高考必考語法精講精練
語法專題三：冠詞
冠詞是一種虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,通常放在一個名詞的前面,幫助說明該名詞的詞義，冠詞是高考必考內容之一。冠詞有三種： 定冠詞（the）和不定冠詞（a/an）和零冠詞。《2017年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試大綱》附錄語法項目表中對冠詞的考查：冠詞的一般用法。縱觀歷年高考試題，試題中出現的考點主要有：冠詞的位置；冠詞的最基本的用法，理解泛指與類指、特指與專指的區別；冠詞的習慣用法。
2015年高考全國卷Ⅰ第72題考查的是定冠詞the加在可數名詞前面表示特指。
2016年高考全國卷Ⅰ第70題（語法填空）考查的是定冠詞the加在代詞other前面表示特指；第78題（短文改錯）考查的是將定冠詞the改為不定冠詞a表示泛指。
2017年高考全國卷Ⅰ第65題（語法填空）考查的是固定短語as a result裡的不定冠詞a；第72題（短文改錯）考查的是序數詞first前面加定冠詞the（根據語境也可以加代詞my）。
I.冠詞的基本用法:
在學習冠詞的用法時，必須明確特指與泛指的概念，特指是大家都知道的所指的事物或內容；泛指是指不明確、不特別指明的或者一類中任何具有代表性的人或事物。名詞前用哪一個冠詞、用還是不用冠詞通常取決於名詞的類別和意義。也就是名詞可數還是不可數、單數還是複數、特指還是泛指。它們的關係可以用下表表示：
II.不定冠詞的用法：
III. 定冠詞的用法：
IV. 零冠詞的用法：
V.高考英語短文改錯及語法填空考點分析及訓練·冠詞
考點規律分析：短文改錯對冠詞的考查主要涉及冠詞的誤加和漏用，有時也考查不定冠詞與定冠詞以及零冠詞的用法區別(包括 a 與 an 的區別)。其中，涉及最多的是，當一個單數可數名詞表示泛指時，其前漏用不定冠詞；另外，冠詞在一些習語中的用法也是一個重要考點。語法填空主要涉及冠詞的添加與選擇。
冠詞單句改錯之真題訓練：
1. After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.
2. I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.
3. Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.
4. Good health is person's most valuable possession.
5. Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.
6. There is public library in every town in Britain.
7. Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.
8. Today I visited the Smiths — my first visit to a American family.
9. Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team.
10. Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another.
11. I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.
12. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
13. For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奧秘).
14. We may be one family and live under a same roof.
15. As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.
16. My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
17. When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival.
18. On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.
19. And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime.
20. Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire.
21. As we all left home at early age,…
冠詞單句改錯之模擬訓練：
1. Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.
2. It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.
3. It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.
4. My friend Mary comes from an European country.
5. Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.
6. In small village like this, everybody knows everybody else.
7. Only few of the children can read such books.
8. For long time neither of us spoke to each other.
9. Look, a girl in blue is my cousin.
10. Look! A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful.
11. She asked whether we came from a same city.
12. The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round.
13. You don't know what wonderful time we've had.
14. People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
15. Soon the plane was out of the sight.
16. Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978.
17. In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him.
18. You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words, you stole it.
冠詞單句語法填空之真題訓練：
1.In 1931，Addams became________ first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
2.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
3.In that case, we will learn little about ________world.
4.A new collection of photos brings ________unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
5.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with ________interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果園)．
6.It was ________ cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow
7.They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make ________ difference in the lives of others.
8.El Ninõ， ________Spanish term for "the Christ child"， was named by South American fisherman.
9.________prize for the winner of the competition is ________two-week holiday in Paris.
10.—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's ________ wet blanket（令人掃興的人）.
11.Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
12.I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.
13.________ more learned a man is，________more modest he usually becomes.
14.Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.
