聽力原文如下
<code>1.It's a great pleasure to be here.
很高興來到這裡
2.It's a great pleasure to speak after Brian Cox from CERN.
很高興我的發言被安排在 歐洲核子研究中心的布萊恩·考克斯之後
3.I think CERN is the home of the Large Hadron Collider.
我知道歐洲核子研究中心有一個 大型強子對撞器
4.What ever happened to the Small Hadron Collider?
小型強子對撞器出什麼事了？
5.Where is the Small Hadron Collider?
小型強子對撞器去哪了？
6.Because the Small Hadron Collider once was the big thing.
因為小型強子對撞器曾經是大的
7.Now, the Small Hadron Collider is in a cupboard, overlooked and neglected.
現在，小型強子對撞器 被扔在櫃子裡，沒人搭理了
8.You know when the Large Hadron Collider started, and it didn't work, and people tried to work out why, it was the Small Hadron Collider team
在大型強子對撞器剛啟用的時候 它沒能正常運轉，大家試圖找出原因 原來是小型強子對撞器的團隊
9.who sabotaged it because they were so jealous.
在搗鬼 因為他們太嫉妒了
10.The whole Hadron Collider family needs unlocking.
整個強子對撞器團隊 需要被解放
11.The lesson of Brian's presentation, in a way -- all those fantastic pictures -- is this really: that vantage point determines everything that you see.
布萊恩的演講 和所有他那些奇妙的圖片 其真正含義是 觀察位置決定了觀察結果
12.What Brian was saying was science has opened up successively different vantage points from which we can see ourselves, and that's why it's so valuable.
布萊恩的意思是 科學不斷開拓出了各種各樣的觀察位置 立於其上，我們可以審視自己。 所以它非常具有價值。
13.So the vantage point you take determines virtually everything that you will see.
你所處的觀察位置 事實上決定了觀察結果
14.The question that you will ask will determine much of the answer that you get.
你所提出的問題 基本決定了你所能得到的答案。
15.And so if you ask this question: Where would you look to see the future of education?
如果你的問題是 去哪裡能夠找到教育的未來
16.The answer that we've traditionally given to that is very straightforward, at least in the last 20 years: You go to Finland.
我們傳統上給出的答案 至少在過去的二十年裡，非常簡單 去芬蘭
17.Finland is the best place in the world to see school systems.
芬蘭是世界上觀察教育系統的最佳地點
18.The Finns may be a bit boring and depressive and there's a very high suicide rate, but by golly, they are qualified.
芬蘭人可能有些無趣，抑鬱，且自殺率頗高 但是他們做的真的很到位
19.And they have absolutely amazing education systems.
他們的教育系統絕對令人歎為觀止
20.So we all troop off to Finland, and we wonder at the social democratic miracle of Finland and its cultural homogeneity and all the rest of it,
所以我們都跑去了芬蘭 我們驚歎於芬蘭社會的民主奇蹟 文化的統一性，以及所有其他方面
21.and then we struggle to imagine how we might bring lessons back.
但最後我們卻苦於很難把 所見所學的帶回去用。
22.Well, so, for this last year, with the help of Cisco who sponsored me, for some balmy reason, to do this, I've been looking somewhere else.
所以在過去的一年裡 在思科的資助下 基於高尚的理由， 我到了其他一些地方做調查。
23.Because actually radical innovation does sometimes come from the very best, but it often comes from places where you have huge need --
因為事實上革新性的創造有的時候 來自於發達地區 但它經常來自於 有龐大的需求
24.unmet, latent demand -- and not enough resources for traditional solutions to work -- traditional, high-cost solutions, which depend on professionals,
不足，和潛在需要 而且以現有資源和方式無法解決問題的地方- 傳統的高成本方法 依賴專業人員，
25.which is what schools and hospitals are.
比如學校和醫院
26.So I ended up in places like this.
