概念：動詞虛擬語氣表示說話人的願望, 假設, 猜測, 建議, 請求, 意圖, 設想等未能或不可能成為事實的情況, 或者在說話人看來實現可能性很小的情況, 而不表示客觀存在的現實。
表現形式：通過句中謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現. 這些特殊形式與謂語動詞的某些時態相同, 但它們只表示語氣, 而不表示時態, 但含有一定的時間概念。
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高中英語研究中心：專題四 虛擬語氣
一、在簡單句中的用法
1. 表示祝願
//例句//
a. Long live our country.
b. May you succeed.
c. May you be happy all your life.
2. 表示命令
//例句//
Everybody leave the room.
二、在非真實條件句中的用法
使用虛擬語氣的含條件句的複合句稱為非真實條件句。
1.表示與現在事實相反的情況時
表示與現在事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用動詞的過去式。
(be動詞的過去式多用were, 而不用was)
主句的謂語用should / would / could / might +動詞原形。
(should多用於第一人稱, would多用於二三人稱, could / might可用於所有人稱)
//例句//
a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.
b. If he were not so busy, he would attend the meeting this afternoon.
c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.
d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.
e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.
2.表示與過去事實相反的情況時
表示與過去事實相反的情況時，if從句的謂語用had done形式,
主句的謂語用should / would / could / might + have done的形式。
//例句//
a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.
b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.
c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
3. 表示與將來事實相反的情況時
(1).完全動詞過去式 (be的過去式通常用were);
(2). should +動詞原形;
(3).were to do. 其中(2)、(3)的情況都含有出乎意料之外之意;
主句的謂語的形式是: should / would / could / might +動詞原形
//例句//
a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.
b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.
d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.
三、在非真實條件句中的變體
1. 條件從句省略if
在書面語中, 如果條件從句中的謂語中有were, had, should等詞,
可將if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首。
//例句//
a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up very early.
b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.
2.省略條件從句或主句
省略條件從句或主句, 省略部分的含義仍有所體現。省略主句時, 表示己不能實現的願望。
//例句//
a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).
b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).
c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起該多好啊)
d. If you had seen the wonderful film!
3.主從句時間不一致
主從句時間不一致時, 主從句謂語動詞的形式取決於要表示的具體時間。
//例句//
a. You would speak English well if you had practised every day.
b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.
4.含蓄條件句
假設的條件不以條件從句, 而以其他方式如介詞短語、從句等表達出來,這種句子稱為含蓄條件句。
//例句//
a. What would you do with a million dollars?
b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.
c. We could have done better with more money.
d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.
四、在狀語從句中的用法
1.even if / though
在even if / though引導的讓步狀語從句中，若表示與事實相反, 可用虛擬語氣形式。
主從句的謂語動詞形式與非真實條件句相同。
//例句//
Even if I were rich, I would work.
2.as if / though
在as if / though引導的方式狀語從句中，表示與事實情況相反的猜測，常用虛擬語氣。
(1).表示與現在事實相反或對相在情況有所懷疑, 謂語用過去式
//例句//
a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied it in England.
b. She looked as if she were ill.
(2).表示與過去事實相反的情況, as if / though從句謂語用過去完成式
//例句//
a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.
3.so that, in order that
在so that, in order that引導的目的狀語從句中，從句表目的性，謂語使用情態動詞+動詞原形。
//例句//
a.We had a meeting so that we could find out what to do next month.
b.We took a taxi in order that we could get there on time.
五、在主語從句中的用法
如果表示說話人的看法, 想法或意見, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that從句中,主語從句中可用虛擬語氣. 主語從句中謂語動詞用should do表示現在或將來情況,用should have done表示過去情況。
//例句//
a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.
b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.
c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.
六、在賓語從句中的用法
1. wish
在wish的賓語從句中, 通常表示不可能實現或沒有實現的願望, 常用虛擬語氣。
(1).wish的賓語從句用過去式, 表示現在或將來沒有實現或不可能實現的願望。
//例句//
a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.
b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.
c. I wish I could help you.
d. I wish I were young.
(2).wish的賓語從句用過去完成式, 表示過去沒有實現或不可能實現的願望。
//例句//
a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.
b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.
(3).wish的賓語從句若用would, 則一般表示請求, 對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變。
//例句//
a. I wish the prices would come down.
b. I wish you would help me.
c. I wish he would be more careful.
d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.
2.與動詞結合的情況
在動詞suggest (建議), advise (建議), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (堅持)後的賓語從句中, 謂語動詞常用( should )+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式。
//例句//
a. I suggested that we should go there at once.
b. I demand that he should answer me at once.
c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.
d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.
3.與名詞結合的情況
與名詞suggestion（建議）， advice （建議）， demand（要求）， request（要求）， order（命令）有關的從句(包括同位語從句和表語從句等)中的謂語也用 ( should ) +動詞原形。
//例句//
a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.
b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.
c. It was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.
d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.
七、在句型: It is time that中
虛擬語氣用在句型: It is time that(該做某事了)中:that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式。
//例句//
It is time we got up.
八、在if only引導的感嘆句中
虛擬語氣用在if only引導的感嘆句中:
表示但願, 要是......就好了, 其中謂語形式與wish的賓語從句相同。
//例句//
a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)
b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)
c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)
九、在簡單句中的用法
虛擬語氣用在would rather / prefer後的that從句中:表示現在或將來情況謂語動詞用過去時形式, 表示過去情況動詞用過去完成時形式。
//例句//
a. I would rather he came next Saturday.
b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.
c. I would rather that he painted the house blue
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