『想考高分的人，都關注了考滿分』
10月5日，哈佛大學新校長勞倫斯·巴科在最近發表了自己的就職演講，引發了大家對於美國教育體系的思考。
哈佛大學校長的言行歷來都受到社會各界的關注，因為他們的教育理念往往能夠引領高等教育發展的潮流。在當今風起雲湧的世界局勢中，高等教育也受到了巨大挑戰。在這次典禮上，Lawrence Bacow也給出了萬眾期待的就職演講。在這次時長34分鐘的演講中，他又給世界傳達了什麼信息呢？
你接受的教育，決定了你的人生高度！
中英文就職演講稿
I guess it’s appropriate that I begin with — good afternoon!
我想這樣開始我今天的演講——下午好。
People learn a lot at Harvard!
人們在哈佛大學學到很多！
This truly is an astonishing sight, seeing so many of you here in Harvard Yard today.
今天在哈佛的校園裡看到這麼多人，我很激動。
It’s a great reminder that nobody gets anywhere of consequence in this world on his or her own — and that includes becoming president of Harvard.
這其實提醒了我們，在這個世界上沒有人可以獨自完成什麼了不起的事 - 包括成為哈佛大學校長。
I have been blessed to have people ready to help me at every step of the way, beginning with my parents, who worked hard every day to ensure that I had boundless opportunities. I would not be here today without the love of my life, Adele, who has made my life so meaningful and rich, and also without my children, from whom I have learned and continue to learn so much.
我很幸運能讓人們時常幫助我，我的父母每天勤勤懇懇地工作，為我提供了無限的機會。如果沒有這些愛和親情，我今天就不會在這裡，是我的家人讓我的生活變得如此豐富而有意義，我從中得到了很多營養，並且這種養分仍在每天不斷地讓我受益。
I thank all of my family and my dear friends, who are also family, for traveling from far and wide to be here.
我感謝我的所有家人和親愛的朋友，我們是一個家庭，我們都是來自五湖四海，為了一個共同的革命目標，走到一起來了。
I have been blessed, also, by inspiring teachers and mentors, three of whom I am honored to have with me today — my Harvard dissertation advisors, Mark Moore, Richard Zeckhauser, and Richard Light — to mark it. Thank you for having taught me so well.
我也很榮幸今天和我的人生導師們站在一起 - 我的哈佛論文導師甲，乙，和丙。謝謝您們對我悉心的教導。
I would also like to thank my predecessors Drew Faust, Larry Summers, Neil Rudenstine, and Derek Bok for their thoughtful stewardship and leadership of Harvard over the last half century.
I would also like to thank each of them for their excellent advice as I take the helm.
我還要感謝我之前的幾任校長，Drew Faust，Larry Summers，Neil Rudenstine和Derek Bok。在過去近半個世紀的時間裡，他們為帶領哈佛前行鞠躬盡瘁，也在我剛剛上任之際提出了很多優秀的建議。
A special thanks also to my colleagues from Tufts and from MIT, who taught me how to be a leader in higher education. I guarantee you that there are many people assembled here who pray that you taught me very well!
特別感謝Tufts大學和MIT的同事，他們在以前的經歷中教導我如何成為高等教育的領導者。我可以很肯定的說，今天在座的大多數人都希望他們把我教導的很好！
Lawrence Bacow曾於1998-2001年在MIT擔任Chancellor，於2001-2011年在Tufts擔任校長
Of course, the Harvard presidency seems to involve some unique hazards — and over its long history, a nearly infinite list of potential missteps.
當然，當哈佛大學的校長也是一件很有風險的事 - 在其悠久的歷史中，校長犯錯誤的經歷可以說數不勝數。
President Langdon, for example, was forced to resign after the students found that his sermons dragged on too long — a great incentive for me to be brief today.
例如，Langdon校長由於他的學生不滿他講道時經常拖堂被迫辭職 - 這是我今天得到的第一份前車之鑑。
Samuel Langdon，1774–1780年哈佛校長，神學博士。1776年英軍撤離波士頓後，哈佛大學深陷戰爭泥淖，很多教學活動被迫中斷，財政赤字，且演講又臭又長。1780年學生請願將其彈劾。
President Mather, on the other hand, outraged the entire Harvard community by refusing to move here from Boston, arguing that the air in Cambridge did not agree with him. Fortunately, I actually like the atmosphere here a lot!
