名詞性從句是指在句中起名詞作用的從句，它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

如：

Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主語從句）

I don’t know what he means.（賓語從句，用在動詞後）

I’m glad that you are here.（賓語從句，用在形容詞之後）

The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介詞賓語從句）

That was because he was ill.（表語從句）

The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位語從句）

基本知識與基本概念

1.主語從句

顧名思義，主語從句在句子中作主語。有時本身出現在主語的位置上，也有時出於句子結構的考慮退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主語it代替。從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般為單數形式。如:

What I saw was beyond any verbal description.

That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.

Why the company denied the contract is still unknown.

When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.

It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.

It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received.

2.賓語從句

在句子中作賓語的從句就是賓語從句。由於這是同學們接觸比較早的一種從句，應該問題不大。所以在近年的高考題中，以賓語從句的知識作為考點的題目較少。但是，賓語從句也有自己的特殊情況，如介詞的賓語，形容詞的賓語，賓語從句提前和並列的賓語從句等現象。如：

We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests.

He told the police in detail what he saw and heard.

Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years.

That will depend on whether they can get the chance.

Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. （賓語從句提前）

The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. （並列的賓語從句）

3.表語從句

表語從句的最重要結構就是它們應該出現在系動詞的後面。如：

The only question left is how often the workers are paid.

His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating.

4.同位語從句

從結構上看，同位語從句最為麻煩。因為它們也是出現在一個名詞的後面，起著解釋說明的作用。有點像定語從句。這個點是許多學生容易混淆的地方。（可以參考我之前的文章）

但是，只有我們能把握住關鍵，即：定語從句的先行詞在從句中必須作一個成分，並且這個成分應該是個空白，也就是說，定語從句必須缺少成分。這一點恰恰是同位語從句所不能做到的。同位語從句前面的名詞在從句中是沒有位置的。況且，也不是所有的名詞後面都會跟同位語從句，只有那些“有內容的名詞”才需要解釋。如fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt等。如：

That fact that the policeman didn’t fire at the man at all was ignored.

Do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom.

The possibility that we can work at home makes everybody excited.

Note: 連接代詞、連接副詞和連接詞

通過以上介紹，我們可以看出，四種名詞性從句都需要有一個連接性詞在從句的開頭。這個詞是什麼性質，要看它在從句中作作的成分，

如果作的是主語、賓語、表語的話，這個詞就是連接代詞；如果作的是各種狀語，就叫連接副詞；如果不作任何成分，就叫連接詞。

1. 連接詞 that, if, whether

2.連接代詞 who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever

3.連接副詞 when, where, how, why

考點分類解析

考點一：語序問題

名詞性從句的語序問題一直斷斷續續地在各地高考題目中出現，由此可見其重要性。其實說來非常簡單易記：永遠陳述語氣。即名詞性從句中不會出現助動詞提前的現象。如：

Who he is doesn’t matter much.

When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.

I don’t know what his name is.

I don’t know what is wrong with him. = I don’t know what is the matter with him.

You can’t imagine how excited I was at that time.

Can you tell me what size shoes you wear?

請看下面選擇題

No one can be sure ______ in a million years.

A. what will man look likeB. what man will look like

C. man will look like whatD. what look will man like

答案：B。這個題就是典型的考查賓語從句的語序問題。根據以上所述，應該是陳述語序。所以A、C兩個選項就不可能了。而D選項明顯不符合我們的語言習慣。

考點二：that和what的區別問題

能引導名詞性從句的關係代詞有who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever八個。為何單獨講what的用法呢？重要！在考試中出現的頻率高！而且同學們最容易混淆。

再強調一遍：what是不能引導定語從句的。定語從句中如果缺少的成分是主語、賓語、表語，我們選擇的是關係代詞that或其他。現在山頭換了，到了名詞性從句的知識範圍了。What在名詞性從句中就很有用武之地了。還是分析成分，what 在從句中作的主語、賓語、表語。而that只是一個“連接詞”，既不作什麼成分，也沒有什麼意義!（記住！！！）

如:

What we have seen is different from _______.

