新概念英語(三) Lesson4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs語法知識解析及課文翻譯
一、課文Lesson4The double life of Alfred Bloggs
These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than clerks who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as' white collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls (n.工作服) and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office as a junior clerk. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'.
二、語法知識點及長難句分析
(一) 重點詞彙
1. manual adj.體力的 （= physical adj.身體的, 物質的）, manual work 體力工作=physical work, mental work 腦力工作
sacrifice vt.犧牲，獻出 （to give up for good purpose）， -- sacrifice one's life for the country為國家獻身， -- sacrifice time犧牲時間、貢獻時間， sacrifice n.犧牲 （-- make many sacrifices）
2. privilege n.好處 （= advantage n.優勢, 有利條件, 利益）。-- sacrifice one's advantage/privilege 犧牲掉某人的好處，privilege n.特權, 特別待遇（= special right）， -- give sb the privilege of doing sth 特許某人做某事，privileged a.榮幸的=honored。
-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.
3. secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隱秘的。keep sth secret 保密
in secret 私下裡（= secretly, in private, privately）: I was told about it in secret.
in the secret 知道內情: He was in the secret from the beginning.
(二) 語法知識點及長難句分析
1. These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. 如今，從事體力勞動的人的收入一般要比坐辦公室的人高出許多。
people who do manual work = blue-collar workers
people who do mental work = white-collar workers = people who work in offices
for more money（far副詞用來加強語氣= much）
2. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as ‘white-collar workers’ for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.坐辦公室的人之所以常常被稱作“白領工人”，就是因為他們通常是穿著硬領白襯衫、繫著領帶去上班。
語法分析：refer to…as…稱… 為….；for the simple reason 因為這樣一個很簡單的原因；that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work 是reason的同位語從句
refer to...as = regard...as 把...看作為: I always refer to him as a fool.
for the simple reason = for 引導的原因狀語從句“出於這個原因”
for the reason that（後加從句）多用於正式文體，==because或for多用於口語中。
He is referred to as a book worm for the simple reason that he spare no efforts reading.
Tom was put into prison just for the reason that he had stolen a piece of bread. 湯姆被判入獄，僅僅是因為他偷了一塊麵包。
He was sent to prison, for he could not pay his debts.
3. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
許多人常常願意放棄較高的薪水以換取做白領工人的殊榮，此乃人之常情。
語法分析：Such位於句首，起強調作用，其後需倒裝is human nature，that引導的從句是such的同位語從句。sacrifice … for….意為放棄…以換取…
such...that... （that引導同位語從句, 進一步補充說明such的基本內涵）
His kindness was such that we will never forget him. = Such was his kindness that we will never forget him. （such在句首要倒裝）; = He was so kind that we will never forget him.
介詞for表示一種目的
be willing to do sth = be ready to do sth 心甘情願做
be unwilling to do sth不願意做某事
4. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.而這常常會引起種種奇怪的現象，在埃爾斯米爾公司當清潔工的艾爾弗雷德.布洛斯就是一個例子。
give rise to =（lead to v.導致, 通向）表示“導致、引起”的詞彙還有：result in、cause
Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 這種行為會引起誤解。
The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的環境引起了犯罪。
in the case of 就...來說, 關於, 就...而言 （= concerning prep.關於, 涉及, 就...說）
Stealing is no shame in the case of him. 偷竊對他來說不是一件可恥的事。
in case of（副詞）萬一, 以防 ☞（in case conj.萬一）
in case of +名詞, in case that+句子 以防萬一
You should ensure your house in case of fire. （ensure vt.保證; 擔保, 保險）
Take umbrella in case of rain 帶上雨傘以防下雨。
5. .When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.艾爾弗結婚時，感到非常難為情，而沒有將自己的職業告訴妻子。
語法分析：too… to… 意為太…以至於不能…
too embarrassed to say 太尷尬而沒有說明
be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 慚愧: Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.
Sb is/are too+adj+to do sth=sb is /sre so+adj+that+從句 太……了以至於不能……
It is too+adj+for sb to do sth對某人來說太……了以至於不能……
--He is too tired to walk any longer.他太累了，再也走不動了。
=He is so tired that he couldn’t walk any longer.
--It was too difficult for him to finish the task within 5 days, but he is able to do that easily now.在過去，對他來說在五天內完成任務太難了，但現在他能輕鬆地做到。
marry 強調動作 -- He married the girl. 他娶了這個女孩。
get married 強調過程-- Last year they got married.
be married （to sb） 強調狀態-- The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years.
6. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.
simply 副詞--用來修飾限定動詞told，“僅僅”
7. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西裝離家上班。
dressed in a smart black suit 穿上一身漂亮的黑色西裝
dressed分詞作狀語=wearing
He go to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
He left home wearing a smart black suit.
8. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.然後換上工作服，當8個小時清潔工。
changed into 換上、變為==change back into 換回
9. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit.
Before returning home = Before he returned home
before和動名詞搭配, 相當於before引導的時間狀語從句。 如果運用動名詞形式，其邏輯主語必須是主句的主語
-- After getting home, he had a good rest.
-- Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.
take a shower淋浴、洗澡=take a bath
10. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office.兩年多以來，艾爾弗一直這樣，他的同事也為他保守秘密。艾爾弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁給了一個清潔工，而且她永遠也不會知道了，因為艾爾弗已找到薪職，不久就要坐辦公室裡工作了。
she never will = she will never discover the secret，在省略句式中, never要放在助動詞之前。e.g.
“Will you go to see her?”-- “I will never go to to see her" = "No, I never will."
discover發現, 辨析：find，create，invent，discover
find主要意思是“發現，發現、得到、找到，找到丟失的人或物”，或指“感到”。
create主要意思是“創造”，經過努力/勞動使事物從無到有，即產生新的東西，其對象往往是理念或精神上的。如藝術、文學作品中的人物以及新的科學領域等，也可指創造出新的具體事物。
invent主要意思是“發明”，發明（過去不存在的事物）、編造、捏造，是指產生前所未有的東西，其對象往往是物質性的invention n.發明 inventor n. 發明家
discover主要意思是“發現”，發現（本來就存在卻不為人所知的），其對象是一直存在但以往未被人們發現或瞭解的東西。如元素、地域或客觀規律等。discovery n. 發現 discoverer n. 發現者
三、課文翻譯參考
如今，從事體力勞動的人的收入一般要比坐辦公室的人高出許多。坐辦公室的之所以常常被稱作“白領工人”，就是因為他們通常是穿著硬領白襯衫，繫著領帶去上班。許多人常常情願放棄較高的薪水以換取做白領工人的殊榮，此乃人之常情。而這常常會引起種種奇怪的現象，在埃爾斯米爾公司當清潔工的艾爾弗雷德.布洛斯就是一個例子。
艾爾弗結婚時，感到非常難為情，而沒有將自己的職業告訴妻子。他只說在埃爾斯米爾公司上班。每天早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西裝離家上班，然後換上工作服，當8個小時清潔工。晚上回家前，他洗個淋浴，重新換上那身黑色西服。兩年多以來，艾爾弗一直這樣，他的同事也為他保守秘密。艾爾弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁給了一個清潔工，而且她永遠也不會知道了，因為艾爾弗已找到薪職，不久就要坐辦公室裡工作了。他將來掙的錢只有他現在的一半。不過他覺得，地位升高了，損失點兒錢也值得。從此，艾爾弗可以一天到晚穿西服了。別人將稱呼他為“布洛格斯先生”，而不再叫他“艾爾弗”了。
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