“
媒体透视
“母亲文化”是上海市女子监狱在长期的探索实践中，不断挖掘“女警”与“女犯”的共通点，逐步形成的富有女性特色的文化。近日，中国日报记者深入上海市女子监狱进行采访，以《监狱用母爱教育改造罪犯》为题，讲述监狱通过开展母亲文化教育活动，用母爱的呼唤、亲情的感化帮助女犯化茧成蝶的故事……
中国日报 周文婷
Female prisoners are being rehabilitated via classes that emphasize mother-daughter relationships. Zhou Wenting reports from Shanghai.
通过修复母女亲情关系，女性服刑人员受到教育感化——来自上海周文婷的报道。
Mary, who has been a prisoner at Shanghai Women’s Prison for 10 years, is looking forward to the big event of her year — a visit from her mother, who will travd from the Philippines within the next few weeks to spend 40 precious minutes with her.
今年以来，玛丽，这个在上海市女子监狱服刑了10个年头的女犯，一直企盼着与母亲的会面，她的母亲在未来的几周内将会从她的祖国菲律宾前来看望她，与她度过珍贵的40分钟。
The 36-year-old, who preferred not to disclose her real name, was given a suspended death sentence in 2008 after being stopped with a consignment of heroin by the customs in Guangzhou, Guangdong province.
Her defense was that she had been offered a lucrative assignment, but insisted that she didn't know what was in the bag she was asked to carry.
She said her feelings are different from when her mother came to visit her at the prison just after she was jailed.
现年36岁的她因走私毒品在广州海关被捕并被判处死缓。她说，这次她在等待母亲到来时的感受与她入狱后在监狱里与母亲的第一次会见非常不同。
“I misunderstood my mother’s love for me, and I blamed my failings on her absence during my childhood and adolescence when she was working away from home," said Mary, who is due to be released in 2031 after several reductions of her sentence.
玛丽说：“我过去常常误解我母亲对我的爱，并把我的过错归咎于我母亲的缺席。我的母亲在我的童年和青少年时期都离家外出工作。”经过几次减刑，她将会在2031年刑满释放。
Change of attitude
态度转变
Her change of attitude is largely due to classes about maternal love offered by the prison ,she said. The classes focus on helping the prisoners express gratitude to their mothers, and become responsible mothers themselves.
玛丽说，监狱的母亲文化教育使她改变了许多，这种教育的重点是教会她们向母亲表达感激之情并使自己努力成为负责任的母亲。
“I was deeply touched when the mothers of 30 inmates were invited to the prison to hug their daughters last year. I couldn't help missing my mom then, and I became determined to mend our relationship." recalled Mary, who began calling her mother regularly and then proposed a visit。
“去年，30名服刑人员的母亲被邀请去监狱看望并拥抱他们的女儿，这让我深受感动，当时，我忍不住想念我的母亲，并决心要改善我们的关系。”玛丽回忆说。后来，她开始定期给母亲打电话，希望母亲能来看望她。
According to Chen Jianhua, governor of shanghai women’s prison, almost every women’s prison in the country uses the concept of maternal love as a way to educate and reform inmates, but in the past five years it has been employed in many different forms at her prison, which houses women from 18 countries in addition to Chinese nationals.
上海市女子监狱监狱长说，在国内很多女子监狱都将母爱感化作为一种教育女犯的手段，上海市女子监狱近五年来，更是开展了各种不同形式的母亲文化教育活动。该监狱关押了包括中国在内来自18个国家和地区的服刑人员。
“Although they speak different languages and have diverse cultural and educational backgrounds, maternal love is a shared thing,” she said，“Even if someone is not a mother, she has a mother. Even if she has never felt a mother's affection, she must be thirsty for it. We hope motherhood wiil work as a force to encourage the prisoners to always be upstanding and responsible, and for some, to break the cycle of family tragedy .”
“虽然他们说着不同的语言，有着不同的文化和教育背景，但母爱是他们共通的情感，即使有人不是母亲，她也有母亲。即使她可能从没有感受过母爱，但她们仍然渴望得到母爱。我们希望母爱作为一种力量，鼓励她们始终保持向善和尽责，对一些人来说，母亲责任的回归可以挽救一个家庭，结束这一代家庭的悲剧。”她说。
The prison, which was opened in 1996, provides inmates with pamphlets in Chinese and English that contain poems depicting maternal love. The prisoners read the books in class and are asked to recite some of the poems. They also read novels and watch movies with the theme of mother-daughter bonding.
