长安东市 Eastern Market of Chang’an
长安西市 Western Market of Chang’an
大明宫 Daming Palace
曲江池 Qujiang Pond 或者 Qujiangchi Lake
宵禁 Curfew
京兆尹 Mayor of Capital City
武周 Second Zhou dynasty
武则天 Empress Wu Zetian
无字碑 Blank Monument of Wu Zetian
萨珊波斯 Sassanian Persia
倭马亚 Umayyad Caliphate
阿拔斯（大食） Abbasside Caliphate
怛罗斯之战 Battle of Talas
开元盛世 Great Reign of Kaiyuan
杨贵妃 Lady Yang
荔枝 Lychee
霓裳羽衣曲 The Song of Feathered Clothes with Colors of Rainbow
唐诗 Tang Poetry
李白 Li Bai 或者 Li Bo
诗仙 Master of Poetry，Genius of Poetry 或者 God of Poetry
诗圣 Sage of Poetry
诗佛（王维） Buddha of Poetry
诗鬼（李贺）Phantom of Poetry 或者 Ghost of Poetry
诗骨（陈子昂）Bone of Poetry 或者 Stand of Poetry
诗杰（王勃）The Outstanding Poet
诗奴（孟郊）Slave of Poetry 或者 Prisoner of Poetry
诗魔（白居易）Devil of Poetry 或者 Demon of Poetry
诗豪（刘禹锡）Elite of Poetry 或者 Hero of Poetry
诗狂（贺知章）The Mad Poet
诗瓢（唐求）The Calabash Poet
骈文 Pianwen, a type of rhythmical prose with perfect parallel lines
古文运动 Classic/Ancient Prose Movement
日本遣唐使 Japanese missions to Imperial China 或者 Kento Shi
开元占经 Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era
安禄山 An Lushan 或者Ann Rockshen
安史之乱 An Lushan’s Rebellion 或者 An-Shi Rebellion
回纥汗国 Uighur Khanate 或者 Uyghur Khanate
汗庭 Khan’s Court
突骑施 Turgesh
葛逻禄 Karluks
黠戛斯 Kirgis 或者 Kyrghiz
募兵制：Professional Militia system
十二卫军/十六卫军 12/16 divisions of Imperial Guards
盐业专售 Salt Commission
渤海国 Balhea 或者 Pohai
南诏国 Nanzhao
牛李党争 Factional Struggles between Niu and Li Parties
甘露之变 Ganlu Incident 或者 Sweet Dew Incident
唐蕃会盟 Tang-Tibetan Meeting
太监 Eunuch
会昌毁佛 Anti-Buddhism Campaign/Persecution in the Reign of Huichang
朗达玛 Langdarma
归义军 Guiyi Circuit
黄巢起义 Huang Chao(‘s) Uprising
旧唐书 Old Book of Tang
新唐书 New Book of Tang
边塞诗 Poetry of Military Service 或者 Poetry of Frontier Zones
唐会要 Institutional History of Tang
通典 Comprehensive Documents
酉阳杂俎 Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang
大唐西域记 The Grand/Great Tang Record on the Western Region
给事郎 Supervising Secretary
进奏院 Capital Liaison Office
按察使 Surveillance Commissioner
五代宋元
五代十国 Five dynasties and ten kingdoms
沙陀人 Shatuo people
幽云十六州 16 Prefectures of You and Yun
旧五代史 Old History of Five Dynasties
新五代史 New History of Five Dynasties
宋朝 Song dynasty 或者 Sung dynasty
陈桥兵变 Incident of Chenqiao Station 或者 The Mutiny of Chenqiao Station
杯酒释兵权 Dismissing generals from their duties during a banquet
路 Circuit 或者 Lu
府 Prefecture 或者 Fu
契丹 Khitan
辽朝 Liao dynasty
耶律 Yelu 或者 Yelyu
阿保机 Abaoji
睡王（辽穆宗）The sleeping emperor
澶渊之盟 Treaty of Chanyuan
岁币 Annual Tribute
党项 Tangut People
西夏 Western Xia 或者 Xixia
于阗王国 Khotan Kingdom
黑汗 Kara Khanid
西州回鹘 Xizhou Uighurs 或者 Gaochang Uighurs
大理国 Dali Kingdom
西南夷 Southwestern Barbarians
唐宋八大家 Eight Prose Masters of Tang and Song
清明上河图 Along the River During the Qingming Festival
梦溪笔谈 Dream Pool Essays
熙宁改革（王安石变法）Reform of Xining 或者 Wang Anshi’s Reform
宋词 Lyric Poetry 或者就说 Ci
