玉璧，是一種中央有穿孔的扁平狀圓形玉器，為我國傳統的玉禮器之一，也是“六瑞”之一。
玉璧，是一種中央有穿孔的扁平狀圓形玉器。穿孔稱作“好”，邊緣器體稱作“肉”。《爾雅·釋器》“肉倍好謂之壁，好倍肉謂之瑗，肉好若一謂之環”。一般把體形扁平、周邊圓形、中央有孔且邊大孔小的器物稱為壁。考古發現，玉璧最早產生於距今約5、6千年前的新石器時代，一直到清朝，都有不同形制和紋飾的玉璧出現。玉璧的應用範圍也極為廣泛，既是權力等級的標誌，也可用於佩戴，亦能作為隨葬品，同時又是社會交往中的饋贈品或信物。、
藏品介紹
中文名稱：龍鳳紋玉璧
英文名稱：Jade with dragon and phoenix patterns
類別：玉器
規格：一面
品相：美品
玉璧最小直徑19.2釐米，左右透雕龍鳳紋，中間佈滿乳釘紋，取名"乳丁"，正含有感懷生命起源的涵義。可以看到玉璧顏色不均，有青釉黃，這是由於沁色所至，代表玉璧年代久遠，開門見老。
沁色是指玉器在環境中長期與水、土壤以及其他物質相接觸，自然產生的水或礦物質風化侵蝕玉體，鐵、錳等氧化物緩慢地侵入玉器使其部分或整體的顏色發生變化的自然現象。色質是玉的自然屬性，色即沁色，質指玉質，而沁色通常會成為一塊古玉的重要鑑定標準。
龍鳳紋，描繪龍與鳳相對飛舞的畫面，故名。龍為鱗蟲之長，鳳為百鳥之王，都是祥瑞之物。龍鳳相配便呈吉祥，習稱“龍鳳呈祥紋”。
從上圖看最大直徑24釐米，中間圓孔極小，是典型的玉璧器形，古人認為天是圓的，是禮天的禮器。璧是我國古代最隆重的禮器，周禮:“以蒼璧禮天”。玉璧，是中國古代玉文化中最為核心的一種玉器，它的歷史延綿了5000多年，在中國傳統的文化理念中，玉璧象徵著美好的意願和高貴的品質。當年，林徽因設計的國徽圖案就是以玉璧為主體。
玉璧的用途 ，按古文獻記載和後人推測，一為祭器，用作祭天、祭神、祭山、祭海、祭河、祭星等。二為禮器，用作禮天或作為身份的標誌（《周禮春官宗伯·典瑞》所云："子執毅璧，男執蒲璧"之類）。三為佩飾。四作琺碼用的衡。五作辟邪和防腐用。玉璧的這些用途在春秋戰國時代幾乎都存在，都可以從古文獻及現代考古發掘實物中找到證據。
要知道最早的秦半兩古錢中間是圓的，就是按照玉璧的形狀來製作的，因為玉璧是可以當做貨幣使用的，呂氏春秋中就有用玉璧來購買物資，後由於圓形不好固定打磨，容易轉動影響效率，就把中心的圓改為方形，就有了外圓內方的古錢幣，也就是說古錢幣的始祖就是玉璧。
加工難數月成一物：以前加工都是用的砣輪用石材製成，做成不同的砣頭配合解玉砂進行琢玉。商代有了銅，銅製砣輪強度不大，自身容易磨損，做出的溝線淺而寬，斷面多呈半圓形。西周末、春秋初有了鐵，鐵砣堅硬，能夠做得薄而銳，提高了加工精度。可以刻出細細的線條，深深的溝。鐵砣一直使用到民國初期。民國後期到20世紀70年代，有些地方仍有用鐵砣解玉砂琢玉的作坊，這種加工玉器的方法俗稱為老工，俗話說：慢工出細活，古代手工打磨出來的玉器帶有包漿，呈現玻璃光澤，可以看到龍尾有明顯的光澤，在看龍腿出拐彎硬直這是由於砣輪拐彎處不好處理造成的特有現象，是鑑定機器工與手工最直接的方法，由於年代已久，全是遍佈了硃砂沁，這是由於鐵元素侵染所致，歷經這枚多年能有如此好的品相，沒有磕，沒有殘是一件不可多得的館藏級藏品。
英文翻譯：1381/5000
Processing difficult months into a thing: the former processing is made of stone with the lead wheel, made of different lead head with jieyu sand for jade. The shang dynasty had copper, copper ring wheel strength is not big, itself easy to wear, made shallow and wide groove line, section is mostly semicircle. West weekend, the early spring and autumn have iron, iron lead hard, can do thin and sharp, improve the processing accuracy. You can carve thin lines, deep trenches. The iron lead was used until the early republic of China. From the late period of the republic of China to the 1970s, there were still workshops in some places where people could cut jade with iron jade jade, which was commonly known as the old worker. As the saying goes: Fire makes sweet malt, the ancient manual grinding out of jade with patina, glass and bright, you can see beaten have obvious burnish, watching the dragon leg hard straight out of the corner that is caused by bad bucket wheel turning processing phenomenon, is the most direct method of identification of machine work and manual, already a long time, because the s all throughout the cinnabar ooze, this is because the iron caused by infection, after this years can have such a good appearance, no depletion, no residue is a collection of rare collection. Jade is a kind of flat round jade with a hole in the center. It is one of the traditional jade ritual wares in China and also one of the "six rui".
