在语音上,由于V-ing当分词用时,其与名词的关系为形容词修饰名词的关系,所以形容词应轻读,而名词应重读。而V-ing如果为动名词,其与名词之间的关系则为名词修饰名词的关系,在读音上,应该V-ing与名词都重读。在意义上,V-ing如果为分词,则其功能与名词同,与其它名词并用时,表示说明功能、形成要素等意义。
比较下列各组短语
1. a swimming pool 一个游泳池
a swimming dog 一只正在游泳的狗
2. a dancing school 一所舞蹈学校
a dancing girl 一个跳舞的女孩
3. drinking water 饮用水
a drinking horse 一只喝水的马
4. the boiling point 沸点
boiling water 滚水
5. a changing room 一间更衣室
changing circumstances 变化的环境
6. a living room 一个客厅
living people 活着的人
7. a sleeping bag 一个睡袋
a sleeping girl 一个睡着的女孩
8. a falling star 一颗流星
falling leaves 飘落的叶子
9. a walking stick 一根拐杖
a walking man 一个正在走路的人
10. a walking dictionary 一本活字典
a walking monkey 一只走路的猴子
动名词的三个原则:
原则一:V-ing + Subject 表示"(平常)做……的人或作……的东西"。
a cleaning woman 清洁妇
a flying machine 飞机
a washing machine 洗衣机
a working girl 女工
原则二: V-ing + Object 表示"用来做……的东西"。
chewing-gum 口香糖
drinking water 饮用水
reading material 阅读材料
spending money 零花钱
原则三:V-ing + Adverbial 表示"一般人做……的地方、场合、工具等"。
Place: a diving board 跳板
a swimming pool 游泳池
a drinking cup 饮水杯
a hiding place 隐藏地
a living room 客厅
a waiting room 等候室
a writing desk 书桌
instrumental: an adding machine 计算器
baking powder 发酵粉
a carving knife 雕刻刀
a walking stick 拐杖
a washing machine 洗衣机
比较下列各组句子
1. I'll never forget his imitating his father. (动名词)
我永远忘不了他模仿父亲的样子。
I 'll never forget him imitating his father. (分词)
2. Standing here all day, I see very strange people. (分词)
我在这儿站了了一整天,看奇怪的人。
Standing here all day makes me very tired. (动名词)
在这儿站了一整天,使我感到很累。
3. Mowing the twenty-acre field took them two days. (动名词)
他们花了两天时间割了20英亩地的草。
He was intent on mowing the lawn and did not see the squirrel(动名词)
他专心于割草而未看到松鼠。
The man mowing the lawn did not see the squirrel. (分词)
割草的男人没有看到松鼠。
4. Having finished his part of the work, Mike left. (分词)
迈克完成其分内的工作就走了。
After having finished his part of the work, Mike left. (动名词)
5. Taking back to the boss cost him his job. (动名词)
顶撞上司的结果害他丢了差事。
His first mistake was talking back to the boss. (动名词)
他的第一个过错就是顶撞他的上司。
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