注：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU新官網-犬種百科
09.01.1999 / EN
FCI-國際純種犬標準第 212 號
SAMOYED（Samoiedskaïa Sabaka）
薩摩耶犬
本圖片不一定代表該犬種的理想例子
ORIGIN: Northern Russia and Siberia.
起源：俄羅斯北部和西伯利亞地區
Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 6/26/1959
FCI正式認可日期：1959年6月26日
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 22.07.1997.
正式生效標準發佈日期：1997年7月22日
UTILIZATION: Sledge- and companion dog.
用途：雪橇犬和伴侶犬
FCI-CLASSIFICATION:
Group 5 Spitz and primitive types.
Section 1 Nordic sledge dogs.
Without working trial.
FCI分組 ：
第5組 尖嘴犬及原始犬組
第1類：極地雪橇犬
無需工作測試
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:
The name Samoyed derives from the Samoyed Tribes in Northern Russia and Siberia. In Southern parts of the area they used white, black and brown particoloured dogs as reindeer herders ; in the northern parts the dogs were pure white, had a mild temperament and were used as huntingand sledge dogs. The Samoyed dogs lived close to their owners, they even slept within the shelters and were used as heaters. The British zoologist Ernest Kilburn Scott spent three months among Samoyed Tribes in 1889. Returning to England he brought with him a brown male puppy called « Sabarka ». Later he imported a cream coloured
bitch called « Whitey Petchora » from the western side of the Urals and a snow white male called « Musti » from Siberia. These few dogs and those brought by the explorers are the base for the western Samoyed. The first standard was written in England in 1909.
歷史沿革：
薩摩耶這個名字源於俄羅斯西伯利亞北部地區的薩摩耶部落。在該地區的南部，薩摩耶部族人利用白色，黑色，棕色以及雜色犬作為馴鹿犬；而在北部地區，薩摩耶人則用純白色的、性情溫順的犬狩獵，拉雪橇。薩摩耶犬和主人關係親密，它們甚至和主人睡在一起，互相取暖。英國動物學家歐內斯特•克里波恩•斯科特於1889年在薩摩耶部落渡過了三個月的時間。返回英國時，他帶回一條棕色的叫做“薩巴卡”的雄性幼犬。後來他又從烏拉爾山西邊引進一條叫“懷特 •伯朝拉”的乳白色的母犬，並從西伯利亞引進一條叫做“穆斯逖”的雪白公犬。這幾隻狗以及那些由探險家帶回的狗就是西方薩摩耶犬的根基。薩摩耶犬的第一個標準於1909年在英國編寫。
GENERAL APPEARANCE:
Medium in size, elegant, a white Arctic Spitz. In appearence gives the impression of power, endurance, charm, suppleness, dignity and self-confidence.
The expression, the so called « Samoyed Smile », is made up of a combination of eye shape and position, and the slightly curved up corners of the mouth. The sex should be clearly stamped.
整體外貌：
一種體型中等，優雅的白色北極尖嘴犬。外觀上看，給人以充滿力量，忍耐力強，富有魅力，順從，高貴及自信的印象。所謂的“薩摩耶式微笑”的表情，是由眼睛的形狀和位置以及略微上翹的嘴角結合而成的。性別標誌非常明顯。
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:
The length of the body is approximately 5% more than the height at the withers. The depth of the body is slightly less than the half of the height at the withers. The muzzle is approximately as long as the skull.
重要比例：身長約超過肩高5%。胸深略小於肩高的一半。口吻約與頭骨等長。
BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:
Friendly, open, alert and lively. The hunting instinct is very slight. Never shy nor aggressive. Very social and cannot be used as guard dog.
行為/秉性：
友好，外向，機警而活潑。狩獵本能較弱。既不害羞也不好鬥。社會性較強，不能用作護衛犬。
HEAD: 頭部
CRANIAL REGION: 顱部區域
HEAD：Powerful and wedge-shaped.
頭部：強有力，且呈楔形。
Skull: viewed from the front and in profile only slightly convex. Broadest between the ears. Slightly visible furrow between the eyes.
頭骨：從前面和側面觀察，輪廓只略微呈凸狀。兩耳間最寬。兩眼間有輕微可見的褶皺。
Stop: Clearly defined but not too prominent.
額段：明顯，但不很突出。
FACIAL REGION: 面部區域
Nose: Well developed, preferably black. During some periods of the year the pigment of the nose can fade to a so called « winter nose » ; there must however always be dark pigment at the edges of the nose.
鼻：發育良好，最好為黑色。在一年裡的某些時期，鼻子會褪色成所謂的“冬天的鼻子”；但不管怎樣，鼻子邊緣一定為黑色的色素沉澱。
Muzzle: Strong and deep, approximately as long as the skull, gradually tapering towards the nose, neither snipey nor heavy and square. The bridge of the nose is straight.
口吻：強健並且深，約與頭蓋骨等長，朝鼻子方向逐漸變細，既不狹長也不沉重，呈方形。鼻樑是直的。
Lips: Close fitting, black and rather full. The corners of the mouth are slightly curved forming the characteristic « Samoyed Smile ».