另一方面，Mather校長以“劍橋的空氣不好”為由拒絕從波士頓搬家到哈佛所在的劍橋，激怒了全體哈佛師生。幸運的是，我覺得這裡的空氣還是挺香甜的！
Increase Mather， 1692-1701年哈佛校長，任期內始終住在波士頓北部，每日乘渡輪上班。在他的任期內，甚至有四年都不在美國，被人們稱為“隱形的校長”。1701年，Mather的政治對手掌權彈劾Mather，勒令Mather在搬來劍橋和放棄校長身份中二選一，最終他選擇回到Boston而放棄哈佛校長的職務。
Even President Eliot, arguably Harvard’s most successful president, provoked an uproar now and then. He wanted to abolish hockey, basketball, and football, on the grounds that they required teamwork, and, in his mind, Harvard had absolutely no use for that.
即使是Eliot校長，可以說是哈佛大學最成功的校長，偶爾也會引起一些軒然大波。當時他想要取消曲棍球，籃球和足球等團隊競技項目，因為在他看來，哈佛並不需要這些。
Charles William Eliot, 1869-1909年擔任哈佛校長長達40年之久，對哈佛大學進行了長足的改革，在任期間讓哈佛成為了世界上最好的研究型大學之一。
He also tried over and over again to acquire MIT. Rafael, you can relax. I’ll do my best to avoid all such misadventures.
在他的任期內，他還一遍又一遍地試圖吞併隔壁的MIT。 Rafael校長，請你放心，我會盡我最大可能避免這件事的發生。
Rafael Reif，2012 - 至今，MIT的第17任校長。
I am deeply honored to assume the leadership of this wonderful institution, and proud that as the nation’s oldest university, Harvard has helped to shape the American system of higher education, which is magnificent in its independence, sweep, and diversity.
我很榮幸能夠領導Harvard這個偉大的組織，這個美國曆史最悠久的學校，我感到深深的自豪。哈佛幫助塑造了美國的高等教育系統，這個系統在獨立自由，上下求索和多元包容等各個方面都出類拔萃。
I am also honored that so many other great institutions are represented here today, and I thank all of my colleagues from all over the country and all over the world for your good wishes — and, frankly, your support, because this is not an easy moment to assume the leadership of any college or university.
今天在這裡也有很多其他優秀機構的代表，感謝來自全國乃至全世界各地的所有同事的祝願和支持，這不是一件容易的事情。
These are challenging times for higher education in America.
當下，美國高等教育正面臨著巨大的挑戰。
For the first time in my lifetime, people are actually questioning the value of sending a child to college.
For the first time in my lifetime, people are asking whether or not colleges and universities are worthy of public support.
For the first time in my lifetime, people are expressing doubts about whether colleges and universities are even good for the nation.
在我人生中第一次，人們對送孩子上大學的價值產生了質疑。
在我人生中第一次，人們對高等教育是否值得公眾的支持產生了質疑。
在我人生中第一次，人們對大學是否對國家長遠發展有益產生了質疑。
These questions force us to ask: What does higher education really contribute to the national life?
這些問題迫使我們要問：高等教育對一個國家的貢獻了什麼？
Unfortunately, more people than we would like to admit believe that universities are not nearly as open to ideas from across the political spectrum as we should be; that we are becoming unaffordable and inaccessible, out of touch with the rest of America; and that we care more about making our institutions great, than about making the world better.
不幸的是，人們更願意相信，大學對政治領域的思想並不像我們想的那樣開放；人們更願意相信，這種開放已經變成空中樓閣，讓大眾無法承受，甚至把我們與美國其他地方割裂開來；人們更願意相信，我們更關心的是讓我們學校變得更好，而不是讓世界變得更美好。
While there may be — may be — a kernel of truth here, if I believed that these criticisms fundamentally represented who we are, I would not be standing before you today. All of our institutions are striving to make wise choices amidst swirling economic, social, and political currents that often make wisdom difficult to perceive.
如果這些批評真的來自於他們所“代表”的群體，注意是如果，我今天也不會站在這裡了。我們所有的這些組織都在不斷地努力求索，以求在經濟，社會和政治的潮流中作出明智的抉擇，而這些潮流往往掩藏這些抉擇之中的大智慧。
We need, together, to reaffirm that higher education is a public good worthy of support — and beyond that, a pillar of our democracy that, if dislodged, will change the United States into something fundamentally bleaker and smaller.
我們需要共同重申，高等教育是一種值得支持的公共利益 - 不僅如此，我們更是國家民主的一個支柱。如果這個支柱倒塌，美國將從根本上被削弱成一種飄渺的存在。
It’s worth remembering that most of the nation’s founders were first-generation college students. They not only shaped our form of government, they built new universities. Having had their own minds opened and improved by learning, they were certain that government by and for the people requires an educated citizenry.
