英語句法是針對英語語言進行研究後,英語句法系統地總結歸納出來的一系列語言規則。英語句法的精髓在於掌握語言的使用。
1、陳述句
說明事實或陳述說話人觀點的句子。基本結構:主語+謂語+其他
1)肯定陳述句 We all like pandas very much.
2)否定陳述句 He doesn't do housework at weekends
3)肯定陳述句改否定陳述句
①一般是在be動詞或情態動詞後加not。
Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday.
I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane.
②不含be動詞或情態動詞的,行為動詞前要用助動詞的否定式(don't,doesn't,didn't),後面跟動詞的原形。
He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn't like drawing pictures.
I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn't go to the park yesterday.
4)陳述句改一般疑問句
①有be動詞或情態動詞的,把be動詞或情態動詞提前。
Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday?
I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane?
②不含be動詞或情態動詞的句子,藉助助動詞開頭,動詞還原成原形。
He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures.
I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday?
2、疑問句
用來提出問題,詢問情況的句子,末尾用問號。
1)一般疑問句:一般疑問句常用來詢問一件事是否屬實,通常以be動詞,助動詞或情態動詞開頭,用yes或no來回答,因此又叫是非疑問句,通常讀升調。
—Is Mr Green from the UK? —Yes,he is. / No,he isn't.
—Do you have any hobbies? —Yes,I do. / No,I don't.
—Can you play the guitar? —Yes,I can. / No,I can't.
2)特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞引導,要求回答具體問題,不能用yes或no來回答。—How do you go to work every day? —I go to work by car.
3)選擇疑問句:提供兩種或兩種以上情況,讓對方選擇,往往用or連接。
—Would you like some tea or coffee? —Some coffee, please.
4)反意疑問句:反意疑問句是由陳述句和附在其後的附加疑問句組成。
—It's a fine day, isn't it? — Yes ,it is.
3、祈使句
表示請求或命令別人做某事或不做某事。
1)用於第二人稱,通常省略you。
①肯定祈使句:Open the door, please.
②否定祈使句:Don't be late again.
2)用於
第一人稱和第三人稱,通常以let(let後跟賓格)或shall開頭。Let me have a look. Let's play a game now. Let him go home now.
Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?
4、感嘆句
表達喜怒哀樂等強烈感情,句尾常用感嘆號(!),語氣用降調。
1)what + 名詞或名詞性短語
What a big garden (it is)!
What an interesting storybook (it is) !
What lovely weather (it is)!
What pretty girls (they are)!
2)how +形容詞或副詞+主語+動詞
How nice!
How beautiful the flowers are!
How tall Yao Ming is!
5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。
1)主語是單數,be動詞用is(was);主語是複數,be動詞用are(were)。
There is some milk in the fridge.
There are some peaches in the basket.
2)如果有幾個不同的人或物並列存在,be動詞根據最靠近的那個名詞而定。
There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case.
There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case.
3)there be句型和have/has區別:
there be句型表示某地有某人或某物;
have/has表示某人有某物。has用於第三人稱單數,其餘人稱和數用have。
There are some English books on the desk.
I have some English books.
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