冠詞用法比較繁瑣，如果有不解之處，歡迎同學留言提問，我一定會認真解答。
參考答案及解析
冠詞單句改錯之真題訓練：
1.a 改為 an，因 hour 讀音以元音開頭
2.the 改為 a，因此處並非特指，而是泛指
3.去掉 the，因這裡的 books 表泛指，不表特指
4.person's 前加 a，這裡的 a 表泛指
5.去掉 the，因health 表泛指
6.public library 前加 a，因這裡的 public library 是單數可數名詞表泛指，故在其前用 a
7.a 改為 the，因從含義上看，此處的 winter holidays 屬特指或者是談話雙方都知道的
8.a 改為 an，因 American 的讀音以元音開頭
9.captain 前加冠詞 the，captain 為特指
10.the 改為 one，one 與下一行的 another 構成"一個……另一個"
11.wonderful 前加 a，該表達與 have a good time 類似，其中的 a 不可省
12.去掉 a，catch sight of 是習語，意為"看見、瞥見"
13.去掉 the，rain 在此泛指
14.a 改為 the，因 same 前應用定冠詞
15.在 famous 前加 a，注意 mountain 是單數可數名詞
16.my diary 改為 a diary，keep a diary 意為"寫日記"
17.boy 前加 a，因 boy 為可數名詞
18.a 改為 the，因這不是泛指的週末，而是特指本週週末
19.lifetime 前加a，指人的一生是 a lifetime
20.fire 前加 the，因這是特指的一場火災
21.early前加an，at an early age意為"在年幼時"
冠詞單句改錯之模擬訓練：
【參考答案】
(1) nurse 前加 a，因 nurse 為可數名詞。
(2) such 後加 a，dinner 受形容詞修飾時，其前通常要加不定冠詞。
(3) a 改為 an，因 umbrella 的讀音以元音開頭。
(4) an 改為 a，因 European 的讀音不是以元音開頭。
(5) physics 前加 a，因 teacher 為可數名詞。
(6) small 前加 a，因 village 為可數名詞，在句中表泛指。
(7) few 前加 a，因其前有 only 修飾，即習慣上說 only a few。
(8) long 前加 a，a long time 意為"很長一段時間"。
(9) a 改為 the，此處為特指用法。
(10) 第二個 A 改為 The，特指前面已提到的事物。
(11) a 改為 the，因 same 前習慣上用定冠詞，不用不定冠詞。
(12) 去掉 the，在此 snow 為泛指用法。
(13) wonderful 前加 a，因 have a wonderful time 為習慣表達。
(14) 去掉 the，因 make fun of 為習語，意為"取笑"。
(15) 去掉 the，因 out of sight 為習語，意為"看不見"。
(16) 去掉 the，因 take place為習語，意為"發生"。
(17) the 改為 a，因 in a word 為習語，意為"總之"、"一句話"。
(18) 去掉 the，因 in other words 為習語，意為"換句話說"。
冠詞單句語法填空之真題訓練：
1．the [序數詞前面加定冠詞the。]
2．a [考查不定冠詞的用法。讓你的身體和思想休息一會。固定表達for a while一會兒。]
3．world前加the [考查定冠詞的用法。此處特指我們所生活的這個世界。]
4．an [unsuccessful前面用an修飾。][來源:學科網Z-X-X-K]
5．an [interest是名詞，前面應用an。]
6．a [考查泛指概念。句意：這是1925年阿拉斯加北部一個十分寒冷的一月。]
7．a [make a difference固定搭配，對……有影響。]
8．a [此處考查泛指概念，厄爾尼諾現象，一個西班牙詞條。]
9．The；a [考查冠詞。句意：競賽的優勝者獎是在巴黎兩週的假期。第一空，"競賽的優勝者獎"為特指，故應用定冠詞the作限定；第二空，指"一段兩週的假期"，故應用定冠詞a限定。]
10.a [句意：——為什麼你沒邀請約翰參加你的生日聚會？——唉，你知道他是一個令人掃興的人。固定表達a wet blanket 令人掃興的人或物。]
11．a; the [句意：瓊的奶奶多年來一直想寫一本兒童書籍，但總有這樣那樣的事情阻礙她不能實現。考查冠詞。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠詞a；第二空為固定表達get in the way妨礙，阻礙。]
12．the; a [句意：我剛聽說Dora 工作的銀行被一位蒙面持槍歹徒搶劫了。第一空為特指，表示"Dora 工作的那家銀行"，第二空為泛指，表示"一位蒙面持槍歹徒"。]
13．The；the [句意：一個人的知識越是淵博，他通常就越謙虛。考查固定搭配。the more...the more...越……越……。]
14．a [考查冠詞。句意：Brian在創作音樂上極有才華，他很有可能成為一個像貝多芬那樣的人才。本題考查不定冠詞在人名前，表示：一個像……那樣的人。]
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