所以我最後選擇了這類地方
27.This is a place called Monkey Hill.
這個地方叫猴山
28.It's one of the hundreds of favelas in Rio.
是里約上百個貧民區中的一個
29.Most of the population growth of the next 50 years will be in cities.
未來50年，大部分的人口增長 都會在城市地區。
30.We'll grow by six cities of 12 million people a year for the next 30 years.
我們會每年增加六個一千二百萬人口的城市 持續增長三十年。
31.Almost all of that growth will be in the developed world.
大部分的人口增長會在發達地區。
32.Almost all of that growth will be in places like Monkey Hill.
大部分的增長會在 像猴山的這類地方。
33.This is where you'll find the fastest growing young populations of the world.
這裡有增長最快的 青年人口，全世界最快的
34.So if you want recipes to work -- for virtually anything -- health, education, government politics and education -- you have to go to these places.
所以如果你想把一些想法派上用場 幾乎可以是任何想法 -- 健康，教育 政府工作 以及教育 -- 那麼你必須去這類地方
35.And if you go to these places, you meet people like this.
在這裡，你會遇見這類人
36.This is a guy called Juanderson.
這個人叫胡安得森
37.At the age of 14, in common with many 14-year-olds in the Brazilian education system, he dropped out of school.
在他十四歲的時候 像很多在巴西教育系統裡的十四歲孩子一樣 他退學了
38.It was boring.
上學太無聊了
39.And Juanderson, instead, went into what provided kind of opportunity and hope in the place that he lived, which was the drugs trade.
胡安得森轉而去了 能給他機會和希望的地方 在他住的地方，那就是毒品交易
40.And by the age of 16, with rapid promotion, he was running the drugs trade in 10 favelas.
他進步神速，到十六歲的時候 已經在十個貧民區展開了毒品業務
41.He was turning over 200,000 dollars a week.
他一個星期經手二十萬美元
42.He employed 200 people.
手底下有兩百人
43.He was going to be dead by the age of 25.
估計活不到二十五歲就得死
44.And luckily, he met this guy, who is Rodrigo Baggio, the owner of the first laptop to ever appear in Brazil.
但很幸運，他認識了這個人 羅德里格.巴喬 巴西第一個擁有筆記本電腦的人
45.1994, Rodrigo started something called CDI, which took computers donated by corporations, put them into community centers in favelas
1994年，羅德里格開始從事一種 被稱作CDI的業務 就是把電腦 從捐贈它們的企業那裡 拿到貧民區的社區中心
46.and created places like this.
然後建立一些這樣的地方
47.What turned Juanderson around was technology for learning that made learning fun and accessible.
真正改變胡安得森的 是可以輔助他學習的科技 使學習變得有趣且易行
48.Or you can go to places like this.
你也可以去像這樣的地方
49.This is Kibera, which is the largest slum in East Africa.
這是基貝拉，東非最大的貧民區
50.Millions of people living here, stretched over many kilometers.
上百萬人住在這裡 方圓有好幾公里
51.And there I met these two, Azra on the left, Maureen on the right.
我在這遇見了這兩個人 左邊的是阿紫，右邊的是毛琳
52.They just finished their Kenyan certificate of secondary education.
她們剛剛拿到了肯尼亞的 中等教育文憑
53.That name should tell you that the Kenyan education system borrows almost everything from Britain, circa 1950, but has managed to make it even worse.
從這個名稱可以看出肯尼亞的教育系統 幾乎是完全效仿 1950年左右的英國 只是辦的更糟糕
54.So there are schools in slums like this.
可見這類貧民區是有學校設施的
55.They're places like this.
學校都是像這樣的
56.That's where Maureen went to school.
毛琳就是在這裡上學
57.They're private schools. There are no state schools in slums.
這些都是私立學校。在貧民區沒有公立學校
58.And the education they got was pitiful.
而且對於她們所受的教育我實在不敢恭維
59.It was in places like this. This a school set up by some nuns in another slum called Nakuru.
