機密★啟用前
北京第二外國語學院
2014年碩士研究生入學考試試卷
考試科目：211 翻譯碩士英語 滿分：100分
考試說明：請將答案寫在指定答題紙上，若答在試卷上，則該科成績無效。
Part I. Vocabulary and grammar (30 points)
Multiple-choice
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
1. As a ________ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.
A) flexible
B) versatile
C) sophisticated
D) productive
2. There are not many teachers who are strong ________ of traditional methods in English teaching.
A) sponsors
B) contributors
C) advocates
D) performers
3. We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to ________.
A) ascend
B) descend
C) decline
D) plunge
4. Competition, they believe, ________ the national character than corrupt it.
A) enforces
B) confirms
C) intensifies
D) strengthens
5. The accident ________ him of his sight and the use of his legs.
A) excluded
B) disabled
C) deprived
D) gripped
6. On weekends my grandma usually ________ a glass of wine.
A) subscribes to
B) engages in
C) hangs on
D) indulges in
7. The people living in these apartments have free ________ to that swimming pool.
A) access
B) excess
C) excursion
D) recreation
8. At the party we found that shy girl ________ her mother all the time.
A) depending on
B) coinciding with
C) adhering to
D) clinging to
9. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people ________ and ask them questions.
A) at length
B) at random
C) in essence
D) in bulk
10. I think she hurt my feelings ________ rather than by accident as she claimed.
A) virtually
B) deliberately
C) literally
D) appropriately
11. A good education is an ________ you can fall back on for the rest of your life.
A) asset
B) ethic
C) inventory
D) obligation
12. Giving a gift can convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciation of their ________ and the importance you place upon the relationship.
A) solidarity
B) priority
C) superiority
D) hospitality
13. The designer has applied for a ________ for his new invention.
A) tariff
B) discount
C) version
D) patent
14. The toy maker produces a ________ copy of the space station, exact in every detail.
A) minimal
B) minimum
C) miniature
D) minor
15. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget ________.
A) disposition
B) discrepancy
C) defect
D) deficit
16. They have decided to ________ physical punishment in all local schools.
A) put away
B) break away from
C) do away with
D) pass away
17. Astronauts are ________ all kinds of tests before they are actually sent up in a spacecraft.
A) inclined to
B) subjected to
C) prone to
D) bound to
18. Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functions usually include ________ rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links.
A) drawing on
B) drawing in
C) drawing up
D) drawing down
19. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost ________ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.
A) restrictively
B) radically
C) inclusively
D) exclusively
20. All the ceremonies at the 2000 Olympic Games had a unique Australian flavor, ________ of their multicultural communities.
A) noticeable
B) indicative
C) conspicuous
D) implicit
21. I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my ________ is perfect.
A) outlook
B) vision
C) horizon
D) perspective
22. He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in ________ with the Imperial Museum.
A) collection
B) connection
C) collaboration
D) combination
23. In those days, executives expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for ________, to retire at the age of 65.
A) integrity
B) denial
C) incompetence
D) deduction
24. Others viewed the finding with ________, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown.
A) optimism
B) passion
C) caution
D) deliberation
25. The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle ________ was caused by unusually low temperatures immediately before the launch.
A) expedition
B) controversy
C) dismay
D) disaster
26. He told his wife that he ________ her the book and if she _______ it, he _______ it to her again.
A) had given… had lost… did not give
B) gave… had lost… would never give
C) had given… had lost… would never give
D) had given… would lose… would give
27. They _______ a hole in the ground and _______ the bag into it. They _______ sure that no one _______ able to find it.
A) digged… put… are… will be
B) dug… put… were… was
C) dug… put… are… is
D) digged… put… were… was
28. I _______ not interested in chemistry but my father _______ me to do it. So I often _______ truant then.
A) was… wanted… played
B) am… wants… play
C) was… wants… play
D) was… wanted… would play
29. John said, ‘I _______ think what he _______ so far _______ useful for us.’
A) didn’t… had done… was
B) don’t… did… was
C) don’t… has done… is
D) didn’t… did… is
30. He often _______ to school at 7:00 but he _______ at 6:30 today. Perhaps he _______ his new schedule next week.
A) went… left… would follow
B) goes… left… will follow
C) went… will leave… has followed
D) goes… has left… will follow
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Section 1 Multiple-choice (20 points)
Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage A
When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.
As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past—and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.
Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates some 55 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 years—during which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared—is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future—even without the influence of human activity.
31. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged ________.
A) to give up his former way of life
B) to leave the coastal areas
C) to follow the ever-shifting vegetation
D) to abandon his original settlement
32. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate ________.
A) is going through a fundamental change
B) has been getting warmer for 10,000 years
C) will eventually change from hot to cold
D) has gone through periodical changes
33. Scientists believe that human evolution ________.
A) has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes
B) has exerted little influence on climatic changes
C) has largely been effected by climatic changes
D) has had a major impact on climatic changes
34. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that ________.
A) human activities have accelerated changes of Earth’s environment
B) Earth’s environment will remain mild despite human interference
C) Earth’s climate is bound to change significantly in the future
D) Earth’s climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future
35. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that ________.
A) human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changes
B) mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climate
C) man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming process
D) human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature
Passage B
War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.
The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.
The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.
36. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that ________.
A) it threatens the existing social systems
B) it is influenced by society
C) it has roots in religious conflicts
D) it is directed against institutions of law
37. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is ________.
A) to control violence within a society
B) to protect the world from chaos
C) to free society from the idea of revenge
D) to give the government absolute power
38. What does the author mean by saying “... in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”?
A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.
B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.
C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.
D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.
39. The word “allegiance” in this article is closest in meaning to ________.
A) loyalty
B) objective
C) survival
D) motive
40. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.
B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.
C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.
D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.
Section 2 Answering questions (20 points)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.
Passage C
There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment. Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts.
Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals.
The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality. Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies… point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”
Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.
The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read ‘aggressive’ or ‘non-aggressive’ words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.
Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.
41. Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?
42. What is the skeptics view of media violence?
43. What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence?
Passage D
You’re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top ＄2,000 a month-no wonder that one in four Americans can’t afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.
The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call, “If our neighbors can buy drugs at reasonable prices, why can’t we?” Even to whisper that thought provokes anger. “Un-American!” And the propagandists’ trump card—“Wreck our brilliant health-care system.” Super-size drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up. Common sense tells you that’s a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one’s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industry’s profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can’t afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today’s level of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.
To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.
Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.
Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure-and the more we look, the more we’ll find, But I haven’t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying cross-border.
Most users of prescription drugs don’t worry about costs a lot. They’re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay.
The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live, This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who’ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006.
44. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the U.S.?
45. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy?
Part III. Writing (30 points)
As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?
Write a composition of about 400 words on your view of the topic.
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