新概念英語(三) Lesson 5 The facts 重點語法分析及課文翻譯
一、課文Lesson 5 The facts
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two urgent telegrams, but received no reply. He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
二、重點詞彙、語法知識點解析及長難句分析翻譯
(一)【重點詞彙、短語拓展】
1. editor n.編輯，chief editor=editor in chief 主編， edition n.編輯、版本 new edition 新版本、special edition專刊、limited edition限量版、revised edition修訂版
editorial adj.編輯的, 主編的 n.社論, 評論
2. extreme n.極端: go to extreme(s) to do… 做某事走極端
He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.
He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world.
go from one extreme to the other 從一個極端走向另一個極端
extreme adj. 極端的、極度的、盡頭的； extremely adv. 非常、極其、極端地
3. journalist n.新聞記者（特指“雜誌記者”、“新聞記者”；reporter n.(電視臺)記者（泛指）；correspondent n.(電臺)記者, 通訊員（特指“隨軍記者”或“駐外記者”）
4. impatient adj.不耐煩的
patience（n.耐性） patient（adj.有耐心的） patiently（adv.有耐心地）
impatience（n.不耐煩） impatient（adj.不耐煩的） impatiently（adv.不耐煩地）
5. originally adv.起初，原先，從前
original adj.最初的, 原始的
origin n. 起源、源頭、開端、出身
origin of life生命的起，place of origin 原產地，country of origin 原產國，certificate of origin 原產地證書，point of origin 原點、起火點、起始點，be of + 地點、國家+origin 來源於……
(二)【重點語法知識點解析及長難句分析翻譯】
1. What was the consequence of the editor's insistence on facts and statistics?
consequence n.結果
insistence n.堅持, 堅決主張
insist V. 堅持、主張、強調，insist on doing sth 堅持、強調、主張做某事 =insist that+句子
2. Editors of newspaper and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.報紙雜誌的編輯常常為了向讀者提供一些無關緊要的事實和統計數字而走向極端。
語法分析：go to extremes 走向極端
provide sb. with sth 向…提供… ，.provide sth for sb，offer sb sth
provide = supply 給...提供（通常與介詞搭配連用）
provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb
3. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.去年，一位記者受一家有名的雜誌的委託寫一篇關於非洲某個新成立共和國總統府的文章。
語法分析= A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace
in a new African republic.
instruct vt.教, 教導, 命令, 指示, 通知
instruct sb to do sth.= tell sb formally to do sth 正式告訴某人做某事 =order sb to do sth
instruction n. 教導、命令、指示、用法說明，working instruction 操作說明書、工作細則
4. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it. 稿子寄來後，編輯看第一句話就拒絕予以發表。
When the article arrived = When the editor received the article
refuse vt.拒絕（態度嚴厲）
-- I invited him to dinner, but he refused me.
refuse to do sth 拒絕做某事
refuse sth 拒絕某物
decline vt.婉言謝絕、婉拒
5. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace'.幾百級臺階通向環繞總統府的高牆。
which 指代the high wall
surround V. 包圍、環繞，surrounded by 被……包圍，surrounding adj. 周圍的
6. The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.編輯立即給那位記者發去傳真，要求他核實一下臺階的確切數字和圍牆的高度。
instructing(現在分詞作伴隨狀語)進一步補充說明fax的情況
He sent me a letter instructing me to come back immediately.
7. The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.記者立即出發去核實這些重要的事實，但過了好長時間不見他把數字寄來，
set out to do = decide and try to do 決定, 打算, 著手做... = set about doing 決定, 打算, 著手做...
take sb a long time to do sth 某事花了某人很久的時間: It took me five days to write the article.
詞彙辨析：take、spend、cost、pay
共同點：以上四個單詞都有“花費”的意思
不同點：
take後面常跟雙賓語， 常見用法有以下幾種：
(1) It takes sb. ＋時間＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。It took them three years to build this road. 他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋時間,做某事花了某人多少時間。Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。
spend的主語必須是人， 常用於以下結構：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。
例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數學題花了我兩個小時。
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花費時間（金錢）做某事。
例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。
(3) spend money for sth. 花錢買……。
例：His money was spent for books. 他的錢用來買書了。
cost的主語是物或某種活動， 還可以表示“值”， 常見用法如下：
(1) sth. costs (sb.) ＋金錢,某物花了（某人）多少錢。A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋時間,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時間。Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時間才記住了這些單詞。
focus重點聚焦：cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost,並且不能用於被動句。
pay的基本用法是：
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢（給某人）買……。I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個月要付20英磅的房租。
(2) pay for sth. 付……的錢。I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。
(3) pay for sb. 替某人付錢。Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 別擔心， 我會給你付錢的。
(4) pay sb. 付錢給某人。 They pay us every month.他們每月給我們報酬。
（5）pay money back 還錢。May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢嗎？下週還你。
（6）pay off one's money還清錢。
8. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. 在此期間，編輯等得不耐煩了，因為雜誌馬上要付印。他給記者先後發去兩份傳真，但對方毫無反應。
語法分析: two more faxes = another two faxes 數字+more+名詞（es）= another+數字+名詞（es） 再……個……
The cake is delicious, may I have one more?