就是在這樣一個地方，一個修女們建立起來的學校 坐落於另一個叫那庫魯的貧民區。
60.Half the children in this classroom have no parents because they've died through AIDS.
這個班上一半的孩子是孤兒 他們的父母死於艾滋病。
61.The other half have one parent because the other parent has died through AIDS.
另一半孩子是單親 父母中的一個死於艾滋病。
62.So the challenges of education in this kind of place are not to learn the kings and queens of Kenya or Britain.
所以上學的內容 在這類地區 不是要了解肯尼亞或者英國的國王和王后
63.They are to stay alive, to earn a living, to not become HIV positive.
而是如何生存，謀生 不得艾滋病。
64.The one technology that spans rich and poor in places like this is not anything to do with industrial technology.
有一種不分貴賤，人人可享用的科技 在這類地方就有 它跟工業科技毫無關係
65.It's not to do with electricity or water.
也不用電或者水
66.It's the mobile phone.
它就是移動電話。
67.If you want to design from scratch virtually any service in Africa, you would start now with the mobile phone.
如果你想從頭設計一種 在非洲的服務，不論何種方式， 你最好現在就從移動電話入手。
68.Or you could go to places like this.
或者你可以去這類地方
69.This is a place called the Madangiri Settlement Colony, which is a very developed slum about 25 minutes outside New Delhi, where I met these characters
這個地方叫瑪丹基利殖民定居地 是一個比較完善的貧民區 離新德里大約二十五分鐘車程， 我在那裡遇到了這幾個人
70.who showed me around for the day.
她們那天帶我到周邊轉了轉
71.The remarkable thing about these girls, and the sign of the kind of social revolution sweeping through the developing world is that these girls are not married.
這幾個女孩，有個值得注意的地方 這其實是社會變革的一種標誌 這個現象席捲了發展中國家 那就是這些女孩都還沒有結婚。
72.Ten years ago, they certainly would have been married.
十年前，這個年齡肯定已經結婚了
73.Now they're not married, and they want to go on to study further, to have a career.
現在卻沒有，她們還想著 繼續深造，擁有一份職業。
74.They've been brought up by mothers who are illiterate, who have never ever done homework.
撫養她們的母親們都是文盲， 從未做過家庭作業。
75.All across the developing world there are millions of parents -- tens, hundreds of millions -- who for the first time are with children doing homework and exams.
全世界的發展中地區，有數以百萬的家長 成百上千萬的家長 這輩子第一次 和孩子們一起做家庭作業，考試。
76.And the reason they carry on studying is not because they went to a school like this.
這些家長學習的原因 不是因為她們在這樣的學校裡學習。
77.This is a private school.
這是一個私立學校
78.This is a fee-pay school. This is a good school.
一個收費的，不錯的學校。
79.This is the best you can get in Hyderabad in Indian education.
這是你能找到的最好的 在印度海得拉巴的學校了。
80.The reason they went on studying was this.
她們繼續學習的原因是這個。
81.This is a computer installed in the entrance to their slum by a revolutionary social entrepreneur called Sugata Mitra who has conducted the most radical experiments,
這臺電腦就裝在貧民區的門口 裝這個的是個給社會帶來變革的企業家 名字叫蘇迦特.米卡 他通過最基本的試驗
82.showing that children, in the right conditions, can learn on their own with the help of computers.
給孩子們證明，在合適的條件下 他們可以在電腦的幫助下自主學習
83.Those girls have never touched Google.
那些女孩從沒碰過谷歌
84.They know nothing about Wikipedia.
她們對維基百科一無所知
85.Imagine what their lives would be like if you could get that to them.