值得一提的是，大多數國家的創始人都是第一代大學生。他們不僅塑造了我們的政府形式，還拓展了新的高等教育。他們通過學習開放了自己的思想，也更加確信政府和人民需要良好的公民教育。
Even at some of the most difficult moments in our national history, our leaders understood that they could strengthen the nation by educating more of our society. Abraham Lincoln signed the Morrill Act during the dark days of the Civil War, creating land-grant universities to spread useful knowledge across this immense raw continent.
即使在歷史上最危難的時刻，我們的領袖們也明白，他們可以通過教育來挽救這個脆弱的國家。林肯在內戰的黑暗時期簽署了莫里爾法案，創建了贈地大學，在這個巨大的原始大陸上傳播有用的知識。
莫里爾法案，又稱土地撥贈法案，1857年由美國參議員Justin Smith Morrill提出，該法案要求聯邦政府為每個州提供土地三萬畝，用於援建農業和工業方面的學校。該法案通過國會投票後，又在1859年被否決。1862年，時任總統林肯為之翻案，將其簽署為正式的法令。這個法案促成了50餘所美國大學的建立，其中不乏康奈爾大學、加州大學伯克利分校等日後的世界頂尖名校。
President Franklin Roosevelt signed the G.I. Bill just two weeks after D-Day, making a college education one of the prime rewards for national service, and sending vast numbers of less-privileged Americans to college for the first time.
富蘭克林羅斯福總統在二戰諾曼底登陸之後僅僅兩週就簽署了G.I.法案，將大學教育作為國家服務的主要內容之一，並首次將大量收到不公正對待的美國人平等地送入大學。
D-day，the day，1944年6月6日，第二次世界大戰中，盟軍在法國北部諾曼底登陸。
G.I法案，美國退伍軍人權利法案，給予了美國退伍軍人繼續深造的權利。
Every such expansion of higher education, every move toward openness to those previously excluded, has brought the United States closer to the ideal of equality and opportunity for all.
這樣的例子還有很多，每次這樣高等教育機會的拓展，都使得美國更接近那個人人享有平等機會的理想彼岸。
So higher education has not only supported our democracy, but in some sense it has created it — and we are nowhere near done.
因此，高等教育不僅支持了我們的民主，更在某種意義上創造了民主，我們還在繼續為之努力
My friend Drew Faust has often wished for Harvard that it be as good as it is great. To me, the goodness of Harvard — and of all of our universities — lies in the three essential values we represent: truth, or, as we say here, veritas; excellence; and opportunity.
我的朋友Drew Faust時常期盼，哈佛大學能夠在方方面面做到卓越。對我來說，哈佛大學和我們所有大學的優點在於我們所代表的三個基本價值觀：真理，卓越和機會。
Drew Faust，於2007-2018年間在哈佛大學擔任校長。
Today, we have to embody and defend truth, excellence, and opportunity more than ever. We do this not to stave off our critics, but because these are the values that made our nation great.
今天，我們必須比以往任何時候都能更好地去捍衛真理，卓越和機會。我們這樣做不是為了避開那些批評的聲音，而是因為這是使我們國家真正偉大的價值觀。
As we consider truth, clearly, we’ve come a long way from the days when our colleague United States Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan said, “Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts.”
我們的同僚，美國參議員Daniel Patrick Moynihan曾說過：“每個人都有權發表自己的觀點，這些觀點並不侷限於事實的真相。”當我們在這裡討論真相時，我們已經在這條道路上走了很遠。
Now that technology has disintermediated the editorial function, allowing anybody to publish his or her own view of events, our fragmented media struggle to make the distinction between opinion and facts.
現如今技術已經打破了輿論的壁壘，任何人都有機會發表自己的觀點，這使得我們在鋪天蓋地的信息中更難以判斷什麼是觀點，什麼是事實。
The result, often, is a feverish diffusion of rumor, fantasy, and emotion unconstrained by reason or reality.
我們所看到的故事往往勾兌了謠言，幻想和狂熱的情感，超出了理性和現實的限制。
And it is precisely because we find ourselves in this post-factual world that strong colleges and universities are essential.
正是因為我們周圍的世界中充滿的各種被“加工”的信息，優秀的大學和高等教育才更加不可或缺。
Given the necessity today of thinking critically and differentiating the signal from the noise, a broad liberal arts education has never been more important. It is our responsibility to educate students to be discerning consumers of news and arguments, and to become sources of truth and wisdom themselves.
我們今天必須批判性地思考，將內容與噪音區分開來，全面的博雅教育從未變得如此重要。我們有責任教育學生在新聞和爭論中洞悉事實，並讓他們成為真理和智慧的源泉。
Of course, facts and truth are not the same. Facts are incontrovertible, or at least they should be, whereas truth has to be discovered, revealed through argument and experiment, tested on the anvil of opposing explanations and ideas. This is precisely the function of a great university, where scholars debate and marshal evidence in support of their theories, as they strive to understand and explain our world.