豪放派 Bold faction 或者 Unconstrained faction
婉约派 Restrained faction
花石纲 The shipping of rare rocks
女真 Jurchen 或者 Nuchen
完颜 Wanyan
猛安 Meng’an, the Jurchen chiliarch
谋克 Mouke, the Jurchen centurion
耶律大石西征 Expedition of Yelyu Dashi
西辽 Qara Khitan，Kara Khitai 或者 Western Liao
虎思斡耳朵（八剌沙衮）Balasagun 或者 Hoosihorde，斡耳朵就是Horde，大帐
卡特万之战 Battle of Qatwan
花剌子模 Khwarazmian kingdom
靖康之变 Incident of Jingkang
岳家军 Yue Fei’s Army或者Yue’s Circuit
绍兴和议 Compromise of Shaoxing
海陵王 Prince of Hailing
交子 Jiaozi, the paper currency
活字印刷术 Typographic Printing Technology
宋明理学 Neo-Confucianism
宋四大书 Four Great Books of Song
太平广记 Extensive Records of the Taiping Era
太平御览 Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era
文苑英华 Finest Blossoms in the Garden of Literature
宋史 History of Song
金史 History of Jin
辽史 History of Liao
蒙古汗国 Mongol Khanate
蒙古帝国 Mongol Empire
大斡耳朵 Grand Horde
乃蛮部 Naimans
塔塔尔部 Tatars
克烈部 Keraites
蔑儿乞部 Merkit
孛儿只斤 Borjigin
成吉思汗 Genghis Khan
铁木真 Temujin
窝阔台 Ogedei
托雷 Tolui
贵由 Guyuk
蒙哥 Mongke
忽必烈 Kublai
金帐汗国 Golden Horde Khanate
伊尔汗国 Ilkhanate
察合台汗国 Chagatai Khanate
窝阔台汗国 Ogedei Khanate
高丽 Goryeo
元朝 Yuan dynasty
达鲁花赤 Darughachi
色目人 Semu people 或者 Colored-eye people
汉人 Han people in the north
南人 Southerners
行省：全称是行中书省 Branch Secretariats，一般就叫 Province
宣政院 Bureau of Buddhism and Tibetan Affairs
红巾起义 Red Turbans Rebellion
元顺帝 Emperor Shun of Yuan
元曲 Yuan Qu, a type of poetry based on tunes of music 或者 Tune poetry
元史 History of Yuan
授时历 Calendar of Fixing Time 或者 Shoushi Calendar
宋朝时的吐蕃诸部 Era of Fragmentation of Tibet
西藏法王 Prince of Dharma
噶当派 Kadam
噶举派 Kagyu
格鲁派 Gelug
萨迦派 Sakya
宁玛派 Nyingma
觉囊派 Jonang
仲敦巴 Dromton
萨迦班智达 Sakya Pandita
八思巴 Phagpa
元大都 Khanbaliq或者Dadu
上都 Xanadu或者Shangdu
和林 Karakorum
王保保 Koke Temur
孛罗帖木儿 Bolad Temur
明清
明朝 Ming dynasty
明教 Manicheism
胡惟庸案 Hu Weiyong Case
蓝玉案 Lan Yu Case
风闻言事 Impeach with hearsay
大学士 Grand Secretariat
靖难之役 Incident of Jingnan 或者 Jingnan Campaign
燕王（朱棣）Prince of Yan
永乐盛世 Great Reign of Yong’le Emperor
永乐大典 Yong’le Encyclopedia
郑和下西洋 Zheng He’s Voyages
仁宣之治 Great Reigns of Emperor Renzong and Emperor Xuanzong
土木堡之变 Incident of Tumu Fortress 或者 Tumu Fortress Crisis
夺门之变 The Restoration of Emperor Yingzong
大礼仪之争 The Great Controversy of Rites
倭寇 Japanese Pirates
隆庆新政 Reform of Longqing Emperor
张居正改革 Zhang Juzheng’s Reform
俺答封贡 The Investiture of Altan Khan 或者 The Surrender of Tumod Mongols
万历中兴 Reign of Wanli Emperor
万历三大征 Three Great Military Campaigns of Wanli Emperor
明末三大案 Three Cases of the Ming Court
东林党争 Factional Movement of Donglin Society
汉地十八省 China Proper
北元 Northern Yuan
鞑靼 Tatar Mongols
瓦剌（卫拉特）Oriats Mongols
奴儿干都司 Nurgan Military Commission
乌斯藏都司 U-Tsang Military Commission
帕木竹巴 Phagmodrupa
仁蚌巴 Rinpungpa
藏巴汗 Tsangpa
朝贡国 Tributary States
进贡 Pay the tribute
高丽 Goryeo
李氏朝鲜 Joseon
琉球王国 Ryukyu Kingdom
俺答汗 Altan Khan
蒙古左翼和右翼 Left Wing/Right Wing of Mongols