想象一下她們的生活會發生什麼變化 如果你能將這些帶給她們。
86.So if you look, as I did, through this tour, and by looking at about a hundred case studies of different social entrepreneurs working in these very extreme conditions,
所以如果你像我一樣， 通過此項活動來探尋 通過觀察上百個案例來分析 不同的社會企業家 在這些非常極端的條件下進行的工作，
87.look at the recipes that they come up with for learning, they look nothing like school.
觀察他們想到的為了學習的方法 它們跟學校的方式完全不同。
88.What do they look like?
那它們是怎麼樣的呢？
89.Well, education is a global religion.
改善教育是個全世界都在追求的目標。
90.And education, plus technology, is a great source of hope.
教育，加上科技 給人帶來了巨大希望。
91.You can go to places like this.
你可以去這樣的地方。
92.This is a school three hours outside of Sao Paulo.
這是一個離聖保羅三小時車程的學校，
93.Most of the children there have parents who are illiterate.
那裡大部分孩子的家長是文盲。
94.Many of them don't have electricity at home.
很多孩子的家裡還沒有通上電。
95.But they find it completely obvious to use computers, websites, make videos, so on and so forth.
但他們會很自然地 開始接觸電腦，網站， 製作視頻，等等。
96.When you go to places like this what you see is that education in these settings works by pull, not push.
當你來到這種地方 你看到的是 在這種條件下的教育 是吸引式的，不是灌輸式的。
97.Most of our education system is push.
大部分的教育系統是灌輸式的。
98.I was literally pushed to school.
我就是被逼去上學的。
99.When you get to school, things are pushed at you: knowledge, exams, systems, timetables.
在學校裡，東西都是灌給你的， 知識，考試， 制度，課程表。
100.If you want to attract people like Juanderson who could, for instance, buy guns, wear jewelry, ride motorbikes and get girls through the drugs trade,
如果你想吸引像胡安得森那樣的 可能會 買槍，帶珠寶， 騎摩托車，勾搭女孩 參與毒品交易的人，
101.and you want to attract him into education, having a compulsory curriculum doesn't really make sense.
你想吸引他去受教育， 一個強制性的課表將毫無意義。
102.That isn't really going to attract him.
那沒法真正地引起他的興趣。
103.You need to pull him.
你需要吸引他。
104.And so education needs to work by pull, not push.
所以教育需要吸引，不能灌輸。
105.And so the idea of a curriculum is completely irrelevant in a setting like this.
類似課表這樣的想法 在這樣的環境下是完全不適用的。
106.You need to start education from things that make a difference to them in their settings.
教育要先從 幫助人帶來生活上的改變開始 而且適用於他們的環境。
107.What does that?
怎麼能做到這個呢？
108.Well, the key is motivation, and there are two aspects to it.
關鍵是動力，這裡包含兩個方面.
109.One is to deliver extrinsic motivation, that education has a payoff.
一個是傳遞外部的動力。 也就是受教育是有回報的。
110.Our education systems all work on the principle that there is a payoff, but you have to wait quite a long time.
我們的教育系統都基於 的原則是能帶來回報， 但你必須得等很長一段時間。
111.That's too long if you're poor.
如果你是個窮人，等不了那麼久。
112.Waiting 10 years for the payoff from education is too long when you need to meet daily needs, when you've got siblings to look after
十年才等來教育的回報 對於需要養家餬口的人來說太長了， 特別是當你有兄弟姐妹需要照看
113.or a business to help with.
或是家裡有生意需要幫忙。
114.So you need education to be relevant and help people to make a living there and then, often.
所以你需要有相關性的教育，能給人以幫助 養家餬口，生活下來。
115.And you also need to make it intrinsically interesting.
還要從本質上把學習搞得有趣
116.So time and again, I found people like this.
長此以往，我發現人們會喜歡學習的。
117.This is an amazing guy, Sebastiao Rocha, in Belo Horizonte, in the third largest city in Brazil.
這是個了不起的人，塞巴斯蒂安.羅恰 在貝洛奧裡藏特 巴西的第三大城市
118.He's invented more than 200 games to teach virtually any subject under the sun.