當然，事實和真理並不相同。事實是無可爭議的，或者至少應該如此。而真理則必須通過論證和實驗，通過在相反的解釋上不斷打磨。這正是一所偉大的大學的意義所在，學者在努力理解周遭世界的過程中，收集和表達支持他們理論的證據。
This search for truth has always required courage, both in the sciences, where those who seek to shift paradigms have often initially met with ridicule, banishment, and worse, and in the social sciences, arts, and humanities, where scholars have often had to defend their ideas from political attacks on all sides.
這種對真理的追求始終需要勇氣。在科學中如此，那些尋求打破常規的人常常遭到嘲笑和排擠；在社會科學，藝術和人文學科中亦然，學者們也不得不經常捍衛他們的想法免受各方的政治攻擊。
There are both reassuring truths and unsettling truths, and great universities must embrace them both.
有的真理令人如釋重負，有的真理卻讓人如坐針氈。偉大的大學必須同時接受兩者。
Throughout human history, the people who have done the most to change the world have been the ones who overturned conventional wisdom, so we should not be afraid to welcome into our communities those who challenge our thinking.
在整個人類歷史中，那些為改變世界做出最大努力的人一直是推翻傳統智慧的人。所以我們不應該害怕，而應該歡迎那些挑戰我們思想的人。
In other words, our search for truth must be inextricably bound up with a commitment to freedom of speech and expression.
換句話說，我們對真理的追求必須與對言論自由的承諾緊密相連。
At Harvard, our alumni span the political and philosophical spectrum, including those who have served in the White House, in Congress, on the Supreme Court, and in comparable positions throughout the world. Here in Harvard Yard, we must embrace diversity in every possible dimension, because as Governor Baker said so eloquently, we learn from our differences — and that includes ideological diversity.
在哈佛大學，我們的校友跨越了政治和哲學領域，包括曾在白宮，國會，最高法院以及世界各地同等職位上任職的人。在哈佛大學，我們必須在各個方面都接受多樣性，因為正如州長鮑師傅所說的那樣，我們從差異中學習 - 這種差異包括了意識形態的多樣。
As faculty, it is up to us to challenge our students by offering them a steady diet of new ideas to expand their own thinking — and by helping them to appreciate that they can gain much from listening to others, especially those with whom they disagree.
作為教師，我們有責任挑戰學生，為他們提供思想的盛宴，以擴展他們自己的思維 - 並幫助他們認識到，傾聽他人的意見大有裨益，特別是與他們意見相左的人。
We need to teach them to be quick to understand, and slow to judge.
我們需要教他們迅速地理解，但不急於做出判斷。
Let me say that again: We need to teach our students to be quick to understand, and slow to judge. And as faculty, we owe this duty to each other, as well.
重要的事情說三遍：我們需要教導我們的學生快速理解，慢慢判斷。作為教師，我們也應該彼此為之負責。
To paraphrase the great theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, it is always wise to look for the truth in our opponents’ error, and the error in our own truth.
用神學家Reinhold Niebuhr的話來說，在對手的錯誤中尋找真理，在我們的真理中尋找錯誤。
At Harvard, we must strive to model the behavior we would hope to see elsewhere. For if we can’t talk about the issues that divide us here, on this extraordinarily beautiful campus, where everyone is smart and engaged, where the freedom to speak one’s mind is one of our defining precepts, where we are blessed with abundant resources and no one goes to sleep in fear for his or her life — if we can’t do that here, there is no hope for the rest of the world.
在哈佛，我們必須努力描繪和想象我們的願景。在這個校園裡，我們擁有無與倫比的豐富資源，每個人都聰明又努力，把言論自由當作人生的準則。在這裡，沒有人因為恐懼和絕望閉目塞聽，如果我們在這都不能談論分裂著我們的問題，那麼在世界其他地方就更加沒有希望了。
At the same time, we should not apologize for standing for excellence in everything we do. Harvard is synonymous with excellence.
與此同時，我們不應因為我們在每件事情上都能取得卓越而道歉。因為哈佛，就是卓越的代名詞。
We scour the world for students and faculty prepared to demonstrate brilliance in our classrooms, our laboratories, on our playing fields and performance stages, and out in the community striving to make a difference.
我們為世界各地的學生和教師提供教育的資源，讓他們在課堂，在實驗室，在運動場，在舞臺等等等等地方都散發卓越的光芒，並努力為社會做出與眾不同的貢獻。
Our commitment to excellence should never be interpreted as an embrace of elitism. The excellence we represent is not a birthright. It is not something inherited by those born privileged — or even by those born with great aptitude. It is defined by more than numbers, and it encompasses spark and imagination, grit and determination.
