UK fashion sales slide as women spend on gym and restaurants
英國時裝銷售下降，女性在健身房和餐廳消費增加
Clothing sales to fall for second consecutive year after shift to ‘experience economy’
轉向“體驗經濟”後，服裝銷售連續第二年下滑
今年前四個月，女性服裝支出平均每月下降4.1%
Fashion sales are in retreat across the UK as clothing purchases come under pressure from tight household finances and the lure of the gym, restaurants and entertainment.
由於家庭財務吃緊，以及受健身房、餐館和娛樂場所的誘惑，服裝業面臨巨大壓力，英國各地的服裝銷售都在萎縮。
The volume of clothing sold is expected to fall for the second successive year, declining by 0.5% in 2018 after a fall of 0.8% the year before, as the recent woes of Marks & Spencer are reflected across the high street.
由於最近瑪莎百貨的困境在整個商業街都有所體現，預計到2018年，服裝銷量在第二年將持續下降，前一年下降0.8%後，預計到2018年下降0.5%。
M&S expanded its store closure programme to 100 sites this week, with the figures from GlobalData showing that the retailer’s problems are an industry-wide issue.
M&S本週將其門店關閉計劃擴大到100個網點，GlobalData的數據顯示，該零售商的問題是整個行業都面臨的問題。
Women, who account for more than half the UK market and spend more than twice the amount men do on clothing, are cutting down on outfits and prioritising time with friends and family at pubs, restaurants and events, and going to the gym.
曾經英國女性佔市場的一半以上，她們花在服裝上的錢是男性的兩倍多，如今她們減少在服裝上的支出，與朋友和家人在酒吧、餐館、活動以及健身房度過的時間增多。
“It comes down to the move to the experience economy,” said Richard Lim, an analyst at Retail Economics. “The likes of M&S are struggling to keep their head above water in a declining market with all these structural changes.”
零售經濟學的分析師Richard Lim說:“這取決於體驗經濟的走向。”“在所有這些結構性變化的情況下，瑪莎百貨等公司都在努力保持自己的領先地位。”
Spending on women’s clothing was down an average 4.1% a month in the first four months of this year, according to Barclaycard. This followed a 2.5% contraction in 2017, when spending on entertainment was up an average 10% and pubs 12%.
巴克萊銀行的數據顯示，今年前四個月，女性服裝支出平均每月下降4.1%。在此之前，2017年的經濟萎縮幅度為2.5%，而娛樂支出平均增長了10%，酒吧佔12%。
Makeup and beauty product sales are on the rise among young women, with many also prioritising paying phone bills, rent and going to the gym.
化妝品和美容產品的銷售在年輕女性中有所上升，許多人主要用於支付電話費、房租和去健身房的費用。
Lim says people either want a bargain – turning to the likes of Primark, B&M, Aldi and Lidl – or are seeking rich experiences at higher-end stores such as Ted Baker, Selfridges and Fortnum & Mason.
Lim說，人們要麼想要便宜的東西，將目標轉向Primark, B&M, Aldi和Lidl，要麼在高端商店積累豐富的經驗，比如Ted Baker, Selfridges和Fortnum & Mason。
Pointing to the part of the market where M&S is positioned, he added: “People are shying away from the middle.” As a consequence, GlobalData expects Primark to overtake M&S this year as Britain’s biggest clothing retailer.
他指的是馬莎百貨的市場定位，他補充道:“人們都在迴避中產階級。因此，全球數據預計Primark今年將超過M&S，成為英國最大的服裝零售商。
The changes in consumer spending are having a painful impact on retail outlets and staff. The M&S closure plan has affected 1,500 jobs so far, with the chain identifying 36 of the 100 stores that will shut over the next four years.
消費者支出的變化對零售商店和員工造成了消極的影響。到目前為止，瑪莎百貨的關閉計劃已經影響到1500個工作崗位，其中有36家門店將在未來4年內關閉。
New Look is closing up to 60 of its 593 outlets and House of Fraser is expected to close at least 20 of its 59 stores under a rescue restructure planned for next month.
New look公司將關閉其593家門店中的60家，而House of Fraser預計將關閉其59家門店中的至少20家，計劃下個月進行重組。
Some smaller chains, such as East and Bench, have called in administrators while even the previously fast-growing overseas chains H&M and Inditex, the owner of Zara and Massimo Dutti, have been affected. H&M closed six stores in the UK in the first three months of this year as sales stagnated; Inditex shut two last year.
