高中階段的英語學習，其實就是學語法、記單詞和研究並熟練題型。

其中，語法是大多數同學最頭疼的問題，原因在於其內容之繁雜和零散，因此，查仔將高中英語所有語法項目總結在一起，供大家系統學習。

高考英語語法項目彙總

01

名詞

(1)可數名詞及其單複數

(2)不可數名詞

(3)專有名詞

(4)名詞所有格

02

代詞

（1）人稱代詞：主格和賓格形式

（2）物主代詞：形容詞與名詞性形式

（3）反身代詞：myself, himself, ourselves, etc.

（4）指示代詞 this, that, these, those

（5）不定代詞 some, any, no, etc.

（6）疑問代詞 what, who, whose, which, etc.

03

數詞

(1)基數詞

(2)序數詞

04

介詞和介詞短語詞：

匯表中所列介詞的基本用法

05

連詞：

詞彙表中所列連詞的基本用法

06

形容詞

(比較級和最高級)

（1）作定語、表語、賓語補足語的基本用法

（2）比較等級 ( 原級、比較級、最高級)的基本用法

①構成 -er, -est; more, the most

②基本句型

as＋原級形式＋as. . .

not as ( so)＋原級形式＋as. . .

比較級形式＋than. . .

the＋最高級形式＋. . . in ( of). . .

07

副詞

(比較級和最高級)

（1）表示時間、地點、方式、程度等的基本用法

（2）疑問副詞when, where, how

（3）比較等級 ( 原級、比較級、最高級)

①構成 -er, -est; more, the most

②基本句型

as＋原級形式＋as. . .

not as ( so)＋原級形式＋as. . .

比較級形式＋than. . .

the＋最高級形式＋. . . in ( of). . .

冠詞：

一般用法

09

動詞

（1）行為動詞或實義動詞 ：①及物動詞 ②不及物動詞

（2）連繫動詞 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.

（3）助動詞 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.

（4）情態動詞 can, may, must, need, etc.

10

時態

（1）一般現在時

I get up at six o'clock every morning.

He doesn't speak Russian.

They are very busy.

The moon moves round the earth.

When you see him, tell him to come to my place.

I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.

（2）一般過去時

I was in Grade One last year.

I got up at five yesterday.

（3）一般將來時

①shall ( will)＋動詞原形

I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.

She will be here tomorrow.

②be going to＋動詞原形

I'm going to help him.

（4）現在進行時

We're reading the text now.

They're waiting for a bus.

（5）現在完成時

I have already posted the letter.

They have lived here for ten years.

（6）過去進行時

We were having a meeting this time yesterday.

The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.

（7）過去完成時

We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.

The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.

She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.

（8）過去將來時

He said he would go to the cinema that evening.

Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.

11

被動語態

（一般現在時，一般過去時，含有情態動詞，一般將來時）

（1）一般現在時的被動語態

English is taught in that school.

（2）一般過去時的被動語態

The song was written by that worker.

（3）一般現在時帶情態動詞的被動語態

She must be sent to hospital at once.

The homework will be done in two hours .

12

非謂語動詞

（1）動詞不定式 (全部掌握)

①作主語

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

②作賓語 They began to read.

③作賓語補足語

Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.

We often heard her sing.

④作定語

I have an important meeting to attend.

⑤作狀語

She went to see her grandma yesterday.

⑥用在how, when, where, what, which等之後

I don't know how to use a computer.

Do you know when to start?

He didn't know what to do next.

（2）動詞的-ing形式

（3）動詞的-ed形式

13

構詞法

（1）合成法：classroom, something, reading-room

（2）派生法：worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy

（3）轉化法：hand (n. )—hand (v. ) dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )

（4）縮寫和簡寫

14

句子種類

（1）陳述句 （肯定式和否定式）

（2）疑問句:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句

（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）

（4）感嘆句

15

句子成分

（1）主語

Betty likes her new bike.

He gets up early every day.

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

（2）謂語(主謂一致)

We work hard.

The boy caught a bird.

He is my brother.

They all look fine.

（3）表語

Her sister is a nurse.

It's me.

I'm ready.

He got angry.

We were at home last night.

His cup is broken.

（4）賓語

Tom bought a story-book.

I saw him yesterday.

He wanted to have a cup of tea.

（5）直接賓語和間接賓語

He gave me some ink.

Our teacher told us an interesting story.

（6）賓語補足語

Call her Xiao Li.

You must keep the room clean.

John asked me to help him.

（7）定語

This is a green jeep.

This is an apple tree.

Are these students your classmates?

Winter is the coldest season of the year.

I have something to tell you.

（8）狀語

You are quite right.

She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.