我們對卓越的承諾不應被解釋為對擁抱精英主義。我們所代表的卓越不是與生俱來的權利，它不是由那些天生的特權者繼承的東西 - 甚至不是那些天生具有天賦的人。這種卓越不止由一個維度來定義，它包含了靈感、想象力，堅韌和決心。
The excellence we stand for is only achieved through tireless pursuit. Scholarship is about charging down dark alleys, accepting disappointment, and setting off again. It is messy and laborious by definition. Much as we love to celebrate the “Eureka!” moments in our society, they are generally preceded by years of early mornings and late nights.
我們所追求的卓越只有通過不懈的追求才能實現。學術探索就是在櫛風沐雨中，砥礪前行，接受失望，並再次出發。我們在一片狼藉中艱難跋涉，直到我們歡呼“尤里卡！”的一個個深夜和黎明。
We need to remind the nation of the degree to which America’s greatness depends upon this commitment to excellence — and the fact that supporting excellence at college and university campuses does not run counter to the best interests of those who feel left behind by our society.
我們需要提醒人們，一方面，美國的偉大來源於對卓越的追求；另一方面，支持卓越的高等教育並不等同於將社會的其他部分棄置不顧。
Indeed, it is scholars here and elsewhere who have sounded the alarm about increasing income inequality and declining social mobility in the United States, and whose ideas will help us become the just society we hope to be.
事實上，包括我們在內的很多學界人士已經對美國收入不平等的加劇和社會流動性下降發出了警告，他們告訴了我們，想要這種公平的社會成為現實，我們還需要什麼。
The research we pursue in all fields helps to generate new knowledge, new connections, and new insights into the human condition. We work to understand the origins of life, but also the meaning of life. We explore the molecular code that makes us human, and the culture that is equally essential to our humanity.
我們在各種領域進行的研究致力於產生新知識，新聯繫以及對人類生存現狀的新見解。我們努力去了解生命的起源，也去思考生命的意義。我們探知人之所以為人的分子密碼，也求索人之所以為人的文化內涵。
Long after the technologies of today are obsolete, people will still be reading Shakespeare and Gabriel García Márquez; listening to Mozart, Bob Dylan, and the late, great Aretha Franklin from my hometown of Detroit; and contemplating the great questions that have motivated philosophers and poets for millennia. For it is our art, our literature, our music, and our architecture which are among the most enduring artifacts of human endeavor. As the nation’s oldest institution of higher learning, Harvard has a special responsibility to champion intellectual traditions that have defined educated men and women since the dawn of civilization.
即使未來的某一天，如今的技術成為歷史，人們仍然會讀莎士比亞和馬爾克斯，人們仍然會聽莫扎特和鮑勃迪倫，和來自我家鄉底特律的已故音樂家艾瑞莎富蘭克林；人們還是會思考幾千年來激發哲學家和詩人靈感的諸多問題。因為我們的藝術，文學，音樂和建築都是人類歷史文化中最持久的文物。作為美國曆史最悠久的高等教育機構，哈佛大學負有倡導知識傳承的特殊責任，這些知識的傳承刻畫了自文明崛起以來所有受過教育的人們。
We do more than deliver a body of knowledge to our students — we expand their humanity. By teaching young people to appreciate what is beautiful in art, society, and nature, we help them to discover what makes life truly worth living.
我們所做的，不僅僅是為學生提供一系列知識。我們還要擴展他們的人性。通過教導年輕人欣賞藝術，社會和自然的美好，我們幫助他們發現人生在世最寶貴的東西。
Of course, none of our institutions can afford to be complacent about our excellence. We have competitors around the world, supported by governments that understand that the swiftest route to a thriving economy runs through university laboratories, libraries, and classrooms.
當然，我們這些學校都不能滿足於我們此刻的卓越。我們在世界各地都有競爭對手，他們得到了那些知曉經濟繁榮奧秘的政府積極的支持，這些支持體現在的大學實驗室，圖書館和教室等方方面面。
Whether our colleges and universities are public or private, we all rely upon the generosity of the American people, who contribute both to research and financial aid. We are excellent because of them, and must endeavor to deserve their support. So it’s up to us to remember, always, our collective obligation to the public good.
在美國，無論是公立的還是私立的大學，都依賴於人們的支持，是他們為研究和獎助學金做出了貢獻。我們的卓越來自於他們的慷慨，我們也必須努力不負他們的支持。因此，我們要始終牢記我們對社會的義務和使命。
Since Harvard’s founding in 1636, the people educated here have responded patriotically to the call to service. With the exception of the service academies, more Harvard alumni have received the Congressional Medal of Honor than any other school. Harvard people have always vigorously engaged in the great issues of their day, and at this very moment 68 of our alumni are running for Congress, on both sides of the aisle. And our alumni throughout the world are working to strengthen their nations.
