UK fashion sales slide as women spend on gym and restaurants
英国时装销售下降，女性在健身房和餐厅消费增加
Clothing sales to fall for second consecutive year after shift to ‘experience economy’
转向“体验经济”后，服装销售连续第二年下滑
今年前四个月，女性服装支出平均每月下降4.1%
Fashion sales are in retreat across the UK as clothing purchases come under pressure from tight household finances and the lure of the gym, restaurants and entertainment.
由于家庭财务吃紧，以及受健身房、餐馆和娱乐场所的诱惑，服装业面临巨大压力，英国各地的服装销售都在萎缩。
The volume of clothing sold is expected to fall for the second successive year, declining by 0.5% in 2018 after a fall of 0.8% the year before, as the recent woes of Marks & Spencer are reflected across the high street.
由于最近玛莎百货的困境在整个商业街都有所体现，预计到2018年，服装销量在第二年将持续下降，前一年下降0.8%后，预计到2018年下降0.5%。
M&S expanded its store closure programme to 100 sites this week, with the figures from GlobalData showing that the retailer’s problems are an industry-wide issue.
M&S本周将其门店关闭计划扩大到100个网点，GlobalData的数据显示，该零售商的问题是整个行业都面临的问题。
Women, who account for more than half the UK market and spend more than twice the amount men do on clothing, are cutting down on outfits and prioritising time with friends and family at pubs, restaurants and events, and going to the gym.
曾经英国女性占市场的一半以上，她们花在服装上的钱是男性的两倍多，如今她们减少在服装上的支出，与朋友和家人在酒吧、餐馆、活动以及健身房度过的时间增多。
“It comes down to the move to the experience economy,” said Richard Lim, an analyst at Retail Economics. “The likes of M&S are struggling to keep their head above water in a declining market with all these structural changes.”
零售经济学的分析师Richard Lim说:“这取决于体验经济的走向。”“在所有这些结构性变化的情况下，玛莎百货等公司都在努力保持自己的领先地位。”
Spending on women’s clothing was down an average 4.1% a month in the first four months of this year, according to Barclaycard. This followed a 2.5% contraction in 2017, when spending on entertainment was up an average 10% and pubs 12%.
巴克莱银行的数据显示，今年前四个月，女性服装支出平均每月下降4.1%。在此之前，2017年的经济萎缩幅度为2.5%，而娱乐支出平均增长了10%，酒吧占12%。
Makeup and beauty product sales are on the rise among young women, with many also prioritising paying phone bills, rent and going to the gym.
化妆品和美容产品的销售在年轻女性中有所上升，许多人主要用于支付电话费、房租和去健身房的费用。
Lim says people either want a bargain – turning to the likes of Primark, B&M, Aldi and Lidl – or are seeking rich experiences at higher-end stores such as Ted Baker, Selfridges and Fortnum & Mason.
Lim说，人们要么想要便宜的东西，将目标转向Primark, B&M, Aldi和Lidl，要么在高端商店积累丰富的经验，比如Ted Baker, Selfridges和Fortnum & Mason。
Pointing to the part of the market where M&S is positioned, he added: “People are shying away from the middle.” As a consequence, GlobalData expects Primark to overtake M&S this year as Britain’s biggest clothing retailer.
他指的是马莎百货的市场定位，他补充道:“人们都在回避中产阶级。因此，全球数据预计Primark今年将超过M&S，成为英国最大的服装零售商。
The changes in consumer spending are having a painful impact on retail outlets and staff. The M&S closure plan has affected 1,500 jobs so far, with the chain identifying 36 of the 100 stores that will shut over the next four years.
消费者支出的变化对零售商店和员工造成了消极的影响。到目前为止，玛莎百货的关闭计划已经影响到1500个工作岗位，其中有36家门店将在未来4年内关闭。
New Look is closing up to 60 of its 593 outlets and House of Fraser is expected to close at least 20 of its 59 stores under a rescue restructure planned for next month.
New look公司将关闭其593家门店中的60家，而House of Fraser预计将关闭其59家门店中的至少20家，计划下个月进行重组。
Some smaller chains, such as East and Bench, have called in administrators while even the previously fast-growing overseas chains H&M and Inditex, the owner of Zara and Massimo Dutti, have been affected. H&M closed six stores in the UK in the first three months of this year as sales stagnated; Inditex shut two last year.
