四十年前，中華大地吹響了改革開放的號角。自那以後，中國的國家面貌發生了翻天覆地的變化，人民群眾的生活水平有了顯著提高。許多中國人都多少經歷或參與過這其中的某些偉大時刻，他們切身感受到四十年來中國的迅猛發展，併為祖國的日益強盛而感到自豪。

Forty years ago, China sounded the trumpet of reform and opening-up. Since then, there have been several earth-shaking changes in China's national image and its peoples' lives. Any Chinese citizen who has experienced the events over the past forty years is a witness to China's development.

今年是新中國成立70週年，也是全面建成小康社會關鍵之年。在此之際，

2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and is a year of crucial importance in building a moderately prosperous society. In this series of interviews, China Focus interviewed 15 world-renowned leaders from politics, academia, media and technology to celebrate this miraculous occasion. The series shows that not only ordinary Chinese civilians but many foreign leaders and well-known scholars have also felt China's transformation immensely. They too admit that in just 40 years, China has created several astonishing miracles, and are optimistic about China's future development.

中國奇蹟

China's Miracles

▲ 巴基斯坦前總理 肖卡特·阿齊茲

Shaukat Aziz, former Prime Minister of Pakistan

回憶起上世紀七八十年代的北京，巴基斯坦前總理肖卡特・阿齊茲依稀記得，那時候在北京的大街上幾乎看不到過往的車輛，偶爾能看到一些公交車和出租車，但大部分供外賓使用。消費也不是很便利，外賓來到中國後，需要先用美元兌換成外匯券，想買東西也只能去友誼商店。“八十年代的友誼商店，不是普通人都能進的，外匯券是這裡的唯一流通貨幣”，阿齊茲回憶道。

Former Pakistani Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz can still remember Beijing as it was in the 1970s and 1980s. "In those days, there were hardly any vehicles on the roads. There were a few buses and taxis, which were mostly used by foreigners. When foreigners came to China, they had to exchange U.S. dollars for foreign exchange vouchers, which they could use in China to buy things in the friendship stores. In the 1980s, friendship stores were not easily accessible to people. The only currency that was in circulation was foreign exchange vouchers", Aziz recalled.

▲ 蒙古國前總統 彭薩勒瑪 · 奧其爾巴特

Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, former President of Mongolia

上世紀80年代，蒙古國前總統彭薩勒瑪・奧其爾巴特前往香港、泰國時。途徑北京，在他的記憶中，那時的北京看上去比較貧窮，人們的生活並不富裕，街道狹窄老舊，滿街都是騎自行車的人，汽車也是稀罕物，很少看得到。然而，當奧其爾巴特2018年再來北京時，他卻驚歎：“北京這些年變化實在太大了，如果把我放在這座偌大的城市裡，我恐怕也只能找到蒙古大使館的位置，從一座城的變化就足以窺見這些年中國的改革成效。”

In the 1980s, Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, who later became the first President of Mongolia in 1990, was in Beijing for a short trip on his way to Hong Kong and Thailand. He reminisced to China Focus, "(at) that time everything about Beijing, the life, the streets, the bicycles, the vehicles, etc. seemed very poor and underprivileged." When he returned in 2018, the former Mongolian President discovered that Beijing had changed completely. "I can only tell where the Mongolian Embassy is. Everything else is unrecognizable. That's how much China has reformed and developed."

▲ 哈佛大學肯尼迪政府學院前院長、教授 格雷厄姆 · 艾利森

Graham Allison, political scientist and professor at John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard

美國著名國際問題專家格雷厄姆・艾利森告訴China Focus：“任何關注（中國）過去40年變遷的人，都會感到震驚，這是一系列的奇蹟。”

Graham Allison, a well-known American expert on international issues, beamed to China Focus that "I think anybody who has been following what has happened over the last 40 years has to be astounded. It's been a whole series of miracles."

