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武漢長江主軸濱水公園 Wuhan Yangtze Riverfront Park
項目名稱：武漢長江主軸濱水公園
Project name: Wuhan Yangtze Riverfront Park
項目位置：中國武漢市
Project location: Wuhan, China
業主名稱：武漢市國土資源和規劃局
Client name: Wuhan Land Resources and Planning Bureau
現況：總體規劃設計於2018年完成
Status: Masterplan Completed in 2018
規模: 503公頃
Size: 503 hectares
服務範圍：規劃及城市設計、景觀建築
Services: Planning and Urban Design, Landscape Architecture
本文（中英）共9905字 圖41幅
總平面圖 Site Plan
亞洲第一長河長江的流域覆蓋了中國近五分之一的國土面積，被譽為中國的“母親河”，孕育並滋養了中華文明，見證了數千年的經濟發展和歷史。然而，滔滔江水的威力不可低估，人們與長江的關係也日趨緊張。伴隨著近年來史無前例的開發，儘管工程和科技加速進步，長江沿岸城市仍承受著嚴重的洪澇災害。
The Yangtze is Asia’s longest river and drains one-fifth of China’s land area. Revered as the “mother river,” it has nurtured China’s history, culture, and economy since the dawn of civilization. This relationship between the people and the river has, in recent years, grown tense. Despite unprecedented advancements in engineering, all major cities on the Yangtze increasingly suffer from mounting flooding damage—demonstrating that the river is far from tamable.
武漢長江主軸作為公共空間網絡的重要組成，創造了連貫豐富的城市一線景觀 The Yangzte Riverfront is an integral part of Wuhan’s open space network, and is designed to celebrate the river’s spontaneity.
中部重鎮武漢與長江相依而生。長江賜予了這座城市廣袤的肥沃土地，也為其帶來了無盡的泛濫洪水。近年來，武漢廣納賢才，積極培育和扶植科技、教育和創新產業，推進城市發展，進而引發了土地開發和公共空間營造孰重孰輕的激烈爭論。在歷經了近一個世紀的工業化進程和城市擴張之後，武漢應該如何復興和傳承大河文化，是當下亟待思考和解決的重要課題。
Emerging because of its relationship with the Yangtze, central China’s largest city of Wuhan has coevolved with the river so symbiotically for the past 1,800 years that every milestone in its history has been tied to the river. Centuries of floods created fertile land for the early settlers, and high water safeguarded the birth of the city. As Wuhan has emerged as one of China’s hotbeds for technology, education, and innovation, land prices have soared and the city faces rising conflicts between development pressures and public demand for open space. It is striving to explore new ways of embracing the river after nearly a century of industrial exploitations and urban expansion.
長江主軸濱水公園貫通現狀不連續的濱江界面，重塑和諧共生的城江關係 The reimagined vision for the park reunites the river with the city and its people.
武漢的大河文化源遠流長。武漢長江主軸濱水公園立足弘揚大河文化，以解決頻發的洪澇災害為主要切入點，融合古往今來城市與江水共生所積累的生活智慧，利用季節性水位變化營造活躍的空間體驗，同時培育豐富多樣的區域生態。
This “river culture” is so deeply embedded in Wuhan that today people still frequent the riverfront parks even when they are flooded—enjoying the rare excitement of such intimate contact with the water. The design of the park celebrates this strong river culture and leverages frequent flooding events as a vital driver of placemaking strategies. Much of the programming along the river is designed to celebrate the river’s spontaneity and incorporate its flooding as an essential element of the ever-changing landscape.Wuhan’s Yangtze Riverfront Park leverages the river’s dynamic flooding to nurture a rich regional ecology, reinforce traditional wisdom and the local identity of living with an ever-changing river, and creates a dynamic recreational experience which is acutely attuned to the seasonal rise and fall of the Yangtze’s waters.
武漢長江主軸濱水公園利用水位的變化營造動態豐富的公共休閒體驗 The City of Wuhan is re-envisioning one of the world’s largest riverfront parks to embrace flooding as an essential dynamic of the public realm.