上海市女子监狱建于1996年，近年监狱向服刑人员提供了中英文版本歌诵母爱的歌谣集《母亲谣》，让他们诵读，还组织他们阅读有关母爱和家庭关系主题的书籍和电影。
Annual highlight
年度亮点
An annual highlight is when the mothers of 30 selected inmates visit the prison on or around March 8 to celebrate International Women’s Day with their daughters. The visits have been a feature of the prisoners' lives since 2014, after three mothers were invited in 2013 as a pilot.
邀请服刑人员的母亲在3月8日或前后来到监狱，与她们的女儿一起庆祝三八国际妇女节，已成为每年母亲文化活动的亮点。自2013年首次尝试邀请３名服刑人员母亲来监狱与女儿“亲密接触”后，2014年以来，每年都有服刑人员的母亲被邀请来到监狱。
“A simple hug can solve many problems for mothers and daughters who have had poor relationships and found it hard to apologize on the phone," said Huang Yin, director of educational affairs at the prison.
监狱教育科科长说:“对很多曾因感情问题而饱受折磨的母女来说，一个拥抱可以解决很多问题。”
“Some inmates said, ‘My mother didn’t come but I felt like my mother was also here. I wanted to hug my mother, too'” Huang said.
“有些犯人说，‘我母亲没有来，但我觉得我母亲也在这里。我也想拥抱我的妈妈。’”黄科长说道。
The Mother of an inmate surnamed Liu was one of the three invited to the prison in 2013.
Before they were reunited that day, Liu believed that her mother was keeping a distance between them, especially as she asked Liu to send letters to her grandparents’ house rather than the family home.
刘某的母亲是2013年被邀请到监狱参加“母爱进大墙”活动的三位母亲之一。刘说，在母亲参加活动来监狱与她见面之前，她一直认为她和母亲之间存在巨大的隔阂。因为她的母亲让她把信寄给她的祖父母，而不是直接寄给她。
The 33-year-old, who was convicted of fraud, believed her family was ashamed of her, and was not aware that her mother had been invited to visit the prison on the special day.
33岁的刘因诈骗入狱，她觉得自己是这个家庭的耻辱，她说她不知道在这个特殊的日子里，母亲被邀请到监狱来看望她。
“As I stood on the stage reading an essay I had written about the poor relationship between us, my mother walked onto the stage and hugged me. That broke the ice in our relationship." she said.
Liu said they didn’t talk much that day, but she began to share details of her life in prison with her mother in letters.
“当我在舞台上读到关于我和母亲的紧张关系的文章时，母亲走上台拥抱了我。拥抱推翻了我们之间的心墙。”她说。
刘说那天他们没怎么说话，但她开始愿意通过书信和母亲分享她在监狱里的生活。
“Some fellow inmates, who will be in prison for another one or two decades, repeatedly urged me to be nice to my parents when I leave jail." said Liu, who is scheduled to be released in about two years,"It feels like they think they will partly be able to realize their dreams of spending good times with their own parents through me."
“有些人在我出狱后还一再敦促我对父母好一点，因为他们还得在监狱里服刑十到二十年。这就好像他们可以通过我和我的父母度过一些美好的时光部分实现他们的梦想。”将在两年后刑满释放的刘说。
During the celebrations around International Women's Day, inmates who have won plaudits for good behavior have their dearest wish granted, such as wearing their own clothes to have a photo taken with their mother, or having dinner together with no one else around.
“For some inmates serving long sentences, a photo with their mother is especially meaningful. Some mothers are too old to wait for the day their daughters will be released from prison," Huang said.
The activities have inspired some prisoners to write letters of apology to their parents and their children.
"To many inmates, their child is their hope, something to hold onto and live for. Without that, some would abandon them- selves to despair." Huang said.