He stopped to have a look.

16

簡單句的基本句型

第一種：主語＋連繫動詞＋表語 ( S＋V＋P)

The bike is new/in the room .

第二種：主語＋不及物動詞 ( S＋V)

He swims.

第三種：主語＋及物動詞＋賓語 ( S＋V＋O)

Children often sing this song.

第四種：主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 ( S＋V＋IO＋DO)

She showed her friends all her pictures.

第五種：主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語 ( S＋V＋O＋C)

We keep our classroom clean and tidy.

第六種：there be句型

17

主謂一致

—Did you go to the show last night?

—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area________invited

A．were

B．have been

C．has been

D．was

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞時態和主謂一致。根據問句的時態可知此處時態用一般過去時。And連接的單數可數名詞作主語，其前用every，each，no，many a等來修飾時，謂語動詞用單數形式，故本題選D。A項主謂一致錯誤；B項時態、主謂一致錯誤；C項時態錯誤。

18

並列複合句

He likes maths, but he needs help.

I help him and he helps me.

19

主從複合句

（1）賓語從句　

He said ( that) he felt sick.

I take back what I said.

I don't know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.

I can't tell who is there.

Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?

（2）狀語從句

The train had left when I got to the station.

I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.

The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.

The earth is bigger than the moon. He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.

Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.

Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.

（3）定語從句

Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.

Show me the picture that you like best.

Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.

（4）主語從句

（5）同位語從句

（6）表語從句

20

直接引語與間接引語

“ I will go to Shijiazhuang tomorrow”，mom said . →Mom said she would go to Shijiazhuang the next day .

21

省略

一、祈使句自然可省去主語，如：

Leave him in peace! 不要去打擾他！

Come at one o'clock sharp. 準一點鐘來。

Listen to me, children! 聽我講，孩子們！

Look both ways before you cross the road. 過馬路之前要向兩邊看看。

二、除祈使句外，還有其他省去主語的情況，如：

Don't know. 我不知道。(省去主語I)

Beg your pardon. 請原諒。(省去主語I)

Had a good time, didn't you?玩得很好，不是嗎？(省去主語you)

Doesn't look too well. 他臉色不大好。(省去主語he或she)

Looks like rain. 像是要下雨了。(省去主語it)

三、Must be somebody waiting for you. 一定是有人在等你。

Appears to be a big crowd in the hall. 大廳裡似乎有一大群人。

22

倒裝

一、全部倒裝

全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有：

1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首， 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：

1） There goes the bell.　鈴聲漸漸消失了。

2） Then came the chairman.　然後主席就來了

3） Here is your letter.　這是你的信。

2. 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。例如：

1） Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.　轟炸機下面發出了一顆導彈。

2） Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：

1） Here he comes. 他來了。

2） Away they went.　他們走了。

二、部分倒裝

部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，並將其置於主語之前。

1.　句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：

1） Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來沒看過這樣的表演。

2） Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.　你在哪兒都不會找到這個問題的答案。

3） Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.　媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。

注意：當Not until引出主從複合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：

1） I have never seen such a performance.我從來沒看過這樣的表演。

2） The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。

2.　帶有否定意義的詞放在句首，語序需要部分倒裝。常見的詞語有：not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：

1） Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.　他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評了送禮的人。

2） Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛要出門時有個學生來找她。

3） No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.　她剛要走時一個學生來看她。

注意：只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置於句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個並列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。例如：

Not only you but also I am fond of music.　我和你都喜歡音樂。

3.　表示“也”、“也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首時，句子作部分倒裝。例如：

1） Tom can speak French. So can Jack.　Tom能說法語，我也能。

2） If you won't go, neither will I.　如果你不去，我也不去。

注意：當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結構。意為“的確如此”。例如：

1） Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。

2） ---It's raining hard. ---So it is.　---雨下得很大。　---的確很大。

4.　only放在句首，強調狀語（副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句等），全句語序要部分倒裝。例如：

Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學好英語。

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.　他被請了三次才來開會。

注意：如果句子為主從複合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴重時才會臥床休息。

三、as, though 引導的倒裝句

as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞， 副詞， 分詞， 實義動詞提前）。此時應注意：1） 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞；2） 句首是實義動詞， 其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。例如：

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.　儘管他願意努力工作，但是他好像從來都不能令他的工作満意。

注意：　讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，後面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。

四、其他部分倒裝

1. so… that 句型中的so 位於句首時，需倒裝。例如：

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.　他害怕得動都不敢動。

2.　在某些表示祝願的句型中，例如：

May you all be happy.　望大家開心愉快。

3.　在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，採取部分倒裝。例如：

Were I you, I would try it again.　如果我是你，我就再試一次。

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