A. we heardB. we have heardC. what we heardD. what we have heard

答案為D

I couldn’t agree with ______ at the meeting.

A. that you saidB. which you saidC. all what you saidD. what you said

答案為D

考點三：that和whether的區別問題

有時候，它們兩個比較難以區別，因為，它們都是連接詞，都在從句中不作成分。但是，它們之間最大的區別在於“意義”。即that在從句中既不作成分，也沒有自己的意義；而whether就不同了。它雖然不在從句中作什麼成分，但是它又意義，即“是否”。這就能夠左右從句的意思，使從句所表達的意思變成一個還沒有確定的因素。

如：

I don’t know whether he can join us or not.

I’m sure that he can join us.

It is none of your business whether I love her.

It is none of your business that I don’t love her.

綜上所述，區分that還是whether，重要一點就是看主句需要從句表達一個什麼意思，是確定的，還是不確定的；是事實還是疑問。前者選that，後者選whether。如：

I have no doubt _____ Mr. Johnson will make it here on time.

A. that B. whether C. why D. when

答案：Ａ。這個題之所以選擇that，就是因為前面的I have no doubt（毫無疑問），這樣

的主句已經不再需要從句表達什麼“是否”了。

No one can be sure _____ the board will accept our conditions.

A. that B. whether C. why D. what

答案：Ｂ。　這個題中的No one can be sure（沒有人能肯定）就要求從句表達一個“董

事會能否接受我們的條件”的意思，而不能是一個既定的事實。

考點四：if和whether的區別問題

二者在引導賓語從句時都有“是否”之意。但並不是永遠可以互換。一般認為，二者可　

以互換的環境也只有在賓語從句中。如：

He didn’t give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.

而在介詞的賓語從句中，在主語從句中，在表語從句中，在同位語從句中，在和不定式搭配的結構中等等，習慣上只能用whether。

如：

　1. _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where

　2. The question of _______ they are old or young is not important.

A. whichB. whetherC. howD. if

　3. The question is ______ the film is worth seeing.

A. ifB. whatC. whetherD. how

4. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.

A. ifB. whenC. whetherD. how

5. The news _____ our team has won the match is unknown.

A. whichB. ifC. whetherD. then

　值得注意的是：有些資料依然強調if不能與or not搭配的問題。過去有過這樣的規定，只是在現代英語中，已經不再強調了而已。現在認為if… or not也可以接受。（為保險起見，考試時還是不要用if… or not）

考點五：wh-詞和wh-ever的區別問題

一般認為，wh-詞在引導從句時，依然保留了很大部分的疑問詞的本色，所以，它們引導的從句在意思上應該表達的是一個“問題”，如：“誰？什麼？何時？何地？為何？怎麼？”等。而wh-ever已經沒有這層色彩，不再關心這樣的“問題”，而是充滿了讓步的意味，多有“無論．．．”之意。如：

The police wanted to know who will benefit most from the old man’s death.

警方想知道誰將從老人的去世中受益最多。

Whoever will benefit from the old man’s death will be questioned by the police.

能從老人的去世之中受益的所有人都將受到警方的盤問。

Who will be sent to help the people in the flooded areas hasn’t been announced.

誰將被派往洪災區去救援還沒有宣佈。

Whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to help 　

the people in need. 不管是誰被派往災區救援都會全力以赴地幫助災民。

考點六：no matter wh-和wh-ever的區別問題

二者都有“無論．．．”之意。在引導讓步狀語從句時確實可以互換，沒有什麼區別。但是，no matter wh-只能引導狀語從句，不能引導名詞性從句。Wh-ever則二者兼收，來去自由。由此包含與被包含的關係決定，二者同時出現而必選其一時，答案肯定是wh-ever。如：

Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (主語從句)

Whoever/ No matter who breaks the rules, he/she will be punished. (狀語從句)

Don’t believe whatever he tells you. (賓語從句)

Don’t believe him, whatever/ no matter what he tells you. (狀語從句)

考點七：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣問題

先看賓語從句的虛擬語氣。一般說來，如果從句作的是表示說話人某種觀點、態度或要求等語氣的動詞的賓語時，從句中要求用should＋動詞原形的虛擬語氣（should經常可以省略）。這些動詞常見的有：desire, demand, require, request, order, propose, command, advise, suggest等。如：

例：He insisted that she （should）spend more time studying.