Jade, is a flat round jade with a hole in the center. The perforation is called "good" and the body at the edge is called "meat". Erya shi zhuan "meat is better than the wall, good meat is better than the yuan, meat is better than the ring". Generally the shape of the flat, circular, central hole and side of the small hole called the wall. Archaeological findings show that jade bi first appeared in the neolithic age about 5 or 6 thousand years ago. Until the qing dynasty, jade bi appeared in different shapes and patterns. Jade is also widely used. It is not only a sign of power level, but also can be worn and used as a burial object, as well as a gift or token in social communication. ,
The collection is introduced
Chinese name: dragon and phoenix jade jade
English name: Jade with dragon and phoenix patterns
Category: jade
Specification: one side
Phase: beauty
The smallest diameter of jade is 19.2 cm. It has dragon and phoenix patterns, and the middle is covered with breast nails. Can see jade color balance, there is green glaze yellow, this is due to qin color to, on behalf of the jade age long, open the door to see old.
Qin color refers to the jade in the environment for a long time with water, soil and other substances contact, natural water or minerals weathering erosion of the jade body, iron, manganese and other oxides slowly invading the jade to make its part or the whole color of the natural phenomenon. Color quality is the natural attribute of jade, color namely qin color, quality refers to the quality of jade, and qin color will usually become an important identification standard of an ancient jade.
Dragon and phoenix grain, depicting the picture of the dragon and the chicken flying opposite, hence the name. The dragon for the scale insect long, the phoenix for the king of birds, are auspicious things. Longfeng match presents auspicious, xi said "longfeng chengxiang grain."
From the above picture, the largest diameter is 24 centimeters, the middle circle hole is very small, is a typical jade shape, the ancient people think that the day is round, is a ritual vessel. Bi is the most solemn ritual vessel in ancient China. Jade is the core of jade culture in ancient China. It has a history of more than 5,000 years. In traditional Chinese culture, jade symbolizes good will and noble quality. In those days, Lin huiyin designed the national emblem with jade as the main body.
The purpose of the jade wall is recorded in ancient documents and speculated by later generations. One is a sacrificial vessel, used as a heaven offering, a sacrifice to the gods, a sacrifice to the mountains, a sacrifice to the sea, a sacrifice to the river, and a sacrifice to the stars. Second, it is a ritual vessel, used as a symbol of heaven or as a sign of identity (" zhou li chun official zong bo dian rui "said:" son yibi bi, male pubi "). Three is for the baldrige. The fourth is a weigh for measuring. For keeping away evil spirits and preventing corrosion. These USES of jade bi almost all existed in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period.
To know as early as the qin half among ancient coin is round, is made according to the shape of the jade, because jade can be used as currency, lushi useful in the spring and autumn period and the jade to buy supplies, owing to the bad circle fixed after grinding, easy to turn the influence efficiency, is the center of the circle to square, there will be a cylindrical inner side of the coin, that is to say, is the father of Chinese ancient jade.
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