自哈佛大學於1636年成立以來，在這裡受過教育的人們從未停下為國家需要作出努力的腳步。除了服務這個學校之外，許多的哈佛校友也獲得了國會榮譽勳章，這個數字比其他任何學校都要多。哈佛人一直積極參與著時下的重大問題，而此時此刻，我們的校友中有68位正在競選國會議員，兩個黨派都有。我們遍佈全世界的校友們都在不懈努力，把他們的祖國建設成更強盛的國家。
We need to ensure that future generations continue to serve the greater good in a variety of ways. It is my hope that every Harvard graduate, in every profession, should be an active, enlightened and engaged citizen. So I am pleased to announce today we will work toward raising the resources so we can guarantee every undergraduate who wants one a public-service internship of some kind — an opportunity to see the world more expansively, and to discover their own powers to repair that world.
我們需要確保後代繼續以各種方式為更長遠的利益服務。我希望每個哈佛大學的畢業生都應該成為一個積極，開明，敬業的公民。所以今天我很高興地宣佈，我們將致力於囊括多方資源，保證讓每個希望參與社會服務的學生，都有機會從更廣闊的視角看待世界，並且有能力修復這個世界中的不美好。
Of course, we cannot achieve excellence if we are only drawing talent from a small portion of society, so our colleges and universities also must stand for opportunity.
當然，如果我們只從社會的一小部分中吸收人才，我們就無法實現卓越，所以我們的大學也必須代表著機會。
In the broadest sense, all of us are indeed created equal: Talent is flatly distributed. But sadly, opportunity is not.
從最廣泛的意義上講，我們所有人都是平等的：人才的分佈是扁平的。但遺憾的是，機會並不是。
Throughout our history, higher education has enabled the most ambitious among us to rise economically and socially. And every step the nation has taken to print more such tickets into the middle class, and beyond, has powered our economic growth and leadership in innovation.
縱觀我們的歷史，高等教育使我們中最雄心勃勃的人在經濟和社會各方面施展抱負。國家採取的每一步措施都致力於將更多的門票送到中產階級甚至更遠的地方，這也推動了我們的經濟增長和創新領導力。
We have to ensure that higher education remains the same economic stepping-stone for those from modest backgrounds that it was for my generation and my parents’ generation. While a college education still helps to level the playing field for those who manage to graduate, the cost of entry, and of staying the course until graduation, has become daunting for many families.
我們必須確保高等教育仍然是如我這一代和我父母這一代一樣，成為打破階級的臺階。雖然大學教育有助於為那些設法畢業的學生提供公平的競爭環境，但入學的費用以及堅持到畢業的課程對許多家庭來說都是令人生畏的。
This is why Harvard’s groundbreaking Financial Aid Initiative, started by Larry Summers and expanded by Drew Faust, is so important. We simply say to low- and middle-income families with earnings below a certain level, “You can send your child to Harvard and we will ask you to pay nothing.” Largely because of this, 268 members of this year’s first-year class are the first in their family to attend college.
這就是為什麼哈佛大學開創性的助學金計劃如此重要，這項計劃由Larry Summers校長創辦並由Drew Faust校長進一步加強。我們希望可以對低收入和中等收入家庭說：“你只需要把你的孩子送到哈佛，你們不用付一分錢。”很大程度上也正是因為這一點，今年的大一新生裡有268名成員是他們家中第一個上大學的人。
Clearly, however, Harvard cannot keep the American Dream alive single-handedly.
然而，顯然，哈佛不能單槍匹馬讓美國夢成為現實。
Our nation’s magnificent public colleges and universities, where four out of five American students are educated, are key. But state appropriations are funding a diminishing share of the cost of that education, so tuition and student debt are rising. This trend is not sustainable.
我們國家有很多優秀的公立學院和大學，五分之四的美國學生在這裡接受教育，這是教育的關鍵。可是，國家層面正不斷為教育提供更少的資金，因此學費和學生貸款債務正在隨之走高。這種趨勢是不可持續的。
In failing to adequately support public higher education, we are literally mortgaging our own future. At a time when other countries are investing more in support of higher education, we as a nation cannot afford to invest less.
如果我們未能充分支持公立高等教育，我們實際上是在抵制自己的未來。在其他國家不斷提高高等教育支持的同時，我們作為一個國家不應該減少教育方面的投資。
As higher education leaders, we also need to do what we can do to bend the cost curve. Higher education is one of the few industries where competition tends to drive costs up. It’s time to stop this arms race, and to consider the benefits of greater cooperation.
