七選五的閱讀理解題型是高考英語閱讀理解的必考題型。考查學生在理解語篇內容的基礎上，理清文章結構及文中的邏輯與銜接關係的能力。整體來說，此類題型難度較大，既考查理解，又考查甄別，考知識，更考能力。因此很多學生對此類題型諱莫如深！那麼，今天這篇文章幫你搞定！天津新文達中小學小文為大家帶來了“高考英語閱讀理解7選5”的解題思路、技巧等知識，一起來看看吧！
一、解題步驟
1、通讀全文，瞭解大意
通過快速閱讀，分析語篇結構，掌握文章主旨大意。閱讀理解“七選五”文章的題材往往是結構和層次都比較清晰的說明文或議論文，語篇結構通常為“總分”或“總分總”結構：“先總”——給出主題句，點明段落主題，對全文起著提示、概括的作用；“後分”——給出擴展句，圍繞主題句展開說明或論述，提供事例、事實、數據等細節內容。
因此，首先要把整篇文章大致瀏覽一遍：沒有小標題的，通覽首句，即段落主題句；有小標題，速覽小標題，迅速把握段落的主旨要義，從整體上把握文章的語篇結構和脈絡。
一般來講，記敘文和議論文可以認真閱讀首尾段。說明文認真閱讀每一段的首句，也就是每一段的主題句或者主旨句。這樣都有助於瞭解文章的大致脈絡或主旨大意。
2、閱讀選項，標註關鍵詞
仔細閱讀七個選項，並用筆標註關鍵詞，比如指示代詞（it, they, he, she等），關係連詞（and, so, however, instead, on the other hand, therefore等），以及和所在空格前後句意義相關的實詞（名詞、動詞和形容詞）或短語。
3、空格前後句需細讀
再次通讀文章，標出空白處前後部分出現的關鍵詞和中心詞，還要注意文章的銜接手段，尤其是常見的邏輯關係連詞和副詞。我們都知道，段落中的所有句子都是緊扣主題的，所有的論點、事例和細節都要為表現主題服務。所以，我們可以通過選項中關鍵詞或中心詞與空白處前、後關鍵詞的一致性或者相關性選出答案，即查找選項句中是否出現空白處前後句的原詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等來確定句與句之間的關係，進而選出答案。例如，我們可以通過邏輯關係詞推斷出句與句之間存在的關係類型，比如並列遞進關係、轉折關係、因果關係、例證關係等。然後按照“由易到難”的順序，從最明確的答案入手，逐步確定所有答案選項。
做題時一定要從空白處的上下文中找到支撐相關選項的具體事實信息，根據表層信息進行推理和判斷，從而確定最佳選項。這樣可以確定大部分空白處的選項。對於還沒選出或不確定的空白處選項，可以將剩餘的選項代入，用上文說的方法依次對比，採用篩選法和排除法選出最佳選項。下面筆者繼續結合本題進行具體分析。
簡單來說，應該細讀每個空格的前一句和後一句，根據前後句的邏輯關係確定答案。
4、答案驗證
在空白處填入選項後，通讀補充完整後的文章，檢查所填選項內容是否與上下文語義吻合，句子前後是否能夠自然順暢地銜接，是否符合邏輯，有無前後矛盾的現象。如果所填選項是段落主題句，要核實該段內容是否與該主題句吻合，該主題句能否高度概括該段內容。
二、解題技巧
在日常訓練或考試中，解決七選五的閱讀理解題型，可遵循以下12字口訣：
走馬觀花，草船借箭，木已成舟。
1、走馬觀花
先把這篇文章大致瀏覽一遍，瀏覽不是從頭到尾逐詞閱讀，而是先看首尾段（至少首尾段的首尾句）。文章的結構無外乎“總分總”、“總分”、“分總”，首尾段裡總有一個是“總”。它對摸清全文脈絡、把握全文主旨至關重要，一定要堅持讀，特別是平時訓練中要養成這個習慣。再帶著對文章主要內容的預測快速閱讀一下中間段落的首句，進一步瞭解文章細節，驗證預測的準確性。
Color is fundamental in home design — something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
（2018全國I卷）
【分析】瀏覽首尾段，可知首段告訴了我們顏色在房間設計中的重要性，結合其他段落的首句可以印證，這也是全文的主旨所在。
2、草船借箭
誰是草船？設空處的上下文。誰是箭？我們要作出選擇的空。怎樣草船借箭呢？就是從已知來探究未知。具體策略有以下三種：
（1）充分利用小標題
千萬不要放過小標題，小標題是本段的高度概括。本段的所有句子都應該圍繞小標題展開，這其中自然也包括被挖掉的需要考生來填的那個句子。所以考生要看一下七個選項中，哪個與某段小標題內容相符，相符的那項基本就是空白處的正確答案。注意是基本，是否是確定無疑呢，需要進一步驗證。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
● Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
● Your metabolism（新陳代謝）gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie（卡路里）burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
● 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
● 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4 – 10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly or you’re doing it now, and then listen up!