He demanded that we （should）be on time.

The boss required that all waiters (should) keep standing all day long.

The publishing house suggested that I (should) type my book out.

　有兩個特例是高中老師不願意錯過的。那就是suggest和insist。它們倆後面的賓語從句是否用虛擬語氣還要看具體語境來定。如：

　The doctor suggested that I had a cold。　

(這個suggest的意思是“解釋，說明”。後面不用虛擬語氣)

The big smiles on her face suggested that she had passed the test.

(這個suggest的意思是“表明”。後面不用虛擬語氣)

　The doctor suggested that I (should) stay in bed for a few day.

(這個suggest的意思是“建議”。後面用虛擬語氣)

　The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army.

(這個insist堅持的是一個事實不是一種觀點。後面不用虛擬語氣)

　That young man insisted that he should be sent to the front.

(這個insist堅持的是一種觀點，即“他應該被派往前線”。後面用虛擬語氣)

以上是賓語從句中的虛擬語氣現象。如果是其他三種名詞性從句，只要和上述動詞有關，也享受同樣的待遇。如：

　 The headquarters’ suggestion is that we (should) wait for another few days. (表語從句)

　 His order that all the soldiers (should) swim across the river was refused. (同位語從句)

　 It is strongly recommended that you (should) take a taxi. (主語從句)　

另外，在下面這幾個特殊的句型中，後面的主語從句也用虛擬語氣。

a. It is important/ necessary/ natural/ a wonder/ essential（必要的）/suggested that…should do… 如：

　It is important that you （should）be on time.

It is necessary that you (should) exercise regularly.

b. I wish that … did…. 如：

I wish I were a bird.

I wish one day I could live on the moon.

c. I’d rather that… did… 如：

I’d rather you did it yourself.

I’d rather I hadn’t lent you that bicycle yesterday.

考點八：賓語從句的反意疑問句的問題

眾所周知，反意疑問句是由句子的謂語和主語的代詞形式共同構成。如：

He is ignorant, isn’t he?

He isn’t strong, is he?

但是，如果前面的句子中含有賓語從句，怎麼辦？答案是一定針對主句的主語、謂語。如：

You know he is ignorant, don’t you?

I told you he isn’t strong, didn’t I?

有一種例外，當主句的主語是I,且謂語動詞是表示觀點的動詞如think, believe, suppose, expect, am afraid等時，就只能針對從句反問了。因為沒有人會對自己的觀點嗎上進行反詰。如：

I think he is ignorant, isn’t he?

I believe he isn’t strong, is he?

考點九：it在名詞性從句中的作用問題

代詞it的用法有很多。但近幾年的高考關注的卻比較集中，即it作為普通回指代詞的用法和在名詞性從句中作形式賓語和形式主語的用法。如：

作形式主語：

It worried me a bit that he didn’t phone.

It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.

It doesn’t matter when you arrive--- just come when you can.

It wasn’t clear to anyone why he didn’t come.

It was surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.

作形式賓語：

I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.

I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.

I think it important that we should keep calm.

Don’t take it for granted that your parents should do everything for you.

He doesn’t want it to be known that he’s going away.

You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.

考點十：主語從句和強調句型的混淆問題

從表面上看，it作形式主語的主語從句有時候和強調句型有些相似。如：

It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us. (主語從句)

It is with Tom’s help that we were able to persuade him to join us. (強調句型)

其實，強調句型其實很簡單，即在It is/was 與that之間放上我們想要強調的某個句子成分。大部分考題都是考查that的選擇問題。即考查考生判斷某句是否是強調句型的問題。這個看似容易的問題在出題人的多種變化之下有時也會變得很令人頭疼。下面是幾種常見的出題形式：

1．基本式：

It was on the top of the mountain

that we met the foreign tourist.

2. 一般疑問句式：

Was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist?

3. 特殊疑問句式：

Where was it that you met the foreign tourist?

4．複合句式：

Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist?

