【考研英語】現在分詞和過去分詞的區別

(1)在語態上現在分詞表示主動的意思,表示它所修飾的人或物的行為;及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動的意思,表示它所修飾的人或物是動作的承受者。換言之,現在分詞是它修飾的成分所作出的動作,過去分詞是它修飾的成分所承受的動作。

例如:

convincing facts 有說服力的事實 / convinced audience 被說服了的聽眾

the exploiting class 剝削階級 / the exploited class被剝削階級

a frightening dog一條讓人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一條被嚇壞了的狗

driving gears主動齒輪 / driven gears從動齒輪

(2)在時間上,現在分詞往往表示動作正在進行,過去分詞表示動作已完成。

例如:

the rising sun (正在升起的太陽) / the risen sun(升起的太陽)

the falling rain(正在下的雨)/ the fallen leaves(落下的樹葉)

stolen money(被盜的錢/偷來的錢)/ill-gotten wealth(不義之財)

a high-flying kite(高飛的風箏)

例子:

boiling water 沸騰的水/boiled water 開水/developing countries 發展中國家/developed countries 發達國家/an exciting story 令人激動的故事/ excited people 激動的人們

【考研英語】現在分詞和過去分詞的區別

(3)做表語時的不同。現在分詞做表語表示主語所具有的特徵,意思是“令人如何”。過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態,意思是“感到如何”。

例如:

His lecture is disappointing. I’m disappointed. 他的演講令人失望。我感到失望。

We are surprised to hear the news. The news is surprising. 我們聽到那消息吃了一驚。那消息令人吃驚。

The situation is encouraging. We’re encouraged. 形式使人鼓舞。我們感到鼓舞。

常用的還有:amusing/amused,astonishing/astonished,disappointing/disappointed,exciting/excited,frightening/frightened,interesting interested,moving/moved, relaxing/relaxed,satisfying/satisfied,shocking/shocked,surprising/surprised,terrifying/terrified,tiring/tired,worrying/worried等等。

(4)做狀語的區別,分詞短語在句中可做時間、原因、方式、伴隨狀語。現在分詞的動作和謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發生、意思是主動的。而過去分詞的動作在謂語動作之前發生、意思是被動的。

例如:

Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. 看到沒人在家,她決定給他們留個條。(主動意義,幾乎同時)

The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a speech for the president. 秘書工作到晚上很晚,給總統準備一篇演說。(主動意義,同時)

Tired of the noise, he closed the window. 對噪音感到厭煩,所以他把窗戶關上。(被動意義,在謂語之前)

Deeply moved, she thanked me again and again. 她深深地受了感動,再三謝我。(被動意義,在謂語之前)

Persuade by my mother, she gladly went there alone. 在我母親勸說下,她才高興地獨自去那裡。(被動意義,在謂語之前)

如果現在分詞的動作在謂語動作之前發生,現在分詞要用完成形式,但意思仍然是主動的。

例如:

Having watered the vegetables, they began to pick up the Apples.=After they had watered the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples.他們澆完了蔬菜之後就開始摘蘋果。

Having finished the work, he packed his tools and left. 完工後,他收拾起工具走了。

分詞做狀語時,前面可用連詞或介詞。

例如:

After eating my dinner quickly, I went to see Jim off. 我趕快吃過晚飯就去給吉姆送行。

Though built before the Second World War, the engine is still in good condition. 儘管是在二戰以前建的,這引擎仍然處於良好狀態。

Unless paying by credit card, please pay in cash. 如果不用信用卡付款,請用現金付。

Tom will never do this unless compelled. 湯姆永遠也不會幹這種事,除非被逼無奈。

She’s been quite different since coming back from America. 從美國回來後,她大變了。


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