新概念英語第三冊Lesson 3 An unknown goddess課文長難句解析及翻譯
一、課文原文
Lesson 3 An unknown goddess
Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean（adj.愛琴海的；n.）island of Kea．An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high--were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
二、重點語法及長難句分析
1.The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.這座古城肯定一度很繁榮，因為它曾享有高度的文明。
語法分析：【at one time:表達曾經，一度；是過去時態的標誌。must have been是表示肯定的推測， a high level of 是高度的…如：a high level of pressure 高負荷壓力。 enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明。】
(1) for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.for引導並列句，不是原因狀語從句，儘管習慣上人們都稱for引導的這樣的句子為原因狀語從句，僅僅是因為我們常把它翻譯為“因為……”。其實，這時的for從句只是對主句進行附加說明。如果一定要歸類為原因狀語從句，也要對比一下：because引導原因狀語從句，全句是重點突出原因的，而for所在的句子全句的重點在主句，是突出了主句的。
我們還是把for看作是並列連詞，引導的是並列句，引出的原因是比較間接，只提供一些輔助性的補充說明，似乎是事後想做的補充解釋，或附加的理由，並不是說明主句行為發生的直接原因。通俗點講，主句發生的動作不是因為for所說明的原因，有時甚至可以“倒因為果”。for引導的並列句只能放於主句之後，並且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。例如：e.g.
(1) I do it because I like it. 我做這件事因為我喜歡。
(2) The day broke, for the birds were singing. 破曉了，因為鳥兒在唱歌。
(3) He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能看到我，因為我沒在那兒。
(4) He seldom goes out now, for he is very old. 他現在很少出去，因為老了。
2.They were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.他們驚奇地發現那位女神原來是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。
語法分析： be amazed to do 很驚奇地做某事， 如：
We were amazed to hear the news. 我們聽到這消息都感到驚奇。
turned out to be 結果是，原來是… to be 可以省略。
3. Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea．不久之前，在愛琴海的基亞島上，考古工作者有一項有趣的發現。
本句使用了被動式，強調discovery是被考古學家做出，在以結果、影響、效果為主語的被動式句子中，強調了對客觀事實的陳述。
4. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．一個美國考古隊在阿伊亞.依里尼海角的一座古城裡考察了一座廟宇。
語法分析: 句中which引導定語從句，修飾限定temple。在這個句子中，which = that; stand = lie\\ be situated (vt.) \\be located (vt.), 因此，做句型轉換後，本句可改成：
An American team explored a temple which/ that is located / situated in...。
An American team explored a temple which/that lies in...
stand v. 表示高高坐落於，矗立於。e.g.
She stands 1.75m. 她一米七五。
A great tree stands on the mount. 山上有個大樹。（我們也可以用there be句型來表達中文意思，但是請大家體會以下這兩句的差異。there be陳述客觀事實：那裡有什麼，而文中的句子，強調坐落在島上，以及例句則突出樹，並且很高，代表作者的一些感情色彩再裡面。
5. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．裡面房間很大，牆壁裝飾華麗。
with...作為所有物、屬性或特點具有：e.g. a young man with broad shoulders 一個寬肩膀的青年。an old lady with black hair 一個黑髮老婦人。
beautifully decorated 過去分詞做定語，e.g. a beautifully dressed lady衣著漂亮的女士。a deserted carpark 廢棄的停車場。a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的門。
強調：過去分詞做定語，被修飾詞與修飾詞之間是：被動關係。現在分詞做定語，被修飾詞與修飾詞之間為；邏輯主動關係: a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room。
複習lesson 2的句子: Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.牧師拿著一支電筒走上鐘樓想去看看究竟發生了什麼事情。
6. The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．城裡甚至還敷設了排水系統，因為在狹窄的街道底下發現了許許多多陶土製作的排水管道。
be equipped with 配備，裝備，for 引導並列句，表示間接原因。見第一句解析
beneath the narrow streets，辨析：beneath\\\\under\\below
(1) prep. beneath = under 正下方e.g.
He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.他站在雨傘下面。
(2) under 還有"在進行中" 的意思。e.g.
under control 控制之中；under discussion 討論之中；under repairs 修理之中
(3) below:在下方，強調斜下方位置低於e.g.
She is sitting below the window.
7. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. 城裡甚至還敷設了排水系統，因為在狹窄的街道底下發現了許許多多陶土製作的排水管道。
be used as / be used to be 把...用作為。e.g.
The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
The plastic box was used as a bookcase.
The paper box is used to contain books.
8. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. 每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上過色。
represent vt. 代表e.g. I represent all the classmates.
9. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. 其中有一尊雕像，她的軀體是在公元前15世紀的歷史文物中發現的。
dating 現在分詞，修飾 remains，e.g. the customs dating from 1990
date from 追溯到，從... 開始，date from＝date back to ，e.g.
The castle dates from/dates back to the 14th century.
10. Its missing head happened to be among remains of...
happen to 強調事情偶然發生e.g.
I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰好開過這種車。
He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋裡找到那張票。
變換句式：It happens that......e.g.
It happnes that I met her on my way to work
I happened to meet her on my way to work.
11. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.考古工作者把這些碎片重新拼裝起來後，驚奇地發現那位女神原來是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。
語法分析一: amazed:辨析：surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到驚訝的，語氣遞增: surprised; astonished: much surprised; amazed: very much surprised; astounded 非常驚訝，尺愕，驚奇。
語法分析二: turn out 表明結果 ， turn out ( to be) + n./adj. 結果是...e.g.
Our party turned out (to be) a success.
It turned out that............ 原來是(表示結果)，that 主語從句，it 作形式主語e.g.
It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.
It turned out that his statement was false.
as it turns out 人們後來發現e.g. As it turns out, there was not need to worry.
As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人們後來發現,這篇報告被弄錯了。
12. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip.她身高3英尺，雙手叉腰。
rest on = depend on, lean on. e.g.
His hand rested lightly on my shoulder. 他的手輕輕搭在我的肩上。
13. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.儘管上了年紀，但體態確實優美。不過，考古工作者至今未能確定這位女神的身份。
despite / in spite of +n. /動名詞，so far,up to now 都是完成時的標誌, 到目前為止e.g.
Up to now, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
discover her identity: find out her identity
三、課文翻譯
不久之前，在愛琴海的基亞島上，考古工作者有一項有趣的發現。一個美國考古隊在阿伊亞.依里尼海角的一座古城裡考察了一座廟宇。這座古城肯定一度很繁榮，因為它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3層樓高，用石塊修建。裡面房間很大，牆壁裝飾華麗。城裡甚至還敷設了排水系統，因為在狹窄的街道底下發現了許許多多陶土製作的排水管道。
考古工作者考察的這座廟宇從公元前15世紀直到羅馬時代一直是祭祀祈禱的場所。在廟中最神聖的一間殿堂裡發現了15尊陶雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上過色。其中有一尊雕像，她的軀體是在公元前15世紀的歷史文物中發現的，而她那身首異處的腦袋卻碰巧是在公元前5世紀的文物中找到的。她的腦袋一定是在古希臘羅馬時代就為人所發現，並受到精心的保護。卻使在當時，它也屬歷史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把這些碎片重新拼裝起來後，驚奇地發現那位女神原來是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，雙手叉腰。身穿一條拖地長裙，儘管上了年紀，但體態確實優美。不過，考古工作者至今未能確定這位女神的身份。
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