注：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU官網-犬種百科
23.12.2011 /EN
FCI-國際純種犬標準第 11 號
BULL TERRIER
牛頭梗犬
本圖片不一定代表此犬種的理想類型
ORIGIN: Great Britain.
起源：英國
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 05.07.2011.
正式生效標準發佈日期：2011年7月5日
UTILIZATION: Terrier.
用途：梗犬。
FCI-CLASSIFICATION:
Group 3 Terriers.
Section 3 Bull type Terriers.
Working trial optional.
FCI分組：
第3組：梗犬組
第3類：牛類梗
工作犬測試可選。
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY :
It was a certain James Hinks who first standardised the breed type in the 1850s, selecting the eggshaped head. The breed was first shown in its present form at Birmingham in 1862. The Bull Terrier Club was formed in 1887. The truly interesting thing about the breed is that the standard says quite deliberately, “There are neither weight nor height limits, but there should be the impression of maximum substance for size of dog consistent with quality and sex. Dog should at all times be balanced.”
A smaller example of the Bull Terrier has been known since the early 19th century but fell out of favour prior to the First World War and was removed from the Kennel Club Breed Register in 1918. In 1938, a revival was spearheaded by Colonel Richard Glyn and a group of fellow enthusiasts who formed the Miniature Bull Terrier Club. The standard is the same as that of the Bull Terrier with the exception of a height limit.
歷史沿革：
19世紀50年代，一個叫作詹姆斯•希金斯（James Hinks）的人選出頭部呈雞蛋形的牛頭梗犬，首次將此犬種類型標準化。1862年，該犬種初次以現有結構狀態在伯明翰參加展賽。1887年，牛頭梗犬俱樂部成立。關於此犬種真正有趣的是在該犬種標準中有這樣一句非常謹慎的描述，“牛頭梗犬既沒有體重的限制也沒有身高的限制，但犬隻尺寸、骨量應最大限度地符合犬隻級別和性別要求。不管何時，犬隻都應保持身體均衡。”
19世紀初期，一種較為小型的牛頭梗犬為人熟知，但卻在第一次世界大戰爆發之前失寵並於1918年從牛頭梗犬俱樂部犬種登記簿中移除。1938年，陸軍上校理查德•格林（Richard Glyn）及一群成立迷你牛頭梗犬俱樂部的積極分子帶頭掀起了小型牛頭梗犬的復興運動。除身高限制外，迷你牛頭梗犬的標準與牛頭梗犬犬種標準相同。
GENERAL APPEARANCE :
Strongly built, muscular, well balanced and active with a keen, determined and intelligent expression. A unique feature is a downfaced, egg-shaped head. Irrespective of size dogs should look masculine and bitches feminine.
整體外貌：
體格健壯，肌肉發達，體形勻稱，精力旺盛，熱情、堅定而聰明。獨特之處是頭部下斜、呈蛋形。無論大小，公犬外觀應具陽剛之氣，而母犬則顯陰柔之美。
BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT: Courageous, full of spirit, with a fun loving attitude. Of even temperament and amenable to discipline. Although obstinate is particularly good with people.
行為/秉性：牛頭梗犬號稱犬類的"鬥士"，好鬥、勇敢。性情溫和且守紀，頑劣倔強但與人相處良好。
HEAD: 頭部
HEAD: Long, strong and deep right to end of muzzle, but not coarse. Viewed from front egg-shaped and completely filled, its surface free from hollows or indentations. Profile curves gently downwards from top of skull to tip of nose.
頭部：長、結實且深至口吻末端，不粗糙。前視時如蛋形且豐滿，表面沒有凹陷或短缺。側視時，頭頂到鼻尖的曲線緩和向下。
CRANIAL REGION: 顱部區域
Skull: Top of skull almost flat from ear to ear.
頭骨：兩耳間的頭骨頂部近乎平坦。
FACIAL REGION: 面部區域
Nose: Should be black. Bent downwards at tip. Nostrils well developed.
鼻：應為黑色。鼻尖向下彎曲，鼻孔發育良好。
Lips: Clean and tight.
唇：乾燥，緊。
Jaws/Teeth: Under-jaw deep and strong. Teeth sound, clean, strong, of good size, regular with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i. e. upper teeth closely overlapping lower teeth and set square to the jaws.
頜/齒：下頜深而結實。牙齒健康、整潔、堅固、勻稱、排列有序，具有完美、規則而完整的剪狀咬合，即上頜緊扣下頜，成方形。
Eyes: Appearing narrow and triangular, obliquely placed, black or as dark brown as possible so as to appear almost black and with a piercing glint. Distance from tip of nose to eyes perceptibly greater than that from eyes to top of skull. Blue or partly blue undesirable.
眼睛：窄，斜，呈三角形，深陷，黑色或儘量為茶褐色。鼻尖到眼睛的距離略大於眼睛到頭骨頂部的距離。眼色為藍色或部分藍色不理想。
Ears: Small, thin and placed close together. Dog should be able to hold them stiffly erect, when they point straight upwards.