沿河的灘塗地為維持區域生態多樣性提供了重要保障。然而長江上游興起的水利工程，使得河道內沉積物通量大幅減少，進而引發灘塗地迅速流失，嚴重影響了區域的生態多樣性。基於對灘塗地現狀的分析，設計團隊對河道進行策略性地疏浚和地形處理，營造多樣的微環境，進而促進溼地生態系統多樣性。舒緩的地形變化與季節性水位變化相結合，在不同類型溼地及春池等多種場所類型中，培育了豐富多樣的植物群落。“四時之景不同，而樂亦無窮也。”
The river’s mudflats continue to play a critical role in supporting biodiversity and delivering crucial ecosystem services, but the sediment flux of the Yangtze River has dropped tremendously due to numerous upstream hydrological projects along the river. The rapid disappearance of these mudflats places regional biodiversity in jeopardy. Through strategic dredging and grading, the design creates heterogeneous microenvironments that host a wide variety of distinct wetland ecosystems in the mudflats. Nuanced topography, coupled with the river’s frequent water level fluctuations, enable complex plant communities to grow. From emergent marshlands to vernal pools, these typologies create an evolving landscape character throughout the year.
設計從橋樑、碼頭、江灘、公園、臨街界面等五個主要元素為切入點，為多重挑戰提供詳細解決策略 Comprehensive toolkits provide flexible solutions to the riverfront’s various conditions and complex challenges.
澇季時，一系列蜿蜒的次級溪流流入灘塗地，為水生動植物提供豐富的棲地，也為遊客，尤其是皮划艇愛好者，提供了靜謐怡人的樂水空間。在旱季，遊客可踏溪床穿梭漫遊於濃密高草叢中，體驗獨特野趣。
A series of sinuous secondary streams are graded to emerge in the mudflats during mid-high water levels, and provide alternative passages for aquatic wildlife, as well as safe corridors for kayaking. This strategy creates a tranquil experience amid tall marsh grasses, even when the Yangtze’s waters roar. During dry months, these stream beds function as informal pathways for visitors to explore, slicing through the dense grasses.
舒緩的地形與季節性水位變化相結合，培育了豐富的植物群落，提供多樣的景觀體驗 Nuanced topographic changes, coupled with seasonally fluctuating water levels, unite to establish a dynamic and ecologically complex wetland landscape.
廣闊的溼地灘塗內，供龜類和兩棲動物歇憩的朽木，供水底培育魚類的水下叢林，供水禽築巢歇腳的樹樁等景觀元素為野生動物創造了舒適友好的棲息環境。隱匿於樹林中的觀鳥臺，則為野生動物愛好者提供了絕佳的觀測場所。團隊進一步研究明確了長江流域主要灘塗野生物種的棲息地斑塊尺寸，以避免其被人類活動侵入。在洪澇期，灘塗地內的活動場地重新成為河流的一部分，並行使其作為野生動物的棲息地的生態功能。
Alongside logs for turtles to loaf on and submerged fish structures, waterfowl nesting platforms are installed in the open marsh. Discreet birding stations within the tree groves offer viewing opportunities for wildlife enthusiasts. Recreational spaces are arranged based on careful calculations of the dispersing distances for the key wildlife species in the river basin such that they do not intrude into the primary habitats. During floods, the recreational fields in the mudflats are temporarily returned to the river and repopulated by fish and waterfowl.
設計通過對河道進行疏浚和地形微處理，改善灘塗生態功能，為公眾提供四季分明的豐富活動空間 Strategic dredging and grading improves the ecological function of the existing mudflats and educate the public about its important seasonal changes.
廢棄的貨運火車碼頭在保留場所記憶的同時成為最有特色的濱江公園節點 Abandoned railyards are adapted as vibrant cultural and recreational uses along the river.
在保留場所記憶的同時重新煥發生機的貨運火車站碼頭遺址 The decommissioned freight train ferry terminal is an example of adaptive reuse which offers new experiences while referencing the industrial legacy of the waterfront.
除了生態方面的考量，設計也充分呈現了武漢豐富的工業發展史，將一系列具有豐富歷史內涵的地標納入濱水公園中。基地內佔地面積較大且廢棄多年的車輛段，貨運火車站碼頭遺址等，都作為主要設計節點進行展現。在保留場所記憶的同時，設計也為遊客創造了豐富多樣的親水體驗。江上多組相互連接的躉船上設置了餐廳、畫廊以及社區花園等活動區。躉船隨水位漲落而上下浮動，充分體現了與水共生的場所體驗，同時呈現了一幅欣欣向榮的濱水文化新畫卷。
Wuhan’s rich industrial history is also celebrated, with historical landmarks highlighted throughout in the riverfront park. Though largely abandoned, the site’s massive railyards and remnants of freight train ferry terminals have a strong visual presence. This heavy-duty infrastructure offers engaging platforms for park visitors to more intimately experience the river, while a series of barges are connected to form a floating promenade. This promenade rises and falls with the river, and delineates a uniquely dynamic space in between. The design of the riverfront park repurposes these industrial relics as vibrant waterfront hubs of new cultural and recreational uses, including floating plazas, restaurants, galleries, and even a floating community garden.