5．套定語從句式：

It was in the house which was built by his father that he was born.

6. 套定語從句加省略式：

--- Where did you meet the foreign tourist?

--- It was in the hotel where we lived (that we met the foreign tourist).

判斷一個句子是否是強調句型是個關鍵。這裡重要思路是當去掉強調句型、各個成分各歸其位以後，該句子是否還成立。下面幾個例子就不是強調句型：

It was not yet seven o’clock

when he came back last night.

因為，*He came back last night not yet seven o’clock.就不是個正確的句子。

--- I heard that Tom was once almost drowned. When was that?

--- It was in 2000 when he was swimming in a pool.

同理，*He was swimming in a pool in 2000. 從邏輯上看也不成立。因為，我們不可能一整年都在游泳。

練一練吧

1. America was ________ was called “India” by Columbus.

A. that B. where C. what D. the place

2. --- I’d like to invite you to a concert this evening.

--- Thank you, but ______ I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.

A. while B. if C. when D. whether

3. I kept looking at the man, wondering ______________.

A. whether I have seen him before B. where I had seen him before

C. that I had seen him before D. when I had seen him before

4. You have not yet answered my question ________ I can join in the party tonight.

A. whether B. if C. which D. that

5. Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while B. that C. when D. as

6. A computer can only do _______ you have instructed it to do.

A. how B. after C. what D. when

7. It is a common belief _______ teenagers today know about computers and are familiar ______ using them in all aspects of life.

A. that; out B. what; with C. that; with D. what; about

8. Don’t leave for tomorrow _______ you can do today.

A. if B. what C. that D. unless

9. Was it because it rained yesterday ______ he didn’t come?

A. why B. when C. then D. that

10. ______ all the inventions have in common is ______ they have succeeded.

A. What; what B. That; that C. What; that D. That; that

11. --- What clothes should we wear to attend the ball?

--- Dress _______ you like.

A. what B. however C. whatever D. how

12. ________ has ridden on a railway train knows how _____ another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction.

A. Anyone who; rapid B. Whoever; rapidly

C. Anything; rapid D. Whatever; rapidly

13. We believe _______ you have devoted yourself ________ sure to come true.

A. that; is B. all that; to be C. that all; are D. what; to is

14. You may give the film ticket to _______ you think needs it.

A. no matter who B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter whom

15. Was it in 1998, when he was still at middle school, ______ this boy became expert at computer?

A. which B. where C. when D. that

16. It was ______ he came to Macao ______ he knew what kind of place it was.

A. that; when B. until; that C. not until; when D. not until; that

17. All finished, we sat down to enjoy ______ we thought the most delicious dinner.

A. that B. which C. what D. it

18. It was not until he explained it a second time _______ it.

A. when we understood B. that we understood

C. did we understand D. that did we understand

19. The Beaches held _____ they called “family day” once each year.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

20. --- How did he fail the examination?

--- It was because he was too careless _______ he made so many mistakes.

A. therefore B. that C. so that D. so

21. In some countries, ______ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights fro all people.

A. that B. what C. which D. how

22. --- ______ helps others will be helped.

--- So I’ll be thankful to and try to help _______ has helped us.

A. Whoever; whomever B. Whoever; whoever

C. Who; whoever D. Who; whomever

23. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _______ worries the public.

A. why B. which C. that D. what

24. It was not until dark _______ he found ________ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.

A. that; what B. that; that C. when; what D. when; that

25. The question came up at the meeting _______ we had enough money for our research.

A. that B. what C. which D. whether

26. _______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.

A. If B. That C. When D. Because

27. ______ we are doing has never been done before.

A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether

28. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _______ more than 10,000 years ago.

A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now

C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska

29. Please tell me ______ you would like to have your coffee ---- black or white?

A. what B. where C. which D. how

30. Many workers were organized to clear away _______ remained of the World Trade center.

A. those B. that C. what D. where

答案 ：1-5 CDBAB 6-10 CCBDC 11-15 BBDCD 16-20 DCBCB 21-25 BBDAD

26-30 BBDDC

本文參考百度文庫中bibosi2010老師的《高考英語【名詞性從句】》