叶尔羌汗国 Yarkand Khanate 或者 Yarkent Khanate
吐鲁番汗国 Turpan Khanate
土默特部 Tumod
哈密国 Kara Del
厂卫 Secret police agency of Ming dynasty
东厂 Eastern Depot 或者 Dongchang secret police agency
西厂 Western Depot 或者 Xichang secret police agency
李自成起义 Li Zicheng Uprising
南明 Southern Ming 或者 Regimes of Ming Loyalists in the South
明史 History of Ming
宗人府 Imperial Clan Court
清朝 Qing dynasty，Tsing dynasty 或者 Ching dynasty
满族 Manchus
满洲 Manchuria
爱新觉罗 Aisin Gioro
努尔哈赤 Nurhaci
皇太极 Hong Taiji
多铎 Prince Dodo
多尔衮 Dorgon
叶赫那拉 Yehe Nara
山海关 Shanhai Pass
林丹汗 Ligdan Khan
铁帽子王 Iron-Cup Princes
三藩之乱 Revolt of Three Feudatories
鳌拜 Oboi
准噶尔汗国 Dzungar Khanate
噶尔丹 Galdan Boshugtu Khan
塔里木盆地 Tarim Basin
塔克拉玛干沙漠 Taklimakan Desert 或者 Taklamagan Desert
和硕特汗国 Khoshut Khanate 或者 Qoshot Khanate
喀尔喀蒙古 Khalkha Mongols
乌里雅苏台 Uliastai
唐努乌梁海 Tannu Uriankhai
宁古塔 Nimguta
四库全书 Complete Book Collection in Four Sections
军机处 Grand Council of State (originally for military emergencies)
军机大臣 Military Chancellor 或者 Shumi（其实就是枢密）
尼布楚条约 Treaty of Nerchinsk
文字狱 Literary Inquisition
汤若望 Johann Adam Schall von Bell
南怀仁 Ferdinand Verbist
大小和卓之乱 Rebellion of Altishahr Khojas
和珅 Niohuru Heshen
避暑山庄 Summer Mountain Resort in Chengde
鸦片战争 Opium War
南京条约 Treaty of Nanjing
割地 Cede
太平天国 Taiping Rebellion
天王（洪秀全）Heavenly King/Prince
捻军 Nian Rebellion
湘军 Xiang Army 或者 Hunan Army
第二次鸦片战争 Second Opium War
北京条约 Treaty of Peking 或者 Convention of Peking
商埠 Treaty ports 或者 Trading ports
租界 Concessions
中法战争 Sino-French War
洋务运动 Self-Strengthening Movement
汉阳兵工厂 Hanyang Arsenal
安庆内军械所 Anqing Imperial Arsenal
江南机器制造总局 Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau
同治陕甘之变 Dungan Revolt
洪福汗国 Jetti Shahar Khanate
戊戌变法 Wuxu Reform 或者 Hundred-day Reform
北洋水师 Beiyang Fleet
甲午战争 First Sino-Japanese War 或者 War of Jiawu Year
马关条约 Treaty of Shimonoseki
三国干涉还辽 Triple Intervention
义和团 Boxers
八国联军 Eight-Nation Alliance
辛丑条约 Boxer Protocol
东南互保 Mutual Protection of Southeast China
慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Cixi
兴中会 Revive China Society
预备立宪 Constitutionalization Movement
辛亥革命 Xinhai Revolution
孙中山 Sun Yat-Sen
千总 Company commander of 1000 men
把总 Commander of 400 men
清史稿 Draft History of Qing
其它
谥号 Posthumous name （比如汉武帝的武、晋元帝的元）
庙号 Temple name（比如唐太宗的太宗、元世祖的世祖）
年号 Era name 或者 Reign name（比如贞观、嘉靖、康熙）
尊号 Regnal name（比如武则天的则天）
姓 Surname 或者 Family name
氏（先秦）Secondary surname 或者 Clan name （比如孔子姓是子，氏是孔）
名 Given name
字 Courtesy name 或者 Style name
号 Art name
名讳 True name
乳名 Birth name
法号 Dharma name
训名 School name
避讳 Taboo of names
爵位 Nobility rank
太子 Crown Prince
九爵 Nine orders of nobility
亲王 Prince
郡王 Prefecture/Commandery Prince
国公 Duke
郡公 Prefecture/Commandery Duke
县公 County/District Duke
侯爵 Marquis
伯爵 Count
子爵 Viscount
男爵 Baron
世袭的 Hereditary
封建 to enfeoff
皇后 Empress
品秩 Grade/Rank in the Bureaucracy
正一品 First Rank Officials
从一品 Sub-First Rank Officials
