-Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Vocabulary. I'm Catherine. -And I'm Finn, hello.
-欢迎收听六分钟词汇。我是凯瑟琳。-我是芬恩，你好。
Today's programme is all about lexical sets.
本期我们要学的是词汇集。
That's right: lexical sets help us to learn words by grouping them together by topic or word type.
是的，词汇集通过按主题或单词类型将它们分组在一起来帮助我们学习单词。
So, more on that later, but first, here's Dave. He's talking about a flood that happened in his home town recently, and here's a question to answer while you listen: what happened to all of Dave's possessions?
稍后再谈论这个，现在先听听戴夫说了什么。他谈论的是最近他家乡发生的一场洪灾，边听边思考：戴夫的房子怎么了？
Well, we had so much rain: it said on the news we got a month's rainfall in just one day!
是这样的，雨下得很大：有消息说，一天就有一个月的降雨量！
The water level rose so high that the river burst its banks and water poured into everyone's houses.
水位上升得太高了，导致河水冲破了河岸，水涌入了每个人的房屋。
It's terrible — my house was flooded, all my things were completely soaked and the carpets are still waterlogged.
这太可怕了，我的房子被水淹没了，所有的东西都被完全浸湿了，地毯还在浸水。
Oh, dear. Dave.
噢，可怜的戴夫。
Yes. We asked you what happened to Dave's possessions.
是啊。我们的问题——戴夫的房子怎么了？
And he said all his things were completely soaked — they were covered in water and now they're all wet and damaged.
他说他所有的东西都被完全浸湿了——它们被水淹没了，现在都湿透了并且坏了。
Dave also used a few different words to talk about the flood and its effects.
戴夫还用几个不同的词来谈论洪水及其影响。
He talked about the rain and rainfall — that's a way to describe the water that falls as rain over a period of time.
他谈到了 rain 和 rainfall — 这是一种描述一段时间内水变成雨水下落。
And he talked about water level, that's the height of the water in rivers and lakes. And Dave said it got very high.
他谈到 water level，也就是河流和湖泊中的水位。戴夫说它升得很高。
It did. And that's what caused the floods. Now, floods, water level, water, rainfall and rain — these are all on the topic of rain and floods.
的确是。这就是造成 floods 的原因。Floods，water level，water，rainfall 和 rain——这些都是关于雨水和洪水的话题。
And they're also all the same type of word — they're all nouns. So we can group these words into a lexical set.
而且它们都是相同类型的单词——名词。因此，我们可以将这些单词归为词汇集。
That's right: a lexical set is a group of words which are all about the same topic, and which all belong to the same part of speech — they're all nouns or verbs or adjectives.
没错，词汇集是一组都围绕同一主题且都属于同一词性的单词，它们都是名词，动词或形容词。
So, to make a lexical set for activities on a beach holiday, for example, you might think of. . .
因此，如果是为海滩度假活动制作词汇集，您可能会想到......
Swimming, sunbathing, and surfing. What do you like doing on a beach holiday, Catherine?
Swimming，sunbathing，和 surfing。凯瑟琳，在海滩度假时你喜欢做什么？
-Me — I like sunbathing and eating ice cream. -Oh, yes, very good.
-我喜欢晒日光浴和吃冰淇淋。-哦，这很好。
And swimming, sunbathing, eating ice cream, and surfing are all gerunds, that's nouns made from –ing verbs.
Swimming，sunbathing，eating ice cream 和 surfing 都是动名词，这些名词都是由 –ing 动词构成的。
Exactly, so: same topic, same word type: that's a lexical set!
就是这样，相同的主题，相同的单词类型：这是一个词汇集合！
Lots of people find it useful to learn words in groups like this. They seem to stick in your mind more easily.
很多人发现在这样的词组中学习单词很有用。他们似乎更容易记住这些单词。
That's right and by learning words in lexical sets, you'll also have more words to choose from when you're talking about a topic.
没错，通过学习词汇集中的单词，当你谈论一个话题时，你还会有更多的单词可以选择。
Let's hear Dave again and see if you can spot another lexical set. . .
再来听听戴夫说的话，看看是否能发现另外一个词汇集......
My house was flooded, all my things were completely soaked and the carpets are still waterlogged.
我的房子被水淹没了，所有的东西都被完全浸湿了，地毯还在浸水。
Did you get it? Dave said his house was flooded — full of water; all his things were soaked — completely wet; and his carpets still have lots of water in them — they are waterlogged.
你发现了吗？戴夫说他的房子被 flooded 了——被水淹没了；他所有的东西都 soaked——湿透了。而且他的地毯上仍然有很多水——他们被 waterlogged 了。
-The words flooded, soaked and waterlogged are all adjectives here, and they're all about flooding, so. . . -There's our next lexical set!
-这里的 flooded，soaked 和 waterlogged 都是形容词，它们都是关于被淹没的，所以......-这是我们的下一个词汇集！
There it is!
是的！
And we're talking about lexical sets: groups of words related to the same topic that come from the same part of speech, like nouns, verbs, adjectives, gerunds.
我们谈论的是词汇集：与同一主题相关的词组，它们来自同一词类，例如名词，动词，形容词，动名词。
That's right, and it's time for a quiz.
是的。现在是测试时间。
Aha! My favourite. Right: I'll say three words and you decide if they make a lexical set or not. Finn will tell you the answers. Ready?
我的最爱。是的，我会说三个词，然后你确定它们是否构成一个词汇集。芬恩会告诉你们答案。准备好了吗？
Number one. Tea, coffee, water. Lexical set or not?
1，Tea，coffee，water。它们是不是词汇集呢？
Well, they're all drinks — so the same topic — and they're all nouns, so they're a lexical set.
它们都是饮料，同样的主题，而且都是名词，所以它们是词汇集。
They are. Another one: swimming, cleaning, sunbathing.
是的。另外一组：swimming，cleaning，sunbathing.
And that's not a lexical set. They are all gerunds, but the topic seems to be 'holiday activities' like swimming and sunbathing — and cleaning doesn't really fit with that group. Not on my holidays, anyway.
那不是词汇集。它们都是动名词，但话题似乎是游泳和晒日光浴这样的“度假活动”，而清洁工作实际上并不合适。无论如何，这不是我的假期。
Not on mine, either. So, well done if you got those right at home. And we've just got time for a quick vocabulary tip. Finn?
也不是我的。所以，如果在家里的你做对了这些题就很棒。而且我们还有时间快速获取词汇提示，芬恩？
OK, right, here we go: find a friend, and play a game of 'lexical set tennis'. It goes like this.
好了，我们开始了：找到一个朋友，玩“词汇网球”游戏。就像这样。
You choose a topic, like sport, and then choose a word group like nouns — and then you take it in turns to say words in the set. Alright Catherine: shall we try this?
选择一个主题，例如运动，然后选择一个词组，例如名词，然后依次轮流说出集合中的单词。凯瑟琳，我们来试试吧！
Yes, come on then.
好的，说吧。
The topic is sport and I'll start with football.
主题是体育，我将从足球开始。
Rugby.
橄榄球。
Boxing.
拳击。
Basketball.
篮球。
Err. Err. Oh no! There's more about this at www. bbclearningenglish. com. Join us again for more 6 Minute Vocabulary. And I've got another one.
噢，不要！BBC英语学习网，欢迎访问更多。欢迎再次收听六分钟词汇学习。我又想到了一个。
-Come on then. -Golf…
-说吧。-高尔夫......
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