高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。
其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，因此，查仔将高中英语所有语法项目总结在一起，供大家系统学习。
高考英语语法项目汇总
01
名词
(1)可数名词及其单复数
(2)不可数名词
(3)专有名词
(4)名词所有格
02
代词
（1）人称代词：主格和宾格形式
（2）物主代词：形容词与名词性形式
（3）反身代词：myself, himself, ourselves, etc.
（4）指示代词 this, that, these, those
（5）不定代词 some, any, no, etc.
（6）疑问代词 what, who, whose, which, etc.
03
数词
(1)基数词
(2)序数词
04
介词和介词短语词：
汇表中所列介词的基本用法
05
连词：
词汇表中所列连词的基本用法
06
形容词
(比较级和最高级)
（1）作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法
（2）比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法
①构成 -er, -est; more, the most
②基本句型
as＋原级形式＋as. . .
not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . .
比较级形式＋than. . .
the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . .
07
副词
(比较级和最高级)
（1）表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法
（2）疑问副词when, where, how
（3）比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)
①构成 -er, -est; more, the most
②基本句型
as＋原级形式＋as. . .
not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . .
比较级形式＋than. . .
the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . .
08
冠词：
一般用法
09
动词
（1）行为动词或实义动词 ：①及物动词 ②不及物动词
（2）连系动词 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.
（3）助动词 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
（4）情态动词 can, may, must, need, etc.
10
时态
（1）一般现在时
I get up at six o'clock every morning.
He doesn't speak Russian.
They are very busy.
The moon moves round the earth.
When you see him, tell him to come to my place.
I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.
（2）一般过去时
I was in Grade One last year.
I got up at five yesterday.
（3）一般将来时
①shall ( will)＋动词原形
I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.
She will be here tomorrow.
②be going to＋动词原形
I'm going to help him.
（4）现在进行时
We're reading the text now.
They're waiting for a bus.
（5）现在完成时
I have already posted the letter.
They have lived here for ten years.
（6）过去进行时
We were having a meeting this time yesterday.
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.
（7）过去完成时
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.
（8）过去将来时
He said he would go to the cinema that evening.
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.
11
被动语态
（一般现在时，一般过去时，含有情态动词，一般将来时）
（1）一般现在时的被动语态
English is taught in that school.
（2）一般过去时的被动语态
The song was written by that worker.
（3）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态
She must be sent to hospital at once.
（4）一般将来时的被动语态
The homework will be done in two hours .
12
非谓语动词
（1）动词不定式 (全部掌握)
①作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
②作宾语 They began to read.
③作宾语补足语
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
④作定语
I have an important meeting to attend.
⑤作状语
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
⑥用在how, when, where, what, which等之后
I don't know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn't know what to do next.
（2）动词的-ing形式
（3）动词的-ed形式
13
构词法
（1）合成法：classroom, something, reading-room
（2）派生法：worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy
（3）转化法：hand (n. )—hand (v. ) dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )
（4）缩写和简写
14
句子种类
（1）陈述句 （肯定式和否定式）
（2）疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句
（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）
（4）感叹句
15
句子成分
（1）主语
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
（2）谓语(主谓一致)
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
（3）表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It's me.
I'm ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
（4）宾语
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
（5）直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
（6）宾语补足语
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
（7）定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
（8）状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
16
简单句的基本句型
第一种：主语＋连系动词＋表语 ( S＋V＋P)
The bike is new/in the room .
第二种：主语＋不及物动词 ( S＋V)
He swims.
第三种：主语＋及物动词＋宾语 ( S＋V＋O)
Children often sing this song.
第四种：主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ( S＋V＋IO＋DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五种：主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ( S＋V＋O＋C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
第六种：there be句型
17
主谓一致
—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area________invited
A．were
B．have been
C．has been
D．was
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据问句的时态可知此处时态用一般过去时。And连接的单数可数名词作主语，其前用every，each，no，many a等来修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式，故本题选D。A项主谓一致错误；B项时态、主谓一致错误；C项时态错误。
18
并列复合句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
19
主从复合句
（1）宾语从句
He said ( that) he felt sick.
I take back what I said.
I don't know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.
I can't tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
（2）状语从句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
The earth is bigger than the moon. He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.
Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
（3）定语从句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.
（4）主语从句
（5）同位语从句
（6）表语从句
20
直接引语与间接引语
“ I will go to Shijiazhuang tomorrow”，mom said . →Mom said she would go to Shijiazhuang the next day .
21
省略
一、祈使句自然可省去主语，如：
Leave him in peace! 不要去打扰他！
Come at one o'clock sharp. 准一点钟来。
Listen to me, children! 听我讲，孩子们！
Look both ways before you cross the road. 过马路之前要向两边看看。
二、除祈使句外，还有其他省去主语的情况，如：
Don't know. 我不知道。(省去主语I)
Beg your pardon. 请原谅。(省去主语I)
Had a good time, didn't you?玩得很好，不是吗？(省去主语you)
Doesn't look too well. 他脸色不大好。(省去主语he或she)
Looks like rain. 像是要下雨了。(省去主语it)
三、Must be somebody waiting for you. 一定是有人在等你。
Appears to be a big crowd in the hall. 大厅里似乎有一大群人。
22
倒装
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：
1） There goes the bell. 铃声渐渐消失了。
2） Then came the chairman. 然后主席就来了
3） Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：
1） Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下面发出了一颗导弹。
2） Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：
1） Here he comes. 他来了。
2） Away they went. 他们走了。
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：
1） Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。
2） Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。
3） Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。
注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：
1） I have never seen such a performance.我从来没看过这样的表演。
2） The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。
2. 带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有：not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：
1） Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他不仅拒收了礼品，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
2） Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚要出门时有个学生来找她。
3） No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚要走时一个学生来看她。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。例如：
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜欢音乐。
3. 表示“也”、“也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首时，句子作部分倒装。例如：
1） Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能说法语，我也能。
2） If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。例如：
1） Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom让我去踢足球，我去了。
2） ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大。 ---的确很大。
4. only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被请了三次才来开会。
注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。
三、as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词， 副词， 分词， 实义动词提前）。此时应注意：1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词；2） 句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 尽管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像从来都不能令他的工作満意。
注意： 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
四、其他部分倒装
1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得动都不敢动。
2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：
May you all be happy. 望大家开心愉快。
3. 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我就再试一次。
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