一些规模较小的连锁企业，如East和Bench，已经聘请了管理人员，而之前快速增长的海外连锁H&M和Inditex, Zara和Massimo Dutti也受到了影响。由于销售停滞，H&M今年前三个月在英国关闭了6家门店;Inditex去年关闭了两家。
Rising costs from business rates – a monthly tax on commercial properties – and a struggle to adapt to shoppers switching to online buying have affected a variety of retailers. Meanwhile, households’ spare cash has been squeezed by a rise in inflation since the EU referendum, although the pressure on prices has eased in recent months.
商业地产的成本上升（对商业地产的月度征税）以及消费者将目标转向网上购物，已经影响到了许多零售商。与此同时，自欧盟公投以来，家庭的闲置资金一直受到通胀上升的挤压，尽管近几个月来，物价压力有所缓解。
Historically, the fashion market has been driven by young people, but and Britain’s millennial generation – people born since 1981– is particularly cost-conscious. They have experienced a bigger reversal in financial fortunes than their counterparts in most other developed countries except Greece.
从历史来看，时尚市场是由年轻人推动的，而英国的千禧一代——自1981年以来出生的人——尤其注重节约成本。除了希腊以外，他们在金融财富方面经历了比其他发达国家更大的逆转。
The Resolution Foundation thinktank found that in 2014, British people born in the years around 1980 earned 13% less than those born around 1970 did at the same stage in life.
该决议基金会智库发现，在2014年，出生在1980年左右的英国人比1970年前后出生的英国人的收入要少13%。
Meanwhile, working women appear to be spending less time on fashion and a rapid growth in online spendinghas hit sales in physical stores. Less than a quarter of clothing was bought online last year, a proportion expected to rise to 27% this year, according to GlobalData.
与此同时，职业女性似乎在时尚方面花的时间更少，而在线消费的快速增长也影响了实体店的销售。根据GlobalData的数据，去年网上购买的服装不到四分之一，预计今年这一比例将上升到27%。
“Shopping with your mates as a social activity, that’s a thing of the past,” said Lorna Hall, insights director at the trend forecaster WGSN. “Women are just meeting up for a coffee, at a gym class or going to an event.”
“与伴侣一起购物是一种社交活动，这是以前才会发生的，”潮流预测者WGSN的洞察总监洛娜•霍尔说。“女人约会会选择喝杯咖啡、去体育课或者去参加活动。”
Hall also pointed to a shift to a less visible market, with young women more likely to trade secondhand clothes online, snap up bargains through services such as the fast-growing mobile phone marketplace Depop as well as eBay and Facebook.
霍尔还指出，将目标转向不那么透明的市场，年轻女性更有可能在网上交易二手服装，通过诸如快速增长的手机市场Depop、eBay和Facebook等服务抢购打折商品。
Depop, which is largely based on trading clothes, said sales were up 100% year on year, with an average of 20,000 items a day being bought in the UK by its users, 80% of whom are aged 13-24.
Depop主要是用于服装交易，该公司表示，销售额同比增长100%，英国用户平均每天购买2万件商品，其中80%年龄在13-24岁之间。
Hall described it as “almost a dark market” in clothing, driven by a greater awareness of waste and sustainability as well as a familiarity with mobile apps not shared by older generations.
霍尔将其描述为服装“几乎是一个黑暗的市场”，这是由于人们对浪费和可持续性的意识增强，以及对手机APP的熟悉使用，而老一辈却并不曾使用。
It means young people are more willing to “have some stuff for a few weeks and then sell it off and buy more”, Hall said. “It’s almost a dark market, you can’t track it in the same way as retail sales.”
霍尔说，这意味着年轻人更愿意“仅拥有几周，然后卖掉，再买更多”。“这几乎是一个黑暗的市场，你不能像零售销售那样的方式追踪它。”
Two decades of importing cheap goods from China have also left the consumer at saturation point, said Lim. “In many ways, we’ve reached an abundance of material possessions and the economic value people are attaching to them is diminishing.”
Lim说，从中国进口廉价商品的20年也让消费者处于饱和点。“在很多方面，我们已经拥有了大量的物质财富，人们对其经济价值的重视也在减少。”
中英双语呈现，还可以加强英语学习哦！
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