他研發了兩百多種遊戲 可以教授幾乎任何已知的學科
119.In the schools and communities that Taio works in, the day always starts in a circle and always starts from a question.
在學校和社區 那些泰奧工作的地方 每一天都是週而復始的 總是從一個提問開始
120.Imagine an education system that started from questions, not from knowledge to be imparted, or started from a game, not from a lesson,
想象一下，一個教育系統，從提問開始 而不直接傳授知識 或者從遊戲開始，而不是從一堂課
121.or started from the premise that you have to engage people first before you can possibly teach them.
或者說從一個前提開始 就是你必須先把人吸引過來 在那之前你根本不可能教他們。
122.Our education systems, you do all that stuff afterward, if you're lucky, sport, drama, music.
我們的教育系統， 所有那些事都是後做的，如果你幸運的話， 體育，戲劇，音樂
123.These things, they teach through.
這些學科寓教於樂
124.They attract people to learning because it's really a dance project or a circus project or, the best example of all -- El Sistema in Venezuela --
它們吸引人來學習 因為它說到底就是個舞蹈活動項目 或者是馬戲團活動項目 或者，最好的例子是 － 委內瑞拉國立青少年管弦樂團系統
125.it's a music project.
它是一個音樂項目。
126.And so you attract people through that into learning, not adding that on after all the learning has been done and you've eaten your cognitive greens.
你通過它來吸引人們，進而開展學習 而不是把活動放在 所有的學習之後 你的精力到那個時候早用光了
127.So El Sistema in Venezuela uses a violin as a technology of learning.
委內瑞拉國立青少年管弦樂團系統 用小提琴作為學習的工具
128.Taio Rocha uses making soap as a technology of learning.
泰奧.羅恰用做肥皂 作為學習的工具
129.And what you find when you go to these schemes is that they use people and places in incredibly creative ways.
深入到這些計劃中你會發現 他們利用人員和場地 的方式很有創造力
130.Masses of peer learning.
大量的互助學習
131.How do you get learning to people when there are no teachers, when teachers won't come, when you can't afford them, and even if you do get teachers,
怎麼樣能讓人進行學習 在沒有老師的情況下學習 在老師不願來，或你付不起錢的情況下 甚至是你請來了老師
132.what they teach isn't relevant to the communities that they serve?
但他們所教授的跟所在社區毫無相關性
133.Well, you create your own teachers.
那麼，你就自己創造一個老師
134.You create peer-to-peer learning, or you create para-teachers, or you bring in specialist skills.
可以採用互幫互助學習 或者設立輔導教師，還有利用一些特殊技能
135.But you find ways to get learning that's relevant to people through technology, people and places that are different.
反正是要想辦法讓人們學有所用 利用各種科技，人員和場地的手段
136.So this is a school in a bus on a building site in Pune, the fastest growing city in Asia.
這是個在巴士車上的學校 在一個建築工地上 位於浦那，亞洲發展最快的城市
137.Pune has 5,000 building sites.
浦那有五千個建築工地。
138.It has 30,000 children on those building sites.
有三萬名兒童 在那些建築工地上。
139.That's one city.
這只是一個城市
140.Imagine that urban explosion that's going to take place across the developing world and how many thousands of children will spend their school years on building sites.
想象一下，城市飛速擴張之勢 將席捲發展中地區 會有成千上萬的兒童 將在學齡期間每天泡在工地上
141.Well, this is a very simple scheme to get the learning to them through a bus.
這是個非常簡便的方案 用一輛巴士車讓孩子們有學上
142.And they all treat learning, not as some sort of academic, analytical activity, but as that's something that's productive, something you make,
而且在這裡學到的 不是什麼學術，分析過程 而是實際有用的東西 一些你能做出來的
143.something that you can do, perhaps earn a living from.
一些你能從事的，能用來謀生的東西
144.So I met this character, Steven.
