Hackers could shut down satellites and potentially turn them into weapons, an expert warns.
一名专家警告说，黑客可以关闭卫星，并可能把它们变成武器。
According to William Akoto, a scholar who studies cyber conflict, hackers taking control of the satellites orbiting Earth could have dire consequences.
研究网络冲突的学者威廉•阿克托(William Akoto)表示，黑客控制绕地球运行的卫星可能会产生可怕的后果。
“On the mundane end of scale, hackers could simply shut satellites down, denying access to their services. Hackers could also jam or spoof the signals from satellites, creating havoc for critical infrastructure,” Akoto wrote for Space.com. “This includes electric grids, water networks and transportation systems.”
在普通范围内，黑客可以简单地关闭卫星，从而拒绝使用卫星服务。黑客还可以干扰或欺骗来自卫星的信号，对关键的基础设施造成严重破坏。”阿克托在Space.com网站上写道。“包括电网、水网和交通系统。”
Cyber criminals could even steer the satellites into other satellites or crash them into the International Space Station, he wrote.
他写道，网络罪犯甚至可以操纵这些卫星撞向其他卫星，或将它们撞向国际空间站。
As Akoto noted, some hackers already have waged war against space satellites.
正如阿克托所指出的，一些黑客已经对太空卫星发动了战争。
In 1998, hackers allegedly took over the US-German ROSAT X-Ray satellite by gaining access to computers at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. After instructing the satellite to turn its solar panels directly at the sun, its batteries were destroyed and the satellite was ruined.
1998年，黑客入侵了位于马里兰州的戈达德太空飞行中心(Goddard Space Flight Center)的电脑，从而控制了美国和德国的ROSAT x射线卫星。在指示卫星将太阳能电池板直接对准太阳后，其电池被毁，卫星也毁了。
Akoto urged governments worldwide to adopt stringent regulations for cybersecurity and mandate the reporting of all satellite breaches.
阿克托敦促世界各国政府采取严格的网络安全法规，并要求报告所有的卫星入侵事件。
“It would be a profound mistake to wait for hackers to gain control of a commercial satellite and use it to threaten life, limb and property — here on Earth or in space — before addressing this issue,” Akoto concluded.
阿克托总结道:“在解决这个问题之前，坐等黑客获得商业卫星的控制权，并利用它威胁地球上或太空中的生命、肢体和财产，将是一个严重的错误。”
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