在母亲节这天，表现较好的服刑人员也可以实现一些其他的愿望——和母亲单独吃饭。
这些活动激发了许多服刑女犯给父母或孩子写道歉信，向家人忏悔，请求他们的原谅。
“对许多服刑女犯来说，孩子是他们生活的希望。否则，有些人会陷入绝望。”黄说。
Artistic approach
艺术矫治
In addition to mothers' visits, prisoners are encouraged to ad in plays and musicals, and devise dances based on the theme of maternal love.
The warders fed the performances will inspire the inmates to improve their relationships with their families and live positive lives.
除了邀请母亲来到监狱开展活动之外，监狱还开展以母爱为主题的音乐艺术矫治活动。
监狱民警认为音乐和舞蹈等形式可以更好地鼓励服刑人员积极参与活动，也有利于激励女性服刑人员主动修复家庭关系，并帮助其在出狱后过上积极的生活。
“Foreigners are usually more outgoing and are generally good at singing and dancing, so the foreign inmates really enjoy taking part." said Li Na,a warder who works in the section where many foreign prisoners are held.
In October, an original musical called The Sound of Love premiered at the prison in front of an audience of inmates and officials from the Shanghai Prison Administration and the Shanghai Women’s Federation.
The show was performed by inmates and warders, with the involvement of professional directors and composers.
外国人通常比较外向，一般都擅长唱歌和跳舞。所以外国籍服刑人员非常喜欢参加这种形式的母亲文化活动。
2016年10月，由民警和服刑人员共同表演的音乐剧《爱之声》在监狱首次上演。监狱邀请了专业的导演和作曲家为该剧进行构思创作。
Huang said the storyline is based on the inmates' own experiences: It focuses on a young woman who refuses to listen to her mother’s advice. She commits credit card fraud to pay off an overdraft and then misappropriates funds from her employer to repay the money. Eventually, she injures several people in a fight when she attempts to grab the evidence and conceal her crime. While serving a prison sentence, the protagonist decides to try to reconcile with her mother after realizing how much her mother loves her, and becomes determined to live a good life.
Huang said every inmate, irrespective of whether they were a performer or a member of the audience, could find a reflection of herself in the musical performance.
黄说，整部剧的故事情节都是根据服刑女犯的真实经历改编：一名年轻女子不听母亲的劝告，多次透支信用卡不及时归还，最终触犯法律，构成信用卡诈骗罪。她还挪用了她工作的公司的资金来偿还信用卡，并在试图销毁违法证据时与他人打架对他人造成了伤害。在意识到她的母亲是多么爱她之后，她最终决定在服刑期间与她的母亲和解，并决定金盆洗手，开始全新的生活。
“在这里的每一个服刑女犯，无论是演员还是观众，都能在音乐剧中找到自己。”她还说道。
Fresh emotions
情感升华
Mary, whose father abandoned the family when she was young, said the musical helped her to understand the depth of her mother’s love.
She said she used to hate her mother because she often worked away from home, and as the oldest of six children, Mary should share the burden of providing for her siblings.
“In the musical, I witnessed the mother's boundless love for her daughter. I gradually came to believe that my mother loves me in the same way, but maybe she never has expressed it in an open way to me.'' she said,“Now, I hope to have a dose relationship with my mother, and to be a good mother if I have a child someday.”
玛丽说，这部音乐剧戏帮助她进一步理解了母爱的伟大。
她说她以前很讨厌她的母亲，她母亲长期在外面工作。作为家里最大的孩子，她承担了抚养六个兄弟姐妹的大部分负担。她的父亲在她年轻的时候离开了他们。
“在音乐剧中，我感受到了母亲对女儿无私的爱。我渐渐开始相信我的母亲也同样爱我，也许她只是不懂如何对我表达她的爱。”她说：“我希望能和妈妈重新建立亲密的关系，如果有一天我有了孩子，我会做个好妈妈。”
I need to apologize to my son
我要对我儿子说句对不起
Song (not her real name) is serving a suspended death sentence for trafficing drugs.
The parenting classes I have attended in the past five years gave me food for thought about my role as a mother, and my relationship with my own mother.
I was 28 when I started my jail term, and my son was 4 years old. I didn’t think about too much about the duties of a mother before. I indulged myself in a life of peasure and comfort. I spent most of my time playing with my son. I didn’t think to plan for the future.