作為高等教育的領導者，還有很多我們可以做的事情來縮小這個成本的曲線。高等教育是少數幾個競爭反而導致價格水漲船高的行業之一。現在是時候停止這場軍備競賽了，我們應該開始考慮加強合作的好處。
These can include shared infrastructure for research, joint graduate student and faculty housing, or exchanges that allow us to eliminate some of the redundancies in our curricula and to double down on our specific strengths. I look forward to working with my colleagues at Boston-area institutions to explore how we can collectively do a better job of serving both our students and society.
這種合作可以包括共享的研究基礎設施，加強研究生和教工交流，使我們能夠消除我們課程中的一些冗餘，並強化每個學校獨有的優勢。我期待著與波士頓地區的同事一起探討如何更好地為學生和社會提供服務。（編者按：剛才是誰說的不吞併MIT來著？）
We also have to explore the opportunities offered by technology to improve productivity and access. I am proud that Harvard, in partnership with our colleagues at MIT, has been a leader in opening up educational opportunities to talented students throughout the world through edX. In turn, they have us offered new insights into the science of learning.
我們還必須探索新科技為我們提供的機會，以期提高效率，擴展教育的受眾。我很自豪哈佛大學與麻省理工學院能夠成為這一領域的領導者，通過edX為全世界有才華的學生提供教育機會。反過來，是他們讓我們對學習的科學理論產生了新的理解。
As college and university presidents, we also need to be much franker in framing the choices our institutions make, so as to reveal their true consequences in terms of cost. Traditionally, colleges and universities have been great at doing more with more. But in the future, we may have to do more with less.
作為大學校長，我們還需要致力於將大學進行的諸多選擇透明化，讓大家瞭解我們的開支和這些開支換來的成果。傳統上，大學一直在努力用更多的資源做更多的事。但是在未來，我們可能必須更少的資源實現同樣多的事情。
At the same time, it’s our responsibility to counter any current myths about the value of higher education and to continue telling children, in every corner of this nation and the world, the simple truth: that if they want to get ahead, education is the vehicle that will bring them there.
與此同時，我們有責任反對任何關於高等教育價值的謠言和誹謗，我們要告訴在這個國家和世界每一個角落的孩子一個簡單的事實：如果你們想在社會中進步，教育就是進步的階梯。
College has enabled the American Dream for so many of us — and we must nurture and sustain that dream for generations to come.
高等教育為我們這麼多人實現了美國夢 - 我們也必須滋養和維護我們之後一代一代人的夢想。
My parents came to this country with virtually nothing. My father arrived here as a child, a refugee escaping the pogroms of Eastern Europe. My mother survived Auschwitz as a teenager, lived without bitterness, and always was grateful that America was so good to her.
我的父母幾乎白手起家來到這個國度。我父親是小時候逃離東歐大屠殺的難民，我的母親十幾歲時在奧斯維辛集中營中倖存下來。他們沒有被生活的苦澀壓垮，反而總是很感激美國為她提供的福祉。
This is a common story — this is America’s story. With the exception of Native Americans and the descendants of those enslaved or brought here against their will, most of us can trace our origins back to people who, like my parents, came to these shores seeking freedom and opportunity, and a better life for their children. And many continue to make this journey today, despite enormous risks.
這是一個平凡的故事 - 這是美國的故事。除了美洲原住民和那些被奴役著被帶到這裡的人之外，我們大多數人都可以追溯到那些像我的父母一樣來到東西海岸尋求自由和機會，為自己和下一代更美好生活不懈奮鬥的人們。儘管存在巨大的風險，但許多人今天仍然在繼續著這一旅程。
It certainly is one measure of a just society how well we treat the least powerful among us. But beyond goodness, we must make the case for common sense: that failing to welcome talented students and scholars from around the world is to undercut America’s intellectual and economic leadership.
我們如何善待我們中間最弱勢的人，這也肯定是衡量社會是否公平的一個標準。但除了善良之外，我們也必須要考慮這個現實：如果不能歡迎來自世界各地的優秀學生和學者來到美國，將削弱美國的知識和經濟領導力。
In this global economy, financial capital moves at the speed of light, and natural resources also move swiftly. The only truly scarce capital is human and intellectual capital. That is what a nation must aggregate and nurture, if it intends to be prosperous.
在這個全球經濟中，金融資本以光速流動，自然資源也得以迅速開發。唯一真正稀缺的資本是人力和智力資本。一個國家想要繁榮，就必須聚集和培養人才。
Fortunately, many of the best and the brightest from around the world seek to study at America’s great colleges and universities. In engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences, over half the doctorates awarded each year are granted to foreign nationals. Many of these students will return home with their sights raised, and go on to build thriving companies and institutions of higher learning; to fight poverty, disease, and climate change throughout the world; and to lead their own nations toward goodness and greatness.