=The cake is delicious, may I have another one?再一次成功，可能意味著多年的努力。
9. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be Fired. 於是他又發了一份傳真，通知那位記者說，若再不迅速答覆，將被解僱。
another fax=one more fax
if 引導的條件句，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時；句中的條件句受到前面過去式的謂語動詞sent的影響，主句用過去將來時，從句用一般過去時。
1. If you work hard, you can pass the exam easily.
2. My father said if it didn’t rain that weekend, we would go traveling.
10. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. 但記者還是沒有回覆。編輯無奈，勉強按原樣發稿了。
reluctantly = unwillingly adv. 勉勉強強地,、不情願地: do sth reluctantly=do sth unwillingly不情願地做了某事
reluctant=unwilling adj. 勉強的、不願意的: be reluctant to do sth=be unwilling to do sth 不願意做某事
reluctance n. 勉強、不情願: do sth with reluctance不情願地做了某事
11. A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist.Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. 一週之後，編輯終於接到記者的傳真。那個可憐的記者不僅被捕了，而且還被送進了監獄。
語法分析 = The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well.
not only…but also…引導兩個並列的句子時， 必須採用部分倒裝形式，not only引導的句子要倒裝，而but also引導的句子不需倒裝。
not only…but also…引導兩個並列的詞或短語時，前後兩個句子都不需倒裝，謂語動詞的單複數由but also後面的主語決定。
1. Not only you but also he is reluctant to work in such a poor city. 2. Not only has Tom been to the USA, but also be has been to Australia.
12. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that the he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace. 不過，他終於獲准發回了一份傳真。在傳真中他告訴編輯，就在他數通向15英尺高的總統府圍牆的1，084級臺階時，被抓了起來。
he had at last been allowed
= he had at last been permitted
= he had asked for permission
請求被允許做某事：be allowed to do, be permitted to do, ask for permission to do sth
permit v.許可,允許,准許 permission n.許可, 允許
in which -- which指代fax
while和現在分詞搭配, 做時間狀語, 表示“正在做某事的過程中”。
-- 可以用while引導的時間狀語從句去替換。
-- While counting… = while he was counting…
現在分詞做定語：
-- the steps leading to the president's palace 通向王宮的臺階。
-- the road leading to the forest 通向森林的路。
fifteen-foot做前置定語, 充當形容詞的作用，這裡的名詞必須上單數形式。
which引導的定語從句修飾wall, which指代wall。
-- wall which surrounded… （= wall surrounding…）
為了避免和前面的現在分詞句式結構(leading)相同所以沒有用surrounding.
三、新概念英語第三冊lesson50課文翻譯參考
報刊雜誌的編輯常常為了向讀者提供成立一些關緊要的事實和統計數字而走向極端。去年，一位記者受一家有名的雜誌的委託寫一篇關於非洲某個新成立共和國總統府的文章。稿子寄來後，編輯看第一句話就拒絕予以發表。文章的開頭是這樣的：“幾百級臺階通向環繞總統的高牆。”編輯立即給那位記者發去傳真，要求他核實一下臺階的確切數字和圍牆的高度。
記者立即出發去核實這些重要的事實，但過了好長時間不見他把數字寄來，在此期間，編輯等得不耐煩了，因為雜誌馬上要付印。他給記者先後發去兩份傳真，但對方毫無反應。於是他又發了一份傳真，通知那位記者說，若再不迅速答覆，將被解僱。但記者還是沒有回覆。編輯無奈，勉強按原樣發稿了。一週之後，編輯終於接到記者的傳真。那個可憐的記者不僅被捕了，而且還被送進了監獄。不過，他終於獲准發回了一份傳真。在傳真中他告訴編輯，就在他數通向15英尺高的總統府圍牆的1，084級臺階時，被抓了起來。
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