2) 在一日三餐名詞前不用冠詞。如:

have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯

3) 交通工具名詞前不用冠詞

by car坐汽車 by ship 坐船

by plane坐飛機 on foot 步行

5) 在一些地點的名詞,如:bed, church, school, hospital,home, work等。當人們去這些地方做在這些地方應該做的事時,不加冠詞。

go home回家 go to school去上學 go to church去教堂祈禱

in hospital住院 go to work上班

注:如果在上述詞組前面加上定冠詞the,可以表示去這些場所做其他的事情。如:

He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.他來學校和校長談話。

He went to the church to see the carvings.他去教堂看雕刻。

His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.

他媽媽生病住院了,他就一直在醫院裡面照顧她。

4.泛指概念的四種表達方式

1) 不帶the 的不可數名詞和複數名詞可以表示泛指

I like music.我喜歡音樂。

the apples are red.

3) “the+單數可數名詞”可以表示泛指

The fox is very cunning 狐狸是很狡猾的。

4) “不定冠詞a/an+單數可數名詞” 可以表示泛指。

A dog makes good friend.狗是很好的朋友。

Ⅰ.單句語法填空

1.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Instead,she is earning £6,500 aday as __ model in New York.

2.(2017·浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was __wonder.

3.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Giveyour body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

4.(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Thenursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed, __other is with mum — she never suspects.

5.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even__most modern of architects and engineers.

6.(2015·廣東高考)He owned___farm, which looked almost abandoned.

7.(2014·廣東高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on___ top floor.

8.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Now,years later, this river is one of____ most outstanding examples of environmental clean up.

Ⅱ.單句改錯

1.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.

2.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.

3.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.

4.(2016·四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.

5.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop ...he turned around and found his parents were missing. Tony was scared and began to cry. A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.

6.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean and the mountains are green.

7.(2015·浙江高考)On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.

8.(2014·全國卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.

9.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.

10.(2014·遼寧高考)Besides,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.

真題答案解析

Ⅰ.單句語法填空

1.解析:a 此處意為“作為紐約的一名模特”,在單數可數名詞model前應該使用不定冠詞a,表示“一,一名”。

2.解析:awonder表示“奇蹟,奇事”時為可數名詞,此處為泛指,故要用不定冠詞a。

3.解析:afor a while為固定搭配,意為“一會兒”。

4.解析:the 此處表示雙胞胎大熊貓中的另一隻,兩者之間的“另一個”應該使用the other。

5.解析:the 在形容詞最高級的前面用定冠詞the。

6.解析:a 此處指一個農場,表示泛指,故用不定冠詞a。

7.解析:theon the top floor為固定搭配,意為“在頂層”。

8.解析:the 此空後面的“most outstanding”是最高級的形式,故應填定冠詞the。

Ⅱ.單句改錯

1.解析:first前加the/my 表示“第幾天”,序數詞前要加定冠詞the或者用限定詞進行修飾。

2.解析:第一個a→an/one hour的讀音以元音音素開頭,且是可數名詞,所以表示一個小時用an/one hour。

3.解析:去掉the at first “起初”,為固定短語。

4.解析:kitchen前加the 此處特指我們家的廚房。

5.解析:outside後的a→the 此處用定冠詞特指上文提到的商店。

6. 解析:countryside前加the in the countryside“在鄉村”,為固定短語。

7.解析:hurry前加a in a hurry“匆匆忙忙”,為固定短語。

8.解析:去掉第一個the 此處為泛指,不表示特指,故去掉the。

9.解析:As後加a as a result“結果”,為固定搭配。

10.解析:第一個a→an an average of ...“平均有……”,為固定搭配。

高考英語冠詞必考知識點及經典解析

點擊添加圖片描述(最多60個字)編輯


附錄


① 定冠詞的常用搭配

on the way 即將到達

by the way 順便說一下

in the end 終於,最後

on the whole 總的來說

in the distance 在遠處

not in the least=not at all 一點也不,毫不

on the left 在左邊

in the way 擋路

in the future 在將來

all the year round 全年

on the side of 在……的一邊

in the morning在早上

out of the question 不可能

in the air 在傳播中

be on the air 正在廣播

in the dark 在暗處

in the sun 在陽光下

on the spot 馬上

at the same time 同時

at the moment 此刻

on the decrease下降

to the point 切題

to tell the truth 說實話

make the most(best) of 充分利用

in the daytime 在白天

in the habit of 有……的習慣,常常

on the one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面

go to the cinema 去電影院

the other day 前幾天

for the time being 暫且

on the left 在左邊

on the contrary 相反

in the middle of 在……中間

at the age of 在……歲時

at the very start 一開始

from the behind 從後面

to the right 朝右邊

to the amount of 總計達

in the east of 在一定範圍以內的東部

to the east of 在一定範圍以外的東部,但是不相鄰

on the east of 在一定範圍以外的東部且緊緊相鄰

to the full 完全的,充分的

② 不定冠詞的常用搭配


a.介詞或副詞短語類

at a time 每次

for a time (短的)一段時間

for a while 一會兒

in a moment 一會兒

in a way 在某種程度上

at a distance 從遠處

in a loud voice 大聲地

all of a sudden 突然

in a word 總之

as a rule 通常

as a result 結果

as a whole 作為一個整體

once in a while 偶爾

at a loss 不知所措

with a view to 為了

with a will 堅決地

in a hurry 匆忙地

as a matter of fact 事實上

a moment ago 剛才

twice a week 每週兩次

b.動詞短語類

come to an end 結束

catch a cold 得了感冒

take an interest in 對……感興趣

take a seat 坐下

take a walk 散步

take a bow 謝幕

make a fire 生火

make a fool of 愚弄

make a study of 研究

make a fortune 發財

make a living 謀生

make a decision 做決定

make an effort 做出努力

make a choice 做選擇

have a cold 得了感冒

have a word with 與……談話

③ 零冠詞


a.對稱名詞搭配類

arm in arm 臂挽臂地

day by day 一天一天地

day after day 日復一日地

from door to door 挨家挨戶地

from time to time 不時地

heart and soul 全心全意地

hand in hand 手拉手

face to face 面對面

one by one 一個接一個地

side by side 肩並肩地

step by step 逐步地

year after year 年復一年地

little by little 逐漸地

shoulder to shoulder 肩並肩地

b.介詞短語搭配類

by way of 經由

at first 起初

in common 相同的

at desk 在辦公

in detail 詳細地

at table 吃飯

at last 終於

at night 在夜晚

at sea 在海上

in debt 負債

in trouble 陷入困境

in place of 代替

at dawn 在黎明

at hand 臨近

on purpose 故意地

by accident 偶然地

by day/ night 在白天/夜晚

by ari/ water/ land 乘飛機/ 乘船/ 走路

by chance 碰巧

in class 在課堂上

in person 親自

in return 作為回報

in sight of 親自

on fire 在燃燒

on trial 受審判

out of place 不適當的

out of date 過時的

out of question 毫無疑問

on account of 因為

c.動詞短語搭配類

keep in mind 記在心上

leave word 留言

learn by heart 記住

go to work 去上班

make friends with 與...交友

catch fire 著火

catch sight of 看到

take place 發生


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