揚州有一座隋煬帝陵，位於邗江區槐泗鎮槐二村，是清代嘉慶年間的大學士阮元出資修復的，為省級文保單位，是揚州著名的旅遊景點。
In 2013, two tombs, about 20-30 square meters each, were found on a construction site in Xihu Town, Hanjiang district of Yangzhou city.
2013年3月，揚州市西湖鎮司徒村一個房地產建設項目中發現兩座磚室墓，出土了銅製的銜環鋪首以及金鑲玉腰帶，還有一方墓誌，上面清楚寫著“隨故煬帝墓誌”等字樣。
隋煬帝？他的墓不是早就找到了嗎？怎麼又冒出了一個新墓？
邗江區槐泗鎮“隋煬帝陵”
邗江區西湖鎮“隋煬帝墓”
到底哪個才是隋煬帝的墓？
邗江區西湖鎮的兩座隋唐墓葬
這兩座墓的佔地面積分別隻有二三十平方米，遠遠達不到帝陵所應有的規模和氣勢。
In one tomb, an epitaph was unearthed, bearing Chinese characters which indicate the tomb’s owner as Emperor Yang of Sui dynasty. Some 100 pieces/sets of high-standard burial objects, such as a belt with jade and gold, and figurines of warriors and horsemen, were also discovered, as well as two teeth of the dead who was in his 50s.
出土的墓誌 The epitaph unearthed
西側墓中出土一方墓誌，銘文中有“隨故煬帝墓誌”等字樣，墓中還出土了大尺寸的鎏金銅鋪首，還有金鑲玉腰帶等珍貴文物100餘件(套)，說明墓主身份顯赫。
鎏金銅鋪首 A relic unearthed.
In the other tomb, remains of a dead woman, about 56-year-old and 1.5-meter-tall, were found along with a bunch of burial objects.
十三環蹀躞金玉帶 The belt with jade and gold unearthed
墓內還出土兩顆50歲左右的男性的牙齒。
根據出土的“隨故煬帝墓誌”、十三環蹀躞金玉帶、鎏金銅鋪首及大量文官俑、武士俑、騎馬俑等高規格隨葬品，結合文獻的記載，考古人員確認西側墓的主人是隋煬帝楊廣。
Archaeologists thought that this might be the tomb of Yang Guang, the second emperor of Sui dynasty (581-618), who were killed in a mutiny in Yangzhou in 618.
東側墓有部分人骨遺骸，經鑑定為大約56歲、身高約1.5米的女性遺骸。
東側墓室及其中出土的女性人骨遺骸和隨葬品 The other tomb
墓還出土了玉器、銅器、鐵器、陶瓷器、木漆器等200餘件(套)。根據墓葬形制、墓內出土高等級隨葬品和對人骨遺骸的鑑定，結合文獻記載，考古人員判定，墓主人是隋煬帝的蕭皇后。
However, there’s already a Mausoleum of Emperor Yang of Sui dynasty in Huaisi Town in the same district of the city. And the site has been a famous tourist attraction since Qing dynasty and was listed as heritage under provincial protection in 1995.
帝墓疑雲
西湖鎮的這個隋唐墓葬，真的是隋煬帝的安息之所嗎？
問
僅憑墓誌能認定這是隋煬帝墓嗎？
墓誌銘上為什麼同時出現隋朝和唐朝的年號？
此前不是已經有一個隋煬帝陵了嗎？
為何把新墓稱為“帝墓”而非“帝陵”？
這和隋煬帝的死因有關。
Which is the real mausoleum of Emperor Yang of Sui dynasty?
The new tomb is too small as the resting place of an emperor, but it was understandable as the tomb of the emperor was relocated multiple times.
公元618年，隋煬帝巡幸揚州期間，禁衛軍發動兵變，推舉重臣宇文化及為首領，並縊死了楊廣。
When the emperor was killed in 618 in a mutiny, he was first buried by his wife, the Empress Xiao, in the Palace in Yangzhou, and then was relocated somewhere in the city by a loyal subordinate.
史料記載，隋煬帝陵墓曾多次遷移。先葬在江都宮流珠堂，後改葬於吳公臺下。公元622年，唐高祖李淵下令將隋煬帝陵遷到雷塘。
In 622, his tomb was relocated again to Leitang in the north of Yangzhou under the order the first emperor of the following Tang dynasty.
公元648年，蕭皇后病死，唐太宗李世民命將其屍骨送至江都與隋煬帝合葬。所以專家推測，另一座墓的墓主應為蕭皇后。
In 648, when Empress Xiao, died, the second emperor of Tang dynasty had the couple buried together.
墓誌銘文記載墓主去世時間為“大業十四年”，即公元618年，與史實相符。
墓裡出土的人骨，包括牙齒和骸骨，年齡、性別也和文獻記載的情況吻合。
鑑於隋煬帝在下葬的時候身份已不是帝王，所以稱作帝墓而不是帝陵。
The epitaph unearthed in the new tomb says that the emperor died in 618, and the teeth of the dead indicated that he died in his 50s, both of which were consistent with historical records. And the result of identification, concerning the remains of the dead women in the other tomb, fit the description of Empress Xiao in historical records.
新墓出現，‘舊陵’咋辦
真墓現身，那被稱作“偽陵”的熱門景點，怎麼辦？
在西湖鎮考古發現之前，揚州已經有一座隋煬帝陵，是清代嘉慶年間的大學士阮元捐建，現為揚州著名的旅遊景點。1995年被列為省級文保單位。
Therefore, archaeologists believed that this new tomb should be the real resting place of the emperor, and his wife.
為什麼錯認隋煬帝陵呢？
一位考古專家表示，清代阮元所採用的考證方法與現代考古技術顯然不可比，他只是考察了地形地貌，結合當地的傳說，就認定那裡是隋煬帝陵。現代的考古發掘是重實證的，顯然後者的結論更加科學。
As for the standing Mausoleum of Emperor Yang of Sui dynasty in Huaisi Town, archaeologists thought that it was somehow mistaken by Yuan Yuan, the scholar in Qing dynasty who discovered the tomb first and renovated it.
“偽陵”要“摘牌”嗎？
此次考古發掘領隊、揚州市文物考古研究所所長束家平表示，並不會因此全盤否定阮元的考證，而且從文物保護的角度上來看，阮元所考證和修繕的隋煬帝陵也是重要的歷史遺存，還會繼續予以保護。
Though the real tomb of the emperor was found, the wrong site "would still be protected, as it is cultural heritage of the city," said the leader of archaeologists who excavated the real tomb of the emperor.
Question
怎麼評價隋煬帝的是非功過？
在位十四年，營建東都、遷都洛陽、開創科舉制度、修隋朝大運河，修馳道與築長城，極大促進了中原與南北各地區經濟社會文化交流與商貿發展。
然而頻繁發動戰爭，如親征吐谷渾、三徵高句麗，致使民變頻起，造成天下大亂，最終導致了隋朝的覆亡。
Source: WeChat（絲路雲帆）
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