正四品上 Upper Fourth Rank Official
正四品下 Lower Fourth Rank Official
从四品上 Upper Sub-Fourth Rank Official
从四品下 Lower Sub-Fourth Rank Official
奉朝请 People who qualified for imperial audiences
千牛卫 Imperial personal guard
千牛备身 Swordsmen in the personal guard
食邑 Feudatory land
官 Bureaucrat
吏 Government staff
四民 Four occupations（士农工商分别是gentry scholars，peasants，craftsmen以及merchants）
军阀的派系 Clique of xxx
腰斩 Death by cutting the waist
绞刑 Death by hanging
车裂 Death by dismembering the body
廷杖 Tingzhang, a type of punishment that the guilty official would be spanked by wooden planks
流放 Be banished/exiled to + 地名
追封 Posthumous enfeoffment
钦差大臣 Imperial government inspector
监正 Supervisor of xxx directorate
诏书 Edict
奏章 Memorial to the emperor
俸禄 Salary for imperial officials
中央集权 Centralization of authority
龙袍 Panlong Robe 或者 Chinese Imperial Dragon Robe
衙门 Administrative Office
中书令 Secretariat Director
中书舍人 Secretariat Drafter
中书门下 Secretariat-Chancellery
同中书门下平章事 Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery
中散大夫 Grand Master of Palace Leisure
大理寺 Imperial Court of Justice
鸿卢寺 Office of Foreign Affairs
光禄寺 Office of Imperial Kitchen
著作局 Editorial office
转运使 Transport Commissioner
处置使 Supervisory Commissioner, an official that arranges and disposes of matters
黜陟使 Personnel Evaluation Commissioner, an official that evaluates, promotes or demotes other officials
国子监 Directorate of Education
将作院 Imperial Manufactories Commission
御史台 Censorate
法司 Judicial office
翰林院 Hanlin Academy, an organization in the central court with scholars who did drafting and editing works for the emperor
京兆尹 Metropolitan governor of capital city
教坊司 Imperial office of music
东宫 The House of Crown Prince 或者 The Eastern Palace for Crown Prince
谏议大夫 Supervisory officer
光禄大夫 Grand Master of the Palace ，其中金紫光禄大夫在后面加with golden seal and purple ribbon，银青光禄大夫在后面加with silver seal and blue ribbon
主簿 Recorder 或者 assistant magistrate
主书 Assistant drafters
主事 Director/secretary of xxx section in xxx ministry
主司 Examiner 或者 recruiter，相当于古代政府的HR
茶马交易 Tea-Horse Trade
进士 Nominees who passed the highest-level Imperial Examinations (court exams 殿试)，有地方直接说是Jnshi（复数Jinshies）并解释是Imperial examination graduates，其中进士及第是distinguished jinshies，进士出身是xxx with jinshi background，同进士出身是along with jinshi background
贡士 Nominees who passed the national-level Imperial Examinations
举人 Recommendees/nominees who passed the local-level (provincial-level) Imperial Examinations
秀才/生员 Scholars/Educated people (qualified for local-level Imperial Examinations）
童生 Scholars haven’t qualified for the local-level Imperial Examinations
冈仁波齐 Mount Kailash
葱岭 Pamir Plateau
兴都库什山 Hindukush Mountains
燕然山 Khangai Mountains
华阳国志 Chronicles of Huayang
三字经 Three Character Classic
百家姓 Hundred Family Surnames
千字文 Thousand Character Classic
本文转自：华译翻译
閱讀更多 翻譯教學與研究 的文章
