初中英語句子成分和英語句子結構講解及練習
1. 主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (數詞) Seeing is believing. （動名詞） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主語從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）
(一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 謂語（predicate）：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的後面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
3. 表語（predicative）：系動詞之後的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態和特徵。 He is a teacher. （名詞） You don’t look it. （代詞）
Five and five is ten. （數詞） He is asleep. （形容詞）
His father is in.（副詞） The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）
The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）
（常見的系動詞有: be, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）, feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）, taste（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺）……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表語
① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 賓語：1）動賓表示行為的對象，常由名詞或者代詞擔任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之後。如：
I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞）
How many do you need? We need two. （數詞）I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）
I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）
2）介詞後的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）雙賓語-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. (四) 挑出下列句中的賓語
① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? 5. 賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。
We elected him monitor. （名詞） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名詞）
We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in. ( 副詞 )
Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （現在分詞） I’ll have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）
(五) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room
② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 6. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞）
We belong to the third world.（數詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）
The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現在分詞） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）
I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）
六挑出下列句中的定語
①They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
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