扬州有一座隋炀帝陵，位于邗江区槐泗镇槐二村，是清代嘉庆年间的大学士阮元出资修复的，为省级文保单位，是扬州著名的旅游景点。
In 2013, two tombs, about 20-30 square meters each, were found on a construction site in Xihu Town, Hanjiang district of Yangzhou city.
2013年3月，扬州市西湖镇司徒村一个房地产建设项目中发现两座砖室墓，出土了铜制的衔环铺首以及金镶玉腰带，还有一方墓志，上面清楚写着“隨故煬帝墓誌”等字样。
隋炀帝？他的墓不是早就找到了吗？怎么又冒出了一个新墓？
邗江区槐泗镇“隋炀帝陵”
邗江区西湖镇“隋炀帝墓”
到底哪个才是隋炀帝的墓？
邗江区西湖镇的两座隋唐墓葬
这两座墓的占地面积分别只有二三十平方米，远远达不到帝陵所应有的规模和气势。
In one tomb, an epitaph was unearthed, bearing Chinese characters which indicate the tomb’s owner as Emperor Yang of Sui dynasty. Some 100 pieces/sets of high-standard burial objects, such as a belt with jade and gold, and figurines of warriors and horsemen, were also discovered, as well as two teeth of the dead who was in his 50s.
出土的墓志 The epitaph unearthed
西侧墓中出土一方墓志，铭文中有“随故炀帝墓志”等字样，墓中还出土了大尺寸的鎏金铜铺首，还有金镶玉腰带等珍贵文物100余件(套)，说明墓主身份显赫。
鎏金铜铺首 A relic unearthed.
In the other tomb, remains of a dead woman, about 56-year-old and 1.5-meter-tall, were found along with a bunch of burial objects.
十三环蹀躞金玉带 The belt with jade and gold unearthed
墓内还出土两颗50岁左右的男性的牙齿。
根据出土的“隨故煬帝墓誌”、十三环蹀躞金玉带、鎏金铜铺首及大量文官俑、武士俑、骑马俑等高规格随葬品，结合文献的记载，考古人员确认西侧墓的主人是隋炀帝杨广。
Archaeologists thought that this might be the tomb of Yang Guang, the second emperor of Sui dynasty (581-618), who were killed in a mutiny in Yangzhou in 618.
东侧墓有部分人骨遗骸，经鉴定为大约56岁、身高约1.5米的女性遗骸。
东侧墓室及其中出土的女性人骨遗骸和随葬品 The other tomb
墓还出土了玉器、铜器、铁器、陶瓷器、木漆器等200余件(套)。根据墓葬形制、墓内出土高等级随葬品和对人骨遗骸的鉴定，结合文献记载，考古人员判定，墓主人是隋炀帝的萧皇后。
However, there’s already a Mausoleum of Emperor Yang of Sui dynasty in Huaisi Town in the same district of the city. And the site has been a famous tourist attraction since Qing dynasty and was listed as heritage under provincial protection in 1995.
帝墓疑云
西湖镇的这个隋唐墓葬，真的是隋炀帝的安息之所吗？
问
仅凭墓志能认定这是隋炀帝墓吗？
墓志铭上为什么同时出现隋朝和唐朝的年号？
此前不是已经有一个隋炀帝陵了吗？
为何把新墓称为“帝墓”而非“帝陵”？
这和隋炀帝的死因有关。
Which is the real mausoleum of Emperor Yang of Sui dynasty?
The new tomb is too small as the resting place of an emperor, but it was understandable as the tomb of the emperor was relocated multiple times.
公元618年，隋炀帝巡幸扬州期间，禁卫军发动兵变，推举重臣宇文化及为首领，并缢死了杨广。
When the emperor was killed in 618 in a mutiny, he was first buried by his wife, the Empress Xiao, in the Palace in Yangzhou, and then was relocated somewhere in the city by a loyal subordinate.
史料记载，隋炀帝陵墓曾多次迁移。先葬在江都宫流珠堂，后改葬于吴公台下。公元622年，唐高祖李渊下令将隋炀帝陵迁到雷塘。
In 622, his tomb was relocated again to Leitang in the north of Yangzhou under the order the first emperor of the following Tang dynasty.
公元648年，萧皇后病死，唐太宗李世民命将其尸骨送至江都与隋炀帝合葬。所以专家推测，另一座墓的墓主应为萧皇后。
In 648, when Empress Xiao, died, the second emperor of Tang dynasty had the couple buried together.
墓志铭文记载墓主去世时间为“大业十四年”，即公元618年，与史实相符。
墓里出土的人骨，包括牙齿和骸骨，年龄、性别也和文献记载的情况吻合。
鉴于隋炀帝在下葬的时候身份已不是帝王，所以称作帝墓而不是帝陵。
The epitaph unearthed in the new tomb says that the emperor died in 618, and the teeth of the dead indicated that he died in his 50s, both of which were consistent with historical records. And the result of identification, concerning the remains of the dead women in the other tomb, fit the description of Empress Xiao in historical records.
新墓出现，‘旧陵’咋办
真墓现身，那被称作“伪陵”的热门景点，怎么办？
在西湖镇考古发现之前，扬州已经有一座隋炀帝陵，是清代嘉庆年间的大学士阮元捐建，现为扬州著名的旅游景点。1995年被列为省级文保单位。
Therefore, archaeologists believed that this new tomb should be the real resting place of the emperor, and his wife.
为什么错认隋炀帝陵呢？
一位考古专家表示，清代阮元所采用的考证方法与现代考古技术显然不可比，他只是考察了地形地貌，结合当地的传说，就认定那里是隋炀帝陵。现代的考古发掘是重实证的，显然后者的结论更加科学。
As for the standing Mausoleum of Emperor Yang of Sui dynasty in Huaisi Town, archaeologists thought that it was somehow mistaken by Yuan Yuan, the scholar in Qing dynasty who discovered the tomb first and renovated it.
“伪陵”要“摘牌”吗？
此次考古发掘领队、扬州市文物考古研究所所长束家平表示，并不会因此全盘否定阮元的考证，而且从文物保护的角度上来看，阮元所考证和修缮的隋炀帝陵也是重要的历史遗存，还会继续予以保护。
Though the real tomb of the emperor was found, the wrong site "would still be protected, as it is cultural heritage of the city," said the leader of archaeologists who excavated the real tomb of the emperor.
Question
怎么评价隋炀帝的是非功过？
在位十四年，营建东都、迁都洛阳、开创科举制度、修隋朝大运河，修驰道与筑长城，极大促进了中原与南北各地区经济社会文化交流与商贸发展。
然而频繁发动战争，如亲征吐谷浑、三征高句丽，致使民变频起，造成天下大乱，最终导致了隋朝的覆亡。
Source: WeChat（丝路云帆）
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