（2018全國II卷）
【分析】37題設空處位於段尾，38題設空處位於段中。37題所在段落的首句為本段主旨句，相當於小標題。根據“Your productivity is improved.”可知，本段主要講述你的生產力會提高。結合選項，可以看出E項所描述內容與其相符，故選E項。B項意為“睡眠質量提高了”，這也是提高的一種表現，此時需要進一步確認，結合設空處上文，可以確定B項錯誤。38題緊隨首句，即段落主旨句。根據首句“Your metabolism gets a head start.”可知，本段主要圍繞新陳代謝來描述。結合選項，只有F項與此內容相關，故選F項。
（2）充分利用提供線索的詞語與內在邏輯關係
邊讀邊做題，重點閱讀設空前後的句子，從中尋找線索，根據線索順藤摸瓜來確定答案。這是解題中最重要的一步。怎麼從上下句來尋找線索呢？
A、利用內在的邏輯關係
首先要讀懂上下句的確切意思，然後尋找其內在的邏輯關係，可能是因果關係，也可能是並列、轉折、遞進關係等，通常上一句為下一句做好了鋪墊。因此根據上下文的內在邏輯關係，可以推出設空處的答案。
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question, “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
37 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 38 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity（清晰）of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
（2019全國II卷）
【分析】38、39題設空處均位於段中。根據38題設空處下文中的“So”可知，設空處與下文構成因果關係。再根據設空處上文可知，我們會出現不專注於工作的情況，下文提及我們應該慢下來，想想那一刻自己真正做的事是什麼。結合選項，A項既是對上文的解釋，又與下文構成因果關係，故選A項。根據39題設空處下文中的“also”可知，設空處與下文構成並列關係，設空處的主語應與下文中主語“They”一致。結合選項，E項中的“They”與下文主語一致且構成並列關係，故選E項。
B、利用上下文中的“詞語”
閱讀語篇時注意觀察，如果選項中有上句或下句的原詞復現、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞，其正確率成倍增加。因為上下文中詞彙的範疇越小，上下文的銜接關係越緊密。其次要注意代詞、數字、人名、物名、地名等的指代或復現。利用這些特徵詞可以進一步確認答案。
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic（邏輯）of each to their particular circumstance.
Do’s
37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教學大綱）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight.
Participate in discussion forums（論壇）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don’ts
Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39
Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That’s what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
（2019全國III卷）
【分析】結合文章結構可知，37題設空處為段落主題句。設空處下文主要介紹了提問問題的注意事項。關鍵詞為“questions”，結合選項，故選G項。39題設空處位於段尾。本段首句為段落主題句，由此可知本段主要講述不要分享個人信息或故事。結合選項，C項中出現了主題句中的關鍵詞“information”，故選C項。
C、利用關聯詞
關聯詞是用來表示銜接和過渡的，它們在形成文章邏輯結構中起著舉足輕重的路標作用。例如，文中出現表示並列或遞進關係的關聯詞往往表示前後句之間的名詞或句意具備同指性；而表示轉折讓步關係的詞則往往表示前後句子的名詞同指，但句意對立，或褒貶對立或肯否對立；而表示例證關係的詞則意味著在舉例之前或之後有表述概念或某一觀點的句子，往往會有複數名詞出現。
下面是一些常見的關聯詞，可以熟記。
(a) 並列與遞進關係：and, or, also, neither…nor…, either…or…, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, the same…as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, firstly, secondly…；
(b) 因果關係：because, for, since, as, thus, therefore, so, so…that, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course；
(c) 轉折讓步關係：but, however, yet, on the contrary, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of；
(d) 結論概括關係：therefore, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in all, finally；
(e) 例證關係：for example, such as, for instance, namely, like。
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（觸發）events, personality traits（特徵）, and our assessment of situations. 51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 52 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative（消極的）outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
（2018北京卷）
【分析】54題設空處位於段首。設空處後面是兩個並列關係的句子，主要描述了一些引起生氣的狀況。根據文章各段落的特點，可知設空處為段落主題句。由此可推測，設空處後面的句子與設空處的句子構成例證關係，概括設空處後面的兩個句子。結合選項，故選A項。
D、利用代詞
代詞在文章中起著至關重要的作用。在做七選五題目時，代詞在一定程度上起到線索詞的作用，常常成為正確選擇選項的切入點。尤其在看不懂句子時，利用代詞作為線索去尋找答案也是有效的答題策略。
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 . It can help to eliminate（消除）future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint（暗示）that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
（2017全國II卷）
【分析】39題設空處的內容與後面的句子合起來構成一個完整的句子，表達完整的意思。根據設空處下文可知，找個藉口回去工作要比將別人攆出自己的辦公室容易得多，即使是在你解釋了自己有多忙之後。其中“it”為形式主語，真正的主語是“to excuse yourself to get back to your work”。由此可推測，設空處應與不在自己的辦公室有關。結合選項，D項意為“如果你在別人的辦公室或者在公共區域的話”，符合語境，故選D項。
3、木已成舟
經過前兩遍的閱讀以後，多數空已經確定答案，可以說大局已定、木已成舟。下面要做的就是再細細琢磨一番。重新閱讀原文，重點是剛才沒做出或不確定的空，排除掉已被選中的答案，將剩餘的答案代入不確定處，用上文說的方法依次對比，選出最佳選項。
此時切記要在所有空已填入的情況下，將全文通讀一遍，看文章從內容上是否語義連貫合理，語篇結構上是否具有一致性，合乎邏輯，上下文是否銜接緊密，寫作思路是否清晰明瞭，格式以及用語是否恰當貼切。如果所選的答案可以滿足上述標準，則成功完成了此題型。
以上12字口訣，考生可進行多次練習，達到熟練應用的目的。
三、複習注意事項
根據2017年全國卷高考考試說明，“閱讀文章需要具備一定的語篇知識。文章作者常常會使用各種銜接手段使行文連貫。如果希望準確、深刻地理解文章，必須把握住全篇的基本結構，理清上下文的銜接關係，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關係。”
因此平時練習的時候，應儘量選擇邏輯性強、層次分明的說明文和議論文。
可以將高考真題認真研讀，並畫出這篇文章的結構圖，然後分析每一段的每一句之間的邏輯關係。還可根據7選5的出題特點，挖空給同學練習，然後核對答案，給同學講解自己挖空的依據。通過這種練習，你對文章的結構，句子、段落之間的邏輯關係會有更加清晰的認識。
