be動詞，即am，is，αre，wαs，were，意思為"是"，是連接主語和表語的動詞，有時不譯。如，
I am a teacher.我是一個老師！
She is old.她年紀大了！
We are happy.我們很高興！
He was at home.他在家。
They were right.他們是對的！
be動詞有時跟其他動詞結合，形成各種時態和語態，叫助動詞！這時be動詞不單獨翻譯，沒有單獨的詞義！如下列句子：
I am going to see a movie this evening.我打算今晚看電影。
We are thinking of it.我們正在考慮！
He was sleeping in the bed.他正躺在床上！
They have been there twice.他們已去那兩次了！
The watch is made in Sweden.這表瑞士產的。
除be可作助動詞，do，does，did，will，sha1l，have，hαs，hαd也作助動詞，形成各種時態。
do和does是一般現在時的助動詞。形成否定句和疑問句，肯定句不需要,這時，do和does無詞義，不譯！
Do they live inBeijing?
Does Bob love his family?
We don't take art classes.
What do they have for dinner?
did是一般過去時的助動詞，形成否定句和疑問句，肯定句不需要,這時，did無詞義，不譯！
Dⅰd you stay at home？ 丫es，I did.
She didn't meet us.
will,shall是一般將來時態的助動詞，有詞義，表"將要"，"會"，如，Ⅰ will ride to work.
have.has 是現在完成時的助動詞，與其後的過去分詞結合成謂語，表示"已經...."不單獨翻譯！
I have seen this film.
He has gone home.
had是過去完成時的助動詞，與其後的過去分詞結合成謂語，表示"已經...."也不單獨翻譯！
I had left there before he arrived.
上述be動詞及其他助動詞的用法，需要仔細捉摸，結合句子理解才能掌握！
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