一些規模較小的連鎖企業，如East和Bench，已經聘請了管理人員，而之前快速增長的海外連鎖H&M和Inditex, Zara和Massimo Dutti也受到了影響。由於銷售停滯，H&M今年前三個月在英國關閉了6家門店;Inditex去年關閉了兩家。
Rising costs from business rates – a monthly tax on commercial properties – and a struggle to adapt to shoppers switching to online buying have affected a variety of retailers. Meanwhile, households’ spare cash has been squeezed by a rise in inflation since the EU referendum, although the pressure on prices has eased in recent months.
商業地產的成本上升（對商業地產的月度徵稅）以及消費者將目標轉向網上購物，已經影響到了許多零售商。與此同時，自歐盟公投以來，家庭的閒置資金一直受到通脹上升的擠壓，儘管近幾個月來，物價壓力有所緩解。
Historically, the fashion market has been driven by young people, but and Britain’s millennial generation – people born since 1981– is particularly cost-conscious. They have experienced a bigger reversal in financial fortunes than their counterparts in most other developed countries except Greece.
從歷史來看，時尚市場是由年輕人推動的，而英國的千禧一代——自1981年以來出生的人——尤其注重節約成本。除了希臘以外，他們在金融財富方面經歷了比其他發達國家更大的逆轉。
The Resolution Foundation thinktank found that in 2014, British people born in the years around 1980 earned 13% less than those born around 1970 did at the same stage in life.
該決議基金會智庫發現，在2014年，出生在1980年左右的英國人比1970年前後出生的英國人的收入要少13%。
Meanwhile, working women appear to be spending less time on fashion and a rapid growth in online spendinghas hit sales in physical stores. Less than a quarter of clothing was bought online last year, a proportion expected to rise to 27% this year, according to GlobalData.
與此同時，職業女性似乎在時尚方面花的時間更少，而在線消費的快速增長也影響了實體店的銷售。根據GlobalData的數據，去年網上購買的服裝不到四分之一，預計今年這一比例將上升到27%。
“Shopping with your mates as a social activity, that’s a thing of the past,” said Lorna Hall, insights director at the trend forecaster WGSN. “Women are just meeting up for a coffee, at a gym class or going to an event.”
“與伴侶一起購物是一種社交活動，這是以前才會發生的，”潮流預測者WGSN的洞察總監洛娜•霍爾說。“女人約會會選擇喝杯咖啡、去體育課或者去參加活動。”
Hall also pointed to a shift to a less visible market, with young women more likely to trade secondhand clothes online, snap up bargains through services such as the fast-growing mobile phone marketplace Depop as well as eBay and Facebook.
霍爾還指出，將目標轉向不那麼透明的市場，年輕女性更有可能在網上交易二手服裝，通過諸如快速增長的手機市場Depop、eBay和Facebook等服務搶購打折商品。
Depop, which is largely based on trading clothes, said sales were up 100% year on year, with an average of 20,000 items a day being bought in the UK by its users, 80% of whom are aged 13-24.
Depop主要是用於服裝交易，該公司表示，銷售額同比增長100%，英國用戶平均每天購買2萬件商品，其中80%年齡在13-24歲之間。
Hall described it as “almost a dark market” in clothing, driven by a greater awareness of waste and sustainability as well as a familiarity with mobile apps not shared by older generations.
霍爾將其描述為服裝“幾乎是一個黑暗的市場”，這是由於人們對浪費和可持續性的意識增強，以及對手機APP的熟悉使用，而老一輩卻並不曾使用。
It means young people are more willing to “have some stuff for a few weeks and then sell it off and buy more”, Hall said. “It’s almost a dark market, you can’t track it in the same way as retail sales.”
霍爾說，這意味著年輕人更願意“僅擁有幾周，然後賣掉，再買更多”。“這幾乎是一個黑暗的市場，你不能像零售銷售那樣的方式追蹤它。”
Two decades of importing cheap goods from China have also left the consumer at saturation point, said Lim. “In many ways, we’ve reached an abundance of material possessions and the economic value people are attaching to them is diminishing.”
Lim說，從中國進口廉價商品的20年也讓消費者處於飽和點。“在很多方面，我們已經擁有了大量的物質財富，人們對其經濟價值的重視也在減少。”
中英雙語呈現，還可以加強英語學習哦！
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