▲ 韓國總統外交統一安全特別助理 文正仁

Moon Chung-in, special adviser to the President of the Republic of Korea

“從1978年到2018年，中國的人均收入增長了155倍以上。1978年的中國幾乎沒有專利，而截止到2018年底，中國國內（不含港澳臺）的發明專利擁有量已經超過160萬件。我沒有見過其他任何一個國家能在這麼短的時間裡實現如此大的飛躍。” 韓國總統外交統一安全特別助理文正仁說：“1978年的中國一年僅僅生產了10萬輛汽車，而現在每年的汽車產量達到了2900萬輛。如今的中國是世界上最大的貿易國，並且是世界上外匯儲備最多的國家，所有這一切都表明中國的變化是驚人的。”

Moon Chung-in, special adviser to the President of the Republic of Korea, said, "From 1978, per capita income in Beijing has risen more than 155 times. No country has recorded that kind of change in such a short period of time. I also think about how China virtually had no patents in 1978, but by the end of 2018, the country has possessed more than 1.6 million patents. I also think back to 1978, when you (China) barely had 100,000 automobiles produced in China, and now China produces 29 million automobiles a year. In China, the changes have been tremendous. China is the No.1 trading country in the world and the country with the world’s largest foreign reserves. All those indicate that the transformation has been phenomenal."

▲ 貝格魯恩研究會高級顧問 內森 · 嘉德爾斯

Nathan Gardels, senior adviser to the Berggruen Institute

“世界銀行的數據顯示，中國的絕對貧困人口已經不到1%了。僅僅用了40年的時間就做到這一點，這是驚人的成就”，貝格魯恩研究院高級顧問內森・嘉德爾斯讚歎道。

"According to the World Bank, less than one percent of China's population is in absolute poverty. In only forty years, that's an amazing accomplishment," exclaimed Nathan Gardels, a senior consultant at the Berggruen Institute in the United States.

未來發展

Next Phase of China's Development

中國的發展不僅改變了自身的面貌，也為世界經濟發展帶來了機遇和動力。

China's development has not only created changes in its appearance but also brought opportunities and impetus to global economic growth.

▲ 英國上院資深議員 戴維森勳爵

Lord Davidson, member of the UK House of Lords

英國上院資深議員戴維森勳爵稱：“經濟全球化讓世界融為一體，一切國家的發展都成為世界性的。因而，隨著中國的日漸強大，它的發展也會帶動歐盟、英國等世界上其他國家和地區的經濟增長。通過改革開放，中國已成為世界經濟的主要增長引擎，我相信，未來這種拉動作用還會持續下去。”

Lord Davidson, a member of the UK House of Lords, said, "The global economy has changed everything, and the growth people see in the EU and the UK is partly a result from China's development. China has become an engine of global growth through this policy, and that will continue."

他認為，未來中英兩國有很大合作空間，在人工智能、大數據等技術領域上加強合作，可以實現優勢互補，共同推動高新技術產業發展。

He believes that there is much room for future cooperation between China and the United Kingdom (UK), and that China and the UK can complement each other through cooperation in technical areas such as artificial intelligence and big data.

▲ 匈牙利前總理 鮑伊瑙伊 · 戈爾東

Gordon Bajnai, former Prime Minister of Hungary

匈牙利前總理鮑伊瑙伊・戈爾東認為，中國不僅在過去40年中迅速發展起來，成為世界第二大經濟體，而且中國的發展並未止步，“中國已經為下一輪改革做好了準備”。

Former Hungarian Prime Minister Gordon Bajnai argues that China has developed dramatically over the past 40 years to become the world's second largest economy, and that its progress has not stopped. "China is ready for the next round of reforms."

▲ 丹麥前首相 赫勒 · 託寧-施密特

Helle Thorning-Schmidt, former Danish Prime Minister

丹麥前首相赫勒・託寧-施密特期待中國可以進一步開放市場，她說：“我希望中國能夠完全開放市場，接納海外投資。同時我也希望中國可以進一步融入到全球金融市場，這非常重要。”

Former Danish Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt looks forward to further opening up of Chinese markets. "I hope China will fully open its market and accept further overseas investment," she said. "I hope that China will open up completely to foreign investment. I'm also hoping that China gets more involved in the global financial market, as all this is very important."

▲ 春華資本集團主席 胡祖六

Hu Zuliu, Chairman of Primavera Capital Group

春華資本創始人胡祖六表示：“中國仍然屬於中等收入國家，人們的生活水平與北美、日本和西歐相比仍有差距，所以我們要更加努力。中國人非常有創業精神，吃苦耐勞。我們需要通過改革來擺脫舊體制的弊病，並鼓勵創業和創新，以釋放中國的經濟潛力。”

Hu Zuliu, founder of Primavera Capital Group, stated that "we (China) are still just a middle-income country and our citizens have not reached the same living standards as that of North America, Japan and Western Europe. So, we need to work harder. But the Chinese people are very entrepreneurial and hardworking. We need reforms to get rid of the old central planning legacy, to unleash Chinese economic potential by embracing entrepreneurship and innovation."

撰文 / China Focus團隊

圖片 / 網絡

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