狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。狀語從句中的從句可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導，也可以由詞組引起。從句位於句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位於句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。

一

時間狀語從句

引導時間狀語從句的連詞有：when, as, while, until, not…until, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time等。時間狀語從句中一般用一般現在時或一般過去時。

1．when , while, as都可解釋為“當...的時候”但側重點有所不同

1) When後既可以接短暫性動詞，也可以接延續性動詞 ，表示從句動作與主句動作同時發生。

When I arrived home , I had a little rest.

2）As 除了表示“當...的時候”，還可表示為“一面...一面”，“隨著”

He sang as he danced.(一面...一面)

You will grow wiser as you grow older.(隨著)

3)While表示“當...的時候”強調主句的動作和從句的動作同時發生，從句一般用進行時，從句動詞必須是延續性動詞。

While we were working, they were having a rest.

While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.

注意：while 有對比的含義，解釋為“然而”。

I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee.

2．until, not…until表示“直到...才”,在肯定句中主句常用延續性動詞；在否定句中常用短暫性動詞

肯定句：I waited until midnight.

否定句：I did not leave until midnight.

【注意點】

1）not until…在句首，主句用倒裝

Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.

2) It is not until…that…引導的強調句

It was not until it was dark that he came back.

3.Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as表示為“一...就...”

I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

It began to rain as soon as I got home.

二

條件狀語從句

條件狀語從句分為兩大類：真實條件句（主將從現）和虛擬條件句（虛擬語氣）。引導條件狀語從句的連詞有：if, even if/though, unless/ if …not, as long as/ so long as, as far as/so far as, provided/providing (that), on condition that 等。條件狀語從句中如果主句是將來時，條件狀語從句用一般現在時。

1.unless 和if…not unless 相當於if…not

You will fail unless you study hard.

You will not fail if you study hard.

【注意點】

在虛擬條件句中可用if…not，但不能用unless

If she were not too silly,she would understand.

2.引導條件狀語從句的其它連詞

You may go there ,as long as you keep quite.

I will go provided that you go too.

I shall give you the book on condition that you return it tomorrow.

三

讓步狀語從句

引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有：though, although, even if/ though, however, no matter how, no matter what, no matter who等。

1．though, although不可與but連用，但可以和yet , still連用

Though/Although it is raining ,they are still running outside.

2. “no matter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞+後綴ever”

No matter what happened, he would not mind.

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

【注意點】

no matter+疑問詞不能引導名詞性從句

3.even if/ though表示“即使”

He doesn’t want to marry her even if/ though he loves her very much.

四

原因狀語從句

引導原因狀語從句的連詞有：because, since, as , now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that,owing to the fact that等。

1．because

because語氣最強，通常用於回答why 提出的問題。

【注意點】

在it was…that…的強調結構中，強調原因狀語從句可用because引導，不用since,as, for引導。

It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation.

2.since和as

since的語氣比because 弱，比as強，表示間接的，已知的原因，自然的結果，表示“既然，由於”。

As/ Since you are not very well, you had better have a rest.

五

目的狀語從句

引導目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。

You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.

六

結果狀語從句

引導結果狀語從句的連詞有：so that, so…that, such…that等

He is so young that he can not go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can not go to school.

1.常用句型：so+形容詞/副詞+that從句

so+形容詞+a/an+單數可數名詞+that從句

such +a/an+形容詞+單數可數名詞+that從句

such +形容詞+複數可數名詞/不可數名詞+that從句

2.so和such的搭配規律

such修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so修飾形容詞或副詞,so還可接many, few, much, little等。

七

比較狀語從句

引導比較狀語從句的連詞有：as…as, not so…as, than, the more…the more等。

【例如】

He speaks English as fluently as his brother (does)

I can’t jump so /as high as he (does)

There are more workers in this factory than in the one next to it .

The more you read, the more interesting , you will find the novel is .

八

地點狀語從句

引導地點狀語從句的連詞有:where, wherever以及 where構成的複合詞等。

She found her calculator where she lost it. Wherever I am, I will miss you.

【注意點】

I happened to see your dictionary lie where I used it last time.（地點狀語從句）

I happened to see your dictionary lie in the lab where I used it last time.（定語從句）

九

方式狀語從句

引導方式狀語從句的連接詞有as, just as, as if / though（一般用虛擬語氣，也有用直陳語氣的）等。

Just do as you are told.

The workers went on working as if nothing had happened.

He talked to the girl as though he had fallen in love with her.

在just as ..., so...結構中，as 帶有比喻含義。意為“正如”，多用於正式文體。

Just as some people like sports, so some people like music.