In the classes, we read books about intergenerational relations, and parenting experts were invited to give lectures on how to care for children of different ages. I gradually became aware that I was not responsible enough as a mother, and I’m thinking about how to make things up to my son.
He is studying at a university overseas and is headed for a prosperous future. My sentence has been reduced seven times, so I am supposed to leave prison in about 18 months.
I will tell my son how I made it through the hardest period of my life, and let him see how I have changed my personality. He will see that l am positive, cheerful and responsible. I will not be a shameful figure to my child for his whole life.
服刑人员宋某（化名）因贩卖和运输毒品被判处死刑，缓期执行。
“在过去的五年里，通过参加母亲文化活动，我开始反思自己作为母亲的角色和我与我母亲的关系。
我在这里开始服刑时只有28岁，我的儿子才4岁。之前，我并没有过多考虑自己作为母亲的责任。我沉溺于享乐和舒适的生活。我大部分时间都只顾和儿子一起玩，很少考虑将来的计划。
通过参加母亲文化活动，我们阅读了关于代际关系的书籍，参加监狱举办的家庭教育专题讲座。我逐渐意识到自己并未尽到一个母亲的责任，我缺乏足够的责任感，我正在考虑如何补偿我的孩子。
我儿子目前在国外的一所大学学习，他的前途一片光明。经过七次减刑后，我应该在一年半后离开监狱。
我会告诉他我是如何度过人生最艰难的时期的，让他看到我是如何重塑新生的。我将以一种正直、端庄的姿态出现在他面前，让他见证我是一个积极、开朗、负责任的母亲，我不会一辈子让我的孩子感到羞耻。”
English course helps prepare convicts for outside worid
英语职业技能教育为女犯铺就回归之路
In December, Shanghai Women's Prison completed its first semester of oral English classes. The course, which is intended to better prepare the inmates for life after prison, is expected to continue this year.
Initially, 20 inmates with no prior knowledge of English took part in the six-month course, and 16 completed the semester.
After the course, one inmate wrote a letter in English to the teacher and prison staff.
"Thank you for giving me the chance to learn to speak English. I am so happy because now I can see something good in my future life. I will study harder. I will never give up." she wrote.
Huang Yin. director of educational affairs at the prison, said, "It's hard to say how much these skills will help the inmates secure jobs after release, but the course has really helped to boost their self-confidence and prepare them for reintegration into society.
The course was designed by a team led by Li Tianqi, an English teacher at Shanghai Normal University.
"It was based on games activities, such as role-playing games where the inmates could simulate different situations in everyday life, so they could practice speaking English in an effective way." U said, adding that the prisoners' emotional needs were taken into consideration and they were given many opportunities for personal interaction and to collaborate as a team.
Some inmates said they initially found it hard to recognize the 26 letters of the English alphabet, but after the lessons, most could express their ideas in simple English.
"I can now talk a little with the foreign inmates in English, which makes me so happy." said a Chinese prisoner who is being held in a block alongside foreigners.
上海市女子监狱第一期服刑人员英语口语培训班于去年12月圆满结束，课程设置的目的是为了帮助女犯更好地适应出监后的职业生活。
有20名没有英语基础的服刑人员参加了为期六个月的学习班，其中16名服刑人员顺利结业。
课程结束后，一名服刑人员给英语老师和监狱民警写了一封感谢信：
感谢你们给了我学习英语的机会。我很高兴，因为现在的我能看到未来生活的希望。我将更加努力地学习，决不会对生活丧失信念。
监狱教育科科长黄说:“很难说这些技能在他们释放回归社会后能给他们带来多少就业机会，但这确实帮助他们增强了自信心，并让他们做好了重新融入社会的准备。”
该课程是由上海师范大学英语教师李天启带领的团队设计的。“课程是以游戏活动的形式开展的，如角色扮演游戏，服刑人员可以模拟日常生活中不同的情况学习英语,那恰恰是如何练习英语口语一个有效的方式。”李说,“在教学过程中会考虑他们的情感需求设计更多的人际交往和团队协作练习环节。”
一些服刑人员说，他们过去连英文字母表中的26个字母很难辨认出，但在课程结束后，大多数人都能用简单的英语表达自己的想法。
“我现在可以用简单的英语和外国籍服刑人员说上几句了，这让我很开心。”一名中国女犯说。
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