小學英語動詞、詞組、句型匯總歸納,開學複習必備!

小學英語動詞、詞組、句型彙總歸納,開學複習必備!

由動詞開頭構成的短語、詞組很多。複習時應分類處理:

一.動詞+介詞

1.look at…看…,look like … 看上去像……,look after …照料…

2.listen to…聽……

3.welcome to…歡迎到……

4.say hello to …向……問好

5.speak to…對……說話

此類短語相當於及物動詞,其後必須帶賓語,但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之後。如:

This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)

This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)

二.動詞+副詞

“動詞+副詞”所構成的短語義分為兩類:

A.動詞(vt.)+副詞

  1. put on 穿上 2.take off脫下 3.write down記下

此類短語可以帶賓語,賓語若是名詞,放在副詞前後皆可;賓語若是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面。試比較:

First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√)

First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)

First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)

B.動詞(vi)+副詞

1.come on趕快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家 4.come in進來 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立

此類短語屬於不及物動詞,不可以帶賓語。

三.其它類動詞詞組

1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games.

介詞短語聚焦

“介詞+名詞/代詞”所構成的短語稱為介詞短語。現將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。

1.in+語言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語言或穿著……。如:in English,in the hat

2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/隊/班級/年級”等。

3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段時間。

4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室裡”。

5.in the tree表示“在樹上 (非樹本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在樹上(為樹本身所有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees.(馬上點標題下“小升初”關注可獲取更多教育經驗、方法、學習資料,每天更新喲!)

6.in the wall表示“在牆上(凹陷進去)”;on the wall表示“在牆上(指牆的表面)”。如:There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall.

7.at work(在工作)/at school(上學)/at home(在家)應注意此類短語中無the。

8.at + 時刻表示鐘點。如:at six, at half , past ten.

9.like this/that表示方式,意為“像……這/那樣”。

10.of短語表示所屬關係。如:a picture of a classroom, a map of China.

11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等,表示方位、處所。如:beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.

12.from與to多表示方向,前者意為“從……”,後者意為“到……”。如:from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work.

另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。

重點句型大回放

1.I think…意為“我認為……”,是對某人或某事的看法或態度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,如:I think he’s Mr Zhinag. (L17)I don’t think you are right.

2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為“把……給……”,動詞give之後可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用give it/ them to sb. 如:

His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)

3.take sb./ sth. to…意為“把……(送)帶到……”,後常接地點,也可接人。如:

Please take the new books to the classroom.

4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為“一個是……;另一個是……”,必須是兩者中。如:One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey.

5.Let sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”,人後應用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內,後者不包括聽者在內,如:Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.

6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作賓補,後者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換。如:Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.

7.What about…?/How about…?意為“……怎麼樣?”是用來詢問或徵求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。about為介詞,其後須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。如:What/How playing chess?

8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意為“該做……的時間了”,其中to後須接原形動詞,for後可接名詞或V-ing形式。如:It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.

9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事”,如:Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一種句型側重具體的一次性的動作;後一種句型側重習慣性的動作,試比較:

Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.

10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.後應接動詞不定式,如:

Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)

11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為“把某物給某人看”,該句型的用法同前面第2點。如:

Show your friend your family photo.(L36)/Show your family photo to your friend.

12.introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人介紹給另一人”;introduce to sb.則是“向某人作介紹”。如:Introduce your family to her.


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