考点一 形容词、副词的功能
规则 形容词作状语表示原因、伴随、结果等,表示主语的状态和特征,不能表示动作的方式,而副词作状语则修饰动词。
①Having been praised by the teacher,the little girl ran back home,happy and satisfied.
被老师表扬之后,这个小女孩非常高兴,满足地跑回了家。
②He walked home slowly while talking to himself and kept puzzling over why the train hadn't waited for him for two more minutes.
他一面自言自语,一面慢慢地走回家,不明白为什么火车不肯再等他两分钟。
[温馨提示] 有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子,对整个句子进行说明或解释,表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首,常用逗号与句子分开。
Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem.
令人惊讶的是,班里没人能解决这个问题。
考点二 形容词、副词的比较级
规则1 同级比较要使用“as+adj./adv.+as”结构。
[温馨提示] 当as…as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:
Although he was disabled, he tried to lead as normal a life as possible.
虽然他是个残疾人,但他尽可能地去过正常的生活。
规则2 比较级前可用much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, rather, even, still, a great deal等表示程度,但比较级前不能再用more。
She sings far/much better than the others.
她唱得比别人好得多。
规则3 比较级前除了可以用程度词修饰外,还可用倍数、分数、百分数修饰。用倍数修饰时,通常用以下结构:
(1)A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B.
This tree is three times as tall as that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
(2)A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B.
The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.
这本字典比那本恰好贵四倍。
(3)A+is+倍数+the size/length/weight/height…of+B.
The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。
[温馨提示] 用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。
规则4“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。
There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world. 父母之爱,是世间最伟大的爱。
考点三 比较结构的几种固定句型
规则1“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”结构,意为“越……,越……”。
规则2 “比较级+and+比较级”结构,意为“越来越……”,表示程度逐渐变化。
规则3 A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”
Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.
发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。
规则4 can't be too+adj.=can't be+adj.+enough意为“无论……都不为过,越……越……”。
You can never be too careful.=You can never be careful enough.你无论怎么小心都不为过。
误区之一 形容词与副词的误用
【误】 You can easy make up an excuse to avoid going out with him.
【正】 You can easily make up an excuse to avoid going out with him.
[分析] 修饰动词短语make up应用副词easily。句意:为避免同他一起外出,你可以很容易地编造一个借口。
误区之二 词形相似,意义有别的词的误用
【误】 I found the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it.
【正】 I found the test difficult, but I tried hard to do it.
[分析] 根据语境可知,此处表示尽力做某事,故hardly改为hard。句意:我认为这次考试很难,但我还是很努力地去应对。
误区之三 比较等级的误用
【误】 People are becoming richer and the country is much more stronger.
【正】 People are becoming richer and the country is much stronger.
[分析] stronger已经是比较级,故去掉more。句意:人们变得更加富有,国家变得更加强大。
误区之四 否定比较的误用
【误】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a good boss.
【正】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
[分析] 此处是用比较级的否定形式表达最高级的含义,故good改为better。句意:为史蒂文森先生工作太棒了,我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。
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