我遇到了一個叫史蒂夫的人
145.He'd spent three years in Nairobi living on the streets because his parents had died of AIDS.
他有三年在內羅畢的大街上度過 因為他的父母患艾滋病去世了
146.And he was finally brought back into school, not by the offer of GCSEs, but by the offer of learning how to become a carpenter, a practical making skill.
他最終還是上了學， 不是為了普通中等教育證書 而是學習如何當木匠 一項實用的技能。
147.So the trendiest schools in the world, High Tech High and others, they espouse a philosophy of learning as productive activity.
全世界最時髦的學校 科技類高中以及其他的 它們提倡的辦學理念是學以致用
148.Here, there isn't really an option.
在這裡，沒有其他選擇
149.Learning has to be productive in order for it to make sense.
學習內容必須要能致用 才有意義
150.And finally, they have a different model of scale, and it's a Chinese restaurant model of how to scale.
最後它們採用一種與眾不同的推廣模式 就是中餐館式的 推廣模式
151.And I learned it from this guy, who is an amazing character.
這個我是從這人身上學到的 這是一個了不起的人
152.He's probably the most remarkable social entrepreneur in education in the world.
他可能是最傑出的社會企業家 就全世界教育界而言
153.His name is Madhav Chavan, and he created something called Pratham.
他的名字是馬德哈夫.恰凡 他創建了一個叫布拉罕的組織
154.And Pratham runs preschool play groups for, now, 21 million children in India.
布拉罕開展的是面向學齡前兒童的遊戲活動 現在在印度，有兩千一百萬兒童參與
155.It's the largest NGO in education in the world.
它是全世界最大的教育類非政府組織
156.And it also supports working-class kids going into Indian schools.
它也援助進入學校的工薪階層的孩子
157.He's a complete revolutionary.
此人是個徹徹底底的革新者
158.He's actually a trade union organizer by background, and that's how he learned the skills to build his organization.
他的工作背景本來是工會組織者 他就是在那裡學到的管理方法 用來建立這個組織
159.When they got to a certain stage, Pratham got big enough to attract some pro bono support from McKinsey.
當它們到了一定階段 布拉罕的規模已經達到可以吸引 來自麥肯錫的無償援助
160.McKinsey came along and looked at his model and said, "You know what you should do with this, Madhav?
麥肯錫的人看了他的運營模式後說 “你知道應該怎麼來運作它嗎，馬德哈夫？
161.You should turn it into McDonald's.
你應該採用麥當勞模式
162.And what you do when you go to any new site is you kind of roll out a franchise.
每到任何一個新地方，你應該 開展特許加盟
163.And it's the same wherever you go.
這樣你的東西無論到哪都是一個樣子
164.It's reliable and people know exactly where they are.
此舉不但穩妥，且讓人一進來就知道他們在哪
165.And there will be no mistakes."
不會有人出差錯”
166.And Madhav said, "Why do we have to do it that way?
馬德哈夫說 “我們為什麼非那樣不可？
167.Why can't we do it more like the Chinese restaurants?"
為什麼不能像中餐館那樣搞呢？”
168.There are Chinese restaurants everywhere, but there is no Chinese restaurant chain.
中餐館無處不在 但卻沒有一箇中餐館連鎖系統
169.Yet, everyone knows what is a Chinese restaurant.
可誰都知道中餐館什麼樣
170.They know what to expect, even though it'll be subtly different and the colors will be different and the name will be different.
他們知道店裡會有什麼，即便店與店會有些不同 顏色會有點不一樣，名字也不同
171.You know a Chinese restaurant when you see it.
但你一看就知道這是個中餐館
172.These people work with the Chinese restaurant model -- same principles, different applications and different settings -- not the McDonald's model.
這些人採用了中餐館的模式 同一個準則， 不同的用途和配置 沒用麥當勞的模式
173.The McDonald's model scales.
