壽山石中的田黃石，是由原生壽山石經長期外力地質作用而形成的。壽山村有一條壽山溪。壽山溪上的高山原生壽山石礦脈，因地殼運動以及風化和剝蝕作用，其中的部分礦石脫離母體，滾落於溪澗之中。這些礦石在溪澗中經過數萬年的流水沖刷侵蝕，其顏色逐漸變黃，零星地埋藏於溪谷沙石泥土的底層，最終形成珍稀名貴的田黃石。可見，田黃石是一種次生壽山石。至今，田黃石僅見於第四紀沉積砂礦中。
Tian huangshi in shoushan stone is formed by the original shoushan stone through long-term geological action of external forces. There is a shoushan stream in shoushan village. The native shoushan mineral veins in the mountains of shoushan creek, some of which are separated from the parent and fall into the stream due to crustal movement, weathering and denudation. These minerals in the stream after tens of thousands of years of water erosion, its color gradually turned yellow, sporadic buried in the valley of the bottom of the sand and soil, the final formation of rare and valuable tian huang. Visible, tian huangshi is a kind of secondary shoushan stone. Up to now, tian huangshi is only found in quaternary sedimentary placer.
田黃石質地細潤、多蘿蔔紋。其外形呈卵狀，稜角不明顯。看不到色紋的滲染，用手摸之有潤滑感。外表常有一薄層黃色或黑色的石皮包裹。穿過石皮，其內部質地溫潤細膩，在強光下可見羅列有致、密而不亂的似蘿蔔內的絲網紋狀微細紋理，即“蘿蔔紋”。其紋理猶如紅色筋絡。
Tian huang texture fine, more radish grain. Its shape is ovate, the edges and corners are not obvious. Do not see the infiltration of color lines, touch with the hand there is a sense of lubrication. The exterior is often covered with a thin layer of yellow or black stone. Through the stone skin, its internal texture is warm and smooth, in the strong light can be seen to have a row, dense and not disorderly like radish inside the silk mesh fine texture, that is, "radish grain". Its texture is like a red sinew.
其色澤深淺濃淡不同，按色相可分為黃金黃、枇杷黃、橘皮黃、雞油黃、熟慄黃、桐油黃等。田黃石顏色以金黃、橘黃、枇杷黃為最佳。田黃石具有黃金般的光澤。半透明或更透明的田黃石，稱為田黃凍，是田黃石之極品。
Its colour and lustre depth is different, according to the hue can be divided into yellow gold, loquat yellow, orange skin yellow, chicken oil yellow, ripe chestnut yellow, tung oil yellow. Tian huangshi color with golden, orange, loquat yellow for the best. Tian huang has the luster of gold. Translucent or more transparent tian huang shi, called tian huang frost, is the best of tian huang shi.
田黃石屬地開石的一種，由高鋁、低硅含水鋁硅酸鹽礦物集合體組成。據地質學家研究，極品田黃石——田黃凍的礦物成分主要是珍珠石，有時可見少量的伊利石。普通田黃石為珍珠石與地開石的、不同比例的混合物。“銀裹金”品種是指純白色、半透明的地開石包裹著金黃色的凍狀珍珠石。
Tianhuangshi is a kind of ground stone, which is composed of high aluminum and low silicon water-bearing aluminosilicate minerals.According to geologists, the mineral composition of the best tianhuang-tianhuang-freeze is mainly pearl stone, sometimes seen in small amounts of illite. Common tian huangshi is a mixture of pearl stone and ground stone in different proportions. The "silver-coated gold" variety refers to the pure white, translucent quarrying stone covered with golden frozen pearl stone.