江上多組相互連接的躉船上設置了餐廳、畫廊以及社區花園等多樣的活動空間 Decommissioned barges are converted to floating parks, performance stages, restaurants, and a floating museum.
水位的漲落不僅見證了貨運火車碼頭遺址的歷史，也提供了豐富多樣的現代觀感和場所體驗 When water levels are low, the park reveals its former industrial heritage and offers a unique waterfront experience.
高水位時作為藝術裝置呈現的碼頭遺址 Rising water levels triggers an interactive light installation that accents the inundated industrial remnants.
靈活的藝術展演場所向公共提供親水空間並展示動態的長江水文 Flexible art and performance spaces promote public understanding and appreciation of river dynamics.
三陽路市民廣場生機勃勃的的市民過早景象 The vibrant morning market at Sanyang plaza celebrates the diversity of it surrounding neighborhoods.
水位的漲落創造了獨特的臨江廣場 (圖示低水位時廣場上活躍的空間場景)。 The promenade is designed to rise and fall with the river where floodable plazas reveal themselves to accommodate a variety of uses when water levels are low.
高水位時被淹沒的臨江廣場及漂浮花園豐富的濱水景觀 Submerged during high water events, the plaza accentuates the river’s dynamics and highlights the flexible landscape of the floating garden converted from industrial barges.
在南岸嘴標誌性的“江漢之心”，遊客可縱覽長江漢江交匯的壯麗圖景和一水兩色的奇觀。“長江文明之心”博物館於長江大堤拔地而起，活躍的江岸景象和蓬勃的城市天際線在此一覽無餘。
At the iconic “Tip of China”—the peninsula at the scenic confluence of the Yangtze the Han rivers—the distinct color of the water of the two rivers clash abruptly with a clearly visible boundary in the middle of the Yangtze. Here, the Museum of the Yangtze rises from the levees and offers an uninterrupted panorama of Wuhan’s waterfront and burgeoning skyline.
在長江漢江交匯處的觀賞“長江文明之心”博物館，活躍的江岸景象和蓬勃的城市天際線一覽無遺。 The “Tip of China” is an iconic cultural space where the Yangtze and the Han rivers converge.
長江博物館與堤壩結構有機融合，俯瞰兩江環抱、縱覽武漢天際線。 The Yangtze River museum arises from the levee, taking advantage of panoramic views to the Wuhan skyline.
遠觀南岸嘴活躍的江岸景象和蓬勃的城市天際線 The park provides a landscape foreground to Wuhan’s riverfront skyline.
透過線上意見徵集活動，廣大巿民對設計方案表達了熱烈支持，也就武漢長江主軸濱水區的未來發展方向取得了廣泛共識。在整個項目過程當中，設計團隊與甲方合作整合了逾65, 000條公眾意見，有效地推動了設計的核心概念和優化。同時，當地民間團體組識了一系列公眾探討及基地調研活動，積極推動了濱江區域景觀管理的公共參與性。當地青少年和兒童也參與到基地調研活動中來，並用畫筆表達了他們對濱水公園的期冀。
A web-based outreach effort generated fruitful public support of the design, and consensus on the future of Wuhan’s waterfront. Throughout the design process, over 65,000 public comments were collected, helping to inform design various iterations. Local civic groups also organized a series of public meetings and site tours to promote stewardship of the river’s public landscapes. Local youth were also invited to portray their vision for the waterfront park at an event on site.
設計團隊以網站的形式鼓勵和協助公眾互動，推進設計概念的生成和優化 An interactive was created to encourage and facilitate public engagement which guided an iterative design process.
當地民間團體組織了一系列公眾探討及基地調研活動，推動濱江空間管理的公共參與性。 Public meetings and citizen site tours during the design process encouraged community engagement and stewardship of the riverfront.
武漢長江主軸濱水公園總體規劃以公眾參與為基礎，締造多元共生，生態和諧 的濱水空間，復興和傳承大河文化，以城江新韻展現武漢人民世代以來與江共存的獨特哲學。
Built upon a strong consensus from the public engagement, the master plan for the Wuhan Yangtze Riverfront Park creates a socially inclusive and ecologically meaningful waterfront with a strong cultural identity that embraces the Wuhan’s unique philosophy derived from centuries of living alongside a dynamic river.
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