麥當勞模式是增長型的
174.The Chinese restaurant model spreads.
中餐館模式是擴散型的
175.So mass education started with social entrepreneurship in the 19th century.
大眾教育 最初是社會企業的形式 那是在十九世紀
176.And that's desperately what we need again on a global scale.
而這一特點是我們又重新迫切需要的 全世界都是如此
177.And what can we learn from all of that?
這對我們有什麼啟發呢
178.Well, we can learn a lot because our education systems are failing desperately in many ways.
啟發很多 因為我們的教育系統 在很多方面都是非常失敗的
179.They fail to reach the people they most need to serve.
它們幫不到那些 最需要幫助的人
180.They often hit their target but miss the point.
他們經常是找對了對象，辦錯了事
181.Improvement is increasingly difficult to organize; our faith in these systems, incredibly fraught.
想要的改進越來越 難於付諸實施 我們對這些系統的信任，非常令人憂心
182.And this is just a very simple way of understanding what kind of innovation, what kind of different design we need.
有一個非常簡單的方法 來理解什麼樣的創新 什麼樣的新式設計是我們需要的。
183.There are two basic types of innovation.
創新基本有兩種類型
184.There's sustaining innovation, which will sustain an existing institution or an organization, and disruptive innovation that will break it apart, create some different way of doing it.
一種是改良型創新 就是改良一個已有的機構或是組織 另一種是破壞型創新 是打破已有模式，想出一些不同的方式來處理問題
185.There are formal settings -- schools, colleges, hospitals -- in which innovation can take place, and informal settings -- communities,
在一些正式的地方 比如學校，高校，醫院 是可以進行創新的 還有一類是非正式的地方，比如社區
186.families, social networks.
家庭，社交網絡
187.Almost all our effort goes in this box, sustaining innovation in formal settings, getting a better version of the essentially Bismarckian school system
幾乎我們所有的力氣都花在這裡 在那些正式的地方進行改良型創新 改良現行的 也就是原來的俾斯麥式學校系統
188.that developed in the 19th century.
它產生於十九世紀
189.And as I said, the trouble with this is that, in the developing world there just aren't teachers to make this model work.
正如我描述的，這個模式的問題在於 在發展中地區 根本就沒有師資能讓這個模式運轉起來
190.You'd need millions and millions of teachers in China, India, Nigeria and the rest of developing world to meet need.
你需要成百上千萬的老師 以供中國，印度，尼日利亞 以及其他發展中地區需要
191.And in our system, we know that simply doing more of this won't eat into deep educational inequalities, especially in inner cities and former industrial areas.
在我們的系統裡，我們瞭解到 繼續這樣做不能消除 嚴重的教育不平等 特別是在內陸城市 和正規的工業區
192.So that's why we need three more kinds of innovation.
這就是為什麼我們需要另外三種創新
193.We need more reinvention.
我們需要更多的徹底改造
194.And all around the world now you see more and more schools reinventing themselves.
放眼世界，你會看到 越來越多的學校被徹底改造了
195.They're recognizably schools, but they look different.
它們還可看做是學校，但已大不相同
196.There are Big Picture schools in the U.S. and Australia.
我們有了一些大圖學校 開設在美國和澳大利亞
197.There are Kunskapsskolan schools in Sweden.
我們有了一些坎斯卡普.思科蘭學校 開設在瑞典
198.Of 14 of them, only two of them are in schools.
這十四個孩子中 只有兩個進了學校
199.Most of them are in other buildings not designed as schools.
大部分人所在的其他那些樓都不是學校。
200.There is an amazing school in Northen Queensland called Jaringan.
在北昆士蘭有一所很棒的學校 名字叫嘉靈甘學校
201.And they all have the same kind of features: highly collaborative, very personalized, often pervasive technology, learning that starts from questions
這些學校有很相似的特點 大量的協作，高度的個性化 對高科技的利用大都很普及 由提問展開學習
202.and problems and projects, not from knowledge and curriculum.