幸運的是，許多來自世界各地的最優秀和最聰明的人都在美國的大學學習。在工程領域，數學和計算機科學領域，每年頒發的博士學位的一半以上授予外國公民。這些學生中的許多人將帶著他們的眼界和見識回家，建立起蓬勃發展的公司和高等教育機構；在全世界與貧困，疾病和氣候變化作鬥爭；並引導他們自己的國家走向善良和偉大。
But a considerable number of these international students will do everything possible to stay right here. Rather than turn them away, we should embrace these extraordinary people. Over a third of our faculty were born someplace else. Over a third of the Nobel Prizes awarded to Americans in chemistry, medicine, and physics since 2000 have gone to men and women who were foreign-born. Over 40 percent of Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or their children.
但是也有相當多的國際學生盡一切可能選擇留在這裡。我們應該擁抱這些非凡的人，而不是拒絕他們。要知道，超過三分之一的哈佛教師並不在這片土地上出生。自2000年以來，在諾貝爾化學，醫學和物理學獎的美國獲獎者中，三分之一都來自於這些遠道而來的人們。財富500強企業中有超過40％是由移民或其子女創立的。
America has to continue welcoming those who seek freedom and opportunity, lest we shut the door to the next generation of great entrepreneurs, scholars, public leaders — and, dare I say, university presidents — for it is immigrants that get things done, as Lin-Manuel Miranda said so well in “Hamilton.”
美國必須繼續歡迎那些尋求自由和機會的人，不要為下一代偉大的企業家，學者，公共領導人關上大門。而且，我敢說，正是移民能夠做到這一點，正如Manuel Miranda在《Hamilton》中說得那樣。
I hope that all of us in higher education remain true to our essential values — to truth, excellence, and opportunity. But I hope, as well, that in remaining true to them, we advance those values in the world at large.
我希望我們所有高等教育屆的人都忠於我們的基本價值觀——真理，卓越和機會。但我也希望，除了堅持，我們還應該在世界上推廣這些價值觀。
It’s not enough that we represent the very best of society, in terms of intellectual achievement, freedom to express and explore, and openness to extraordinary potential in all who possess it.
在知識的成就、自由的表達和探索，以及擁有非凡潛力的這些人們的開放和包容，我們去代表社會中最好的一面是不夠的。
We must defend the essential role of higher education in the life of our nation and the broader world.
我們必須捍衛高等教育在我們國家和更廣闊的世界中的不可替代的作用。
And we must reach outwards even beyond that.
而且我們必須向更高的目標去努力。
We have a responsibility — we have a responsibility — to use the immense resources entrusted to us — our assets, ideas, and people — to address difficult problems and painful divisions.
我們有責任，我們委實有責任，利用交託給我們的巨大資源——這些產業，思想和人員——來挫其銳，解其紛。
We have a responsibility, as well, to help America remember its own essential goodness: the kindness, decency, and integrity of our founding principles, as well as the kindness, decency, and integrity of those people who have fought throughout our history to ensure that these principles apply equally to all.
我們也有責任幫助美國銘記自己的善良，那些在我們建國之初所追求的善良、尊重和氣節，以及那些在漫漫歷史長河中為之奮鬥的人們。
It is up to us to leave our country and our world a better place tomorrow than it is today.
我們有責任讓我們的國家和我們的世界有一個更美好的明天。
That is where true greatness lies.
這就是真正的偉大所在。
I am honored to be able to work alongside each and every one of you to reach such greatness.
我很榮幸能夠與你們每一個人一起工作，以追求這樣的偉大。
I am thankful for this opportunity to lead Harvard, which made me better, and which I think makes everyone better—spurring all of us to summit mountains we never imagined we could climb.
我很感謝有機會領導哈佛大學，這讓我成為一個更好的人，而且我認為這可以讓每個人都變得更好，這激勵著我們所有人攀登我們從未想象過的高峰。
Today, I am inspired by the beauty of our mission, our history, and our values, by the power of our ambition, talent, and goodwill, and by the infinite possibilities before us, to use our strengths to help humanity as a whole to ascend.
今天，我的靈感來自於我們的使命，歷史和價值觀，我們的雄心，才能和善意的力量，以及我們面前的無限可能，我們將用我們的力量幫助整個人類進步。
It is a very great privilege to seize those possibilities with you, and I am delighted to begin.
能與你們一起抓住這些機會是我莫大的榮幸，我準備好了。
Thank you.
謝謝。
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