倒裝句
一.概念:
英語句子通常有兩種語序:一種主語在前,謂語在後,稱為自然語序,另一種謂誤在前,主語在後,稱為倒裝語序
二.相關知識點精講
按“主語+ 謂語” 這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序。如果排列順序變為“謂語（ 或謂語一部分）+主語”，就是倒裝。倒裝句分為：
完全倒裝：整個謂語移至主語前面叫完全倒裝 。
部分倒裝：只把助動詞、系動詞或情態動詞放在主語之前叫部分倒裝 。
三、作用
通常是希望強調句中的某一部分
1. 當以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副詞開頭的句子，為了起到強調的作用，可構成倒裝句，只把副詞放在句首，主語和謂語位置調換，不加助動詞。
Our teacher came in.
In came our teacher.
這種倒裝要求：主語必須是名詞。主語是人稱代詞時，主語和謂語語序不變。
Here it is.
Away he went.
這類倒裝句式一般只用一般現在時和一般過去時。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
2. how, then, just, often 表示時間的副詞放在句首，可構成倒裝句，只把副詞放在句首，主語和謂語位置調換，不加助動詞。
Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.
3. 表地點狀語的介詞短語放在句首，要用倒裝句式，以示強調。
這種倒裝句也是主謂直接調換位置，不加助動詞did, does或do.
Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
4. there放在句首時，要用倒裝句式。
在“there + be”結構中的謂語動詞有時不用be , 而用表示類似“存在”觀念的其他不及物動詞。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
In front of the tower flews a stream.
5. so + 動詞+主語
neither/ nor + 動詞+主語
表示兩人的同樣一個情況時，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的動詞、時態要一致。
否則要用so it is with…
You can ride a bike. So can I .
He has been to Beijing. So have I .
The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
6. so+ 形容詞/副詞that 的結構狀語從句可以用正常語序表示，也可以把so+形容詞/副詞放於句首構成倒裝。句型如下：so +形容詞/副詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞that +從句。
Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.
7. done做形容詞在句中做表語時，常把表語放在句首，要用倒裝句式。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
8. 否定副詞not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放於句首時要用倒裝句式。
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
9. hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常語序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒裝句式Hardly had + 主語+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用過去完成時。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
10. not only… but also 如連接兩個成分時，不用倒裝；連接句子時， 前面的句子要用倒裝。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
11. only 及所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時，要用：
only+ 狀語+ be /助動詞/情態動詞+主語及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
12. 虛擬語氣中的倒裝句
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
1. No sooner ________ themselves in their seats in the theatre ________ the curtain went up.
A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; than
C. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than
2. I wonder if your girl friend will go to the ball. If she ________ , so ________ mine.
A. does; does B. does; will C. will; does D. would; will
3. It’s necessary that not only ________ to see a doctor but also stay at home for a good sleep.
A. Bob should go B. did Bob go C. Bob’s going D. should Bob go
4. In ________ , but out ________ again.
A. came the teacher; he went B. came the teacher; went he
C. did the teacher come; he went D. the teacher came; went he
5. It’s beyond description. Nowhere else in the world ________ such a quiet, beautiful place.
A. can there be B. you can find C. there can be D. can find you
6. Not until Dec. 2003 ________ caught by the US soldiers, and it was a great victory for the USA.
A. was Saddam Hussein B. Saddam Hussein was
C. had Saddam Hussein been D. Saddam Hussein had been
7. Only after ________ his homework ________ to watch TV.
A. he has finished; is he allowed B. has he finished; is he allowed
C. he has finished; he is allowed D. has he finished; he is allowed
8. Form then on we never saw her again, nor ________ from her.
A. heard we B. had we heard C. we have heard D. did we hear
9. “Never ________ to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the discussion” explained Jim.
A. I expected B. expected I C. had I expected D. did I expect
10. ________ our bus; we’ll have to wait for the next.
A. Does there go B. It goes C. There goes D. Does it go
11. －It was careless of you to have left your new bike outside all night.
－My god! ________ .
A. So did I B. So I did C. So was I D. So were you
12. What a naughty boy he was! ________ .
A. Down jumped he from the desk B. From the desk jumped he down
C. He down jumped from the desk D. Down he jumped from the desk
13. On the opposite wall ________ one map ________ dozens of pictures.
A. hang; including B. are hung; together with
C. is hanged; with D. is hanging; as well as
14. You can never use my computer. At no time ________ that machine.
A. you should touch B. should you touch
C. touch should you D. you touch
15. Not until all the fish died in the river ________ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
【答案解析】
1. B. 因為以否定詞或半否定詞開頭的句子，要用部分倒裝，排除A和D。另外，no sooner…than…(一…就…)是固定答搭配，且no sooner分句中的謂語通常用過去完成時，而than分句中的謂語用一般過去時。
2. B. 因為由前句判現在還沒有去舞會，是將來時態；又因為在條件狀語從句中要用一般現在時代替一般將來時，所以正確答案是B。If she does, so will mine. =If she goes to the ball, my girl friend will go, too.
3. D. 當not only…but also…不是連接兩個不同的主語時，以not only開頭的句子要用部分倒裝，排除A和C。又因為it is necessary後的that從句一般要用should +動詞原形，所以只有D正確。
4. A. 主句是名詞時，其後要倒裝，但是代詞時不用倒裝。
5. A. 因為是nowhere否定詞，以否定詞開頭的句子，要用部分否定。
6. A. 因為以否定詞not until開頭的句子要用部分倒裝，排除B和D；又因為2003年12月是過去時間，用一般過去時，所以選A。
7. A. 因為“only+狀語”放在句首時，句子要用部分倒裝；但這個“狀語”是從句時，從句不要倒裝，所以只有A正確。
8. D. 因為“nor +情態動詞、助動詞或be+主語”表示“…也不”之意，又由前文的saw可知hear也是一般過去時態，所以用助動詞did。
10. C. 因為以here, there, up, down, in, out, now, then, away, off等副詞開頭時，常用完全倒裝。句意是：我們要坐的公共汽車走了，我們將不得不等下一輛。
11. B. 因為這裡不是表示“…也一樣”，而是對對方所言表示贊同：“的確如此”，所以不用倒裝。
12. D. 句子以副詞down開頭，本來應該要用完全倒裝，但由於主語為代詞，所以不用倒裝。
13. D. 因為以作狀語的介詞短語開頭，句子要用完全倒裝；又hang作“(某物) 懸掛在”解是不及物動詞，不用於被動語態，排除B和C；又因one map與dozens of pictures沒有包含關係，排除A。
14. B. 因為以否定詞at no time(永不, 在任何時候都不)開頭，句子要用部分倒裝。
15. A. 因為以否定詞not until開頭，句子用部分倒裝。
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