壽山石文化或壽山石雕的可考歷史，發端於南朝，距今1500多年。早在1500多年以前，壽山石就已被藝人作為雕刻材料。考古發現的最早壽山石雕，當推1954年在福州出土的南朝石豬。到了唐末時期，以文詠石、以文傳石，標誌著壽山石文化已處於生長期。田黃石作為印章石或石雕工藝擺設品的歷史十分久遠，至少可以追溯到宋代。在元代以前，中國的印章多為金玉，堅硬難刻，一般只有專門的工匠才能雕刻。壽山石因為有“軟而易攻”之便，故文人墨客爭相用之。此後，書畫作品加蓋印章的習俗蔚然成風。
Shoushan stone culture or the history of shoushan stone carving, originated in the southern dynasty, more than 1500 years ago. As early as 1500 years ago, shoushan stone has been artists as carving materials. Archaeological discovery of the earliest shoushan stone, when the push in 1954 in fuzhou unearthed in the southern stone pig. By the end of the tang dynasty, the stone culture of shushan had been in its growing period. The history of tian huang shi as seal stone or stone carving decoration is very long, at least dating back to the song dynasty. Before the yuan dynasty, Chinese seals were mostly made of gold, hard and difficult to carve. Shoushan stone because of the "soft and easy to attack", so the literati scramble to use it. From then on, the custom of sealing calligraphy and painting works became common.
壽山石雕藝術真正進入士大夫階層是在明朝。明清時期，已出現了一批技術高超的名雕刻師及其傳世佳作，有更多的文人雅士加入到創作和發展壽山石文化的行列。壽山石文化開始名揚四海。大量壽山石特別是田黃石石雕珍品，被列為貢品而被秘密藏於宮廷秘室。而且，還形成了“東門”和“西門”兩支各具特色的壽山石雕藝術流派。清朝康熙年間，用田黃凍雕制的仙佛、羅漢等擺設工藝品均甚為流行。清朝乾隆皇帝，鑑於田黃石名稱吉祥，視其為珍寶。認為“此石產於福（建）壽（山）田中，為天降福壽寶石”，曾經取福州壽山的大田黃石置於祭祖的供桌上用以祭祖，以取得“福壽吉祥”之意，祈求多福高壽、王土廣袤。從此，各地官府便大量徵收作為貢品，使田黃石身價倍增。不少用田黃石雕刻的印章和工藝品，已成為傳世之佳作，聞名遐爾，價值連城。
Shoushan stone art really entered the scholar-official class in the Ming dynasty. During the Ming and qing dynasties, there appeared a group of famous carvers with high skills and their masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. The shoushan stone culture began to be famous all over the world. A large number of shoushan stone especially tian huangshi stone carving treasures, was listed as tribute and was secretly hidden in the palace chamber. In addition, it also formed the "east gate" and "west gate" two distinctive shoushan stone art schools. Qing dynasty kangxi years, with tian huang frozen carving of fairy Buddha, arhat and other decoration handicrafts are very popular. Emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty, in view of tian huang's auspicious name, regarded it as a treasure. It is believed that "this stone is produced in the field of fu (build) longevity (mountain), for the heaven to blessing longevity stone", once took fuzhou shoushan da tian huangshi placed on the sacrificial offering table for ancestor worship, in order to obtain the meaning of "blessing longevity", pray for more blessing longevity, wang soil vast. Since then, the local government will be a large number of tribute, so that the price of tian huang doubled. Many seals and handicrafts carved with tian huangshi have become masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
田黃石質地細膩、顏色亮麗、稀少珍貴，故有“一兩田黃三兩金”之說。壽山石界有一句俗話，即：“黃金易得，田黃難求”。田黃石之所以有如此至高無上的地位，除了物以稀為貴、麗質迷人以外，還因為田黃石具有“福、壽、田”之意。
Tian huangshi fine texture, bright color, rare and precious, so there is "one or two yellow three gold" said. There is an old saying in shoushan stone field, that is, "gold is easy to get, tian huang is difficult to find". Tian huangshi has such a supreme position, in addition to rare as precious, beautiful charming, also because tian huangshi has "blessing, longevity, field" meaning.
田黃石早在明、清時期就已馳名中外，國際價值遠勝黃金。其它壽山石品種，經中國工藝師精心創作，被國家評定為國寶的作品也不少。其珍貴之處可見一斑。
Tian huangshi as early as in the Ming and qing dynasties has been well-known at home and abroad, the international value is far superior to gold. Other shoushan stone varieties, by the Chinese craftsmen carefully created by the state as a national treasure of many works. Its precious place can be seen.
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