耳朵：小，薄，兩耳間距小。衝前向上時，應保持兩耳堅挺。
NECK: Very muscular, long, arched, tapering from shoulders to head and free from loose skin
頸部：肌肉發達，長，拱形，自雙肩向頭部漸細，皮膚不鬆弛。
BODY: 軀幹
Body：Well rounded with marked spring of rib and great depth from withers to brisket, so that latter nearer ground than belly.
頭骨：渾圓。肋骨拱形明顯，自肩隆向胸部深陷，因此前胸比腹部更接近地面。
Back：Short, strong, with backline behind withers level, arching or roaching slightly over loins.
背：短，結實，肩隆後的背線呈水平狀，腰部之上略呈弓形或拱形。
Loin: Broad, well muscled.
腰：寬，肌肉發達。
Chest: Broad when viewed from front.
胸：從前面看很寬。
Underline and belly: From brisket to belly forms a graceful upward curve.
腹線和腹部：自胸部至腹部形成一條優美的向上曲線。
TAIL: Short, set on low and carried horizontally. Thick at root, it tapers to a fine point.
尾：短，尾根低，平舉。根部粗，至尾尖漸細。
LIMBS: 四肢
FOREQUARTERS: 前軀
General appearance: Dog should stand solidly upon legs and they should be perfectly parallel. In mature dogs length of forelegs should be approximately equal to depth of chest.
整體外觀：站立時四肢牢固、平行。成年犬前肢長度應近似於前胸深度。
Shoulders : Strong and muscular without loading. Shoulder blades wide, flat and held closely to chest wall and have a very pronounced backward slope of front edge from bottom to top, forming almost a right angle with upper arm.
肩：結實、肌肉發達但不沉重。肩胛寬、平，接近胸壁，從下至上明顯向後傾斜，與上臂幾成直角。
Elbows: Held straight and strong.
肘：豎直、結實。
Forearm : Forelegs have strongest type of round, quality bone.
前臂：前肢結實豐滿、骨量足。
Metacarpus (Pastern): Upright.
掌骨（系部）：垂直。
Forefeet: Round and compact with well arched toes.
前足：豐滿緊湊，腳趾呈拱形。
LIMBS: 四肢
HINDQUARTERS: 後軀
General appearance : Hind legs parallel when viewed from behind.
整體外觀：從後面看後肢平行。
Upper Thighs:Muscular.
大腿：肌肉發達。
Stifle (Knee): Joint well bent.
膝蓋：關節適度彎曲。
Lower thigh : Well developed.
小腿：發育良好。
Hock joint: Well angulated.
跗關節：角度良好。
Metatarsus (rear pastern) : Bone to foot short and strong.
蹠骨（後肢系部）：到足部的骨骼短且結實。
Hind feet: Round and compact with well arched toes.
後足：豐滿緊湊，腳趾呈拱形。
GAIT/MOVEMENT:
When moving appears well knit, smoothly covering ground with free, easy strides and with a typical jaunty air. When trotting, movement parallel, front and back, only converging towards centre line at faster speeds, forelegs reaching out well and hind legs moving smoothly at hip, flexing well at stifle and hock, with great thrust.
步態/動態：
移動時呈現健壯之態，著地平穩，步幅輕盈、自信。小跑時，前後肢平行，並以更快的速度做中線匯合，前肢伸展自然，後肢在臀部運動平穩，膝關節和蹠部彎曲良好，後蹬有力。
SKIN: Fitting dog tightly.
皮膚：緊貼。
COAT: 被毛
Hair: Short, flat, even and harsh to touch with a fine gloss. A soft textured undercoat may be present in winter.
毛質：短，平坦，整齊，觸感粗糙，有光澤。冬天會有柔軟的底毛。
Colour: For White, pure white coat. Skin pigmentation and markings on head not to be penalised. For Coloured, colour predominates; all other things being equal, brindle preferred. Black brindle, red, fawn and tricolour acceptable. Tick markings in white coat undesirable. Blue and liver highly undesirable.
毛色: 白色類則被毛純白。頭部有色和斑也可。對於有色類而言，則以花色為主；其它均一樣，最好有斑紋。黑斑色，虎斑色，紅色，淺黃褐色以及三色也可。帶有條紋的白色被毛視為缺陷，藍色和深赤褐色非常不理想。
SIZE AND WEIGHT: 尺寸和重量
There are neither weight nor height limits, but there should be the impression of maximum substance for size of dog consistent with quality and sex.
高度和重量方面無具體限制，但犬隻大小、骨量應與犬隻級別和性別最大限度地保持一致。
FAULTS: 缺陷
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be
regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
任何與上述各點的背離均視為缺陷，其缺陷嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度及對犬隻的健康和福利造成的影響成正例。
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷
- Aggressive or overly shy.
- Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
- 有攻擊性或過於羞怯。
- 任何身體和行為有明顯異常的犬都為失格。
N.B.：
- Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
- Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.
注：
- 公犬具備兩個明顯正常且完全置於陰囊的睪丸
- 只有身體機能以及臨床表現健康的，具備典型犬種結構的犬隻，才可用於繁殖。
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