從實際困難和活動項目展開學習 不是從知識和課程
203.So we certainly need more of that.
我們毫無疑問需要更多這類東西
204.But because so many of the issues in education aren't just in school, they're in family and community, what you also need, definitely,
但因為很多教育的問題 不光發生在學校 也發生在家庭和社區 你絕對需要
205.is more on the right hand side.
更多的在右手邊的東西
206.You need efforts to supplement schools.
你需要課外類的學校得到援助
207.The most famous of these is Reggio Emilia in Italy, the family-based learning system to support and encourage people in schools.
其中最知名的是意大利的雷喬.艾米利亞 家庭式的學習組織 它進行輔導並且鼓勵在校學生
208.The most exciting is the Harlem Children's Zone, which over 10 years, led by Geoffrey Canada, has, through a mixture of schooling and family and community projects,
最有意思的是哈林兒童區 已有十年曆史，是由傑佛瑞.加拿大領導的 這個區是個綜合體，由學校 家庭和社區項目組成
209.attempted to transform not just education in schools, but the entire culture and aspiration of about 10,000 families in Harlem.
他們不光在嘗試著改變學校 也嘗試著給整個社會文化和心態帶來改變 改變對象是大約一萬戶住在哈林的家庭
210.We need more of that completely new and radical thinking.
我們需要更多這類東西 需要絕對革新性的想法
211.You can go to places an hour away, less, from this room, just down the road, which need that, which need radicalism of a kind that we haven't imagined.
你可以在不到一小時車程 從這裡出發的 街道那邊的地方，找到需要這些想法的地方 那裡需要聞所未聞的革新性想法
212.And finally, you need transformational innovation that could imagine getting learning to people in completely new and different ways.
最後，你需要形式上的創新 能讓人們接觸學習時 以一種全新的不一樣的方式
213.So we are on the verge, 2015, of an amazing achievement, the schoolification of the world.
在2015年，不久的將來 一項驚人的成就就在眼前 全世界都將實現學校普及化
214.Every child up to the age of 15 who wants a place in school will be able to have one in 2015.
每一個到了十五歲的，想上學的孩子 在2015年都能如願。
215.It's an amazing thing.
這太了不起了
216.But it is, unlike cars, which have developed so rapidly and orderly, actually the school system is recognizably an inheritance from the 19th century,
但其實 不像汽車的發展 那樣的迅速和有序 學校的系統很明顯是 一個十九世紀傳承下來的產物
217.from a Bismarkian model of German schooling that got taken up by English reformers, and often by religious missionaries, taken up in the United States
是由俾斯麥時期的德國教育模式 經過英國人的改良 再多次經由 傳教士 帶到美國
218.as a force of social cohesion, and then in Japan and South Korea as they developed.
用作增強社會凝聚力的一種工具 而後又帶到了發展中的日本和韓國
219.It's recognizably 19th century in its roots.
本質裡還有它十九世紀的原型
220.And of course it's a huge achievement.
當然教育系統已經取得了巨大的成就
221.And of course it will bring great things.
也將會帶來一些很棒的東西
222.It will bring skills and learning and reading.
它能給人帶來技能，學問和知識
223.But it will also lay waste to imagination.
但它也會浪費想象力
224.It will lay waste to appetite. It will lay waste to social confidence.
浪費求知慾，浪費社會信心
225.It will stratify society as much as it liberates it.
它會使社會分化 即使它也會使社會自由化
226.And we are bequeathing to the developing world school systems that they will now spend a century trying to reform.
我們輸送給發展中地區的 教育系統需要它們花上 一個世紀來改良
227.That is why we need really radical thinking, and why radical thinking is now more possible and more needed than ever in how we learn.
這就是為什麼我們需要真正全新的思考 以及為什麼全新的思考 對於如何學習來說，從未如此可行，如此的需要/<code>
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