嘴唇：緊密貼合，黑色而且相當飽滿。嘴角略微彎曲，形成典型的“薩摩耶微笑”。
Jaws/Teeth: Regular and complete scissor bite. The teeth and the jaws are strong. Normal dentition.
頜/齒：整齊的、完全的剪狀咬合。牙齒和上下顎強健。標準的齒系。
Eyes: Dark brown in colour, well-set in the sockets, placed rather apart, somewhat slanting and almond-shaped. The expression is « smiling », kind, alert and intelligent. The eyerims are black.
眼睛：深棕色，在眼窩中位置恰當，分得很開，稍微傾斜，呈杏仁狀。表情是“微笑”的，友善，機警而且聰明。眼圈為黑色。
Ears: Erect, rather small, thick, triangular and slightly rounded at the tips. They should be mobile, set high ; due to the broad skull well apart.
耳朵：直立，很小，厚，呈三角形，頂端稍園。能移動，位置高; 由於其頭蓋骨寬闊而恰當地分開。
NECK:Strong and of medium length with a proud carriage.
頸部：強有力，長度中等，儀態驕傲。
BODY: 軀幹
BODY: Slightly longer than the height at the withers, deep and compact but supple.
軀幹：體長略大於肩高，深而緊湊但柔軟。
Withers : Clearly defined.
肩隆：清晰。
Back : Of medium length, muscular and straight ; in females slightly longer than in males.
背：中等長，肌肉發達且筆直;母犬的背略長於公犬。
Loin : Short, very strong and defined.
腰：短，很強壯，輪廓清晰。
Croup : Full, strong, muscular and slightly sloping.
臀：飽滿，強壯，肌肉發達，略微傾斜。
Chest: Broad, deep and long, reaching almost to the elbows. The ribs are well sprung.
胸：寬闊，深長，幾乎夠到肘部。肋骨擴張良好。
Underline : Moderate tuck-up.
腹線：適度向上收攏。
TAIL: Set rather high. When the dog is alert and in motion the tail is carried bent from the root forward over the back or side, but may be hanging at rest, then reaching to the hocks.
尾：位置稍高。警覺時以及運動時，尾巴從根部彎曲舉起至背部或背部側面，而休息時尾巴垂下，延伸到蹠骨。
LIMBS: 四肢
FOREQUARTERS: 前軀
General appearance : Well placed and muscular with strong bones. Viewed from the front straight and parallel.
整體外形：位置自然，肌肉發達，骨骼強壯。從前面看，直而且平行。
Shoulder : Long, firm and sloping.
肩：長，牢固，傾斜。
Upper arm : Oblique and close to the body. Approximately as long as the shoulder.
上臂：傾斜而接近身體。約與肩部一樣長。
Elbow : Close to the body.
肘：接近身體。
Carpus : Strong but supple.
腕骨：強健而柔軟。
Metacarpus (Pastern) : Slightly oblique.
掌骨（前腿系部）：略微稍斜。
Forefeet: Oval with long toes, flexible and pointing straight forward. Toes arched and not too tightly knit. Elastics pads.
前足：橢圓形，腳趾長，柔韌而且筆直向前。腳趾拱起，結合不太緊密。有彈性的腳墊。
LIMBS: 四肢
HINDQUARTERS: 後軀
General appearance : Viewed from behind straight and parallel with very strong muscles.
整體外觀：從後面看，後腿直且平行，有非常健壯的肌肉。
Upper thigh : Of medium length, rather broad and muscular.
大腿：中等長度，相當寬大，肌肉發達。
Stifle (Knee): Well angulated.
後膝關節: 後膝關節：角度自然。
Hocks : Rather low and well angulated.
附關節：很低，角度自然。
Metatarsus : Short, strong, vertical and parallel.
蹠骨：短，強壯，垂直且平行。
Hind feet: As front feet. The dewclaws should be removed.
後足：和前足一樣。應去除狼爪。
GAIT/MOVEMENT:
Powerful, free and tireless in appearance with long stride. Good reach in the forequarters and good driving power in the hindquarters.
步態/動態：
有力，即使長時間大步行走也顯得自由而不疲倦。前腿伸展好，後腿驅動有力。
COAT: 被毛
Hair: Profuse, thick, flexible and dense polar coat. The Samoyed is a double coated dog with short, soft and dense undercoat and longer, more harsh and straight outer coat. The coat should form a ruff around the neck and shoulders framing the head, especially in males. On head and on front of legs, hair is short and smooth ; on outside of ears short, standing off and smooth. Inside the ears should be well furred. On back of the thighs the hair forms trousers. There should be a protective growth of hair between the toes. The tail should be profusely covered with hair. The coat of the female is often shorter and softer in texture than that of the male. The correct coat texture should always have a special glistening sheen.
毛質：毛極其豐富，厚，柔韌，稠密的極地式背毛。薩摩耶犬有雙層被毛：底毛短，柔軟，又濃密;外層背毛較長，較粗糙且直。被毛會在頸項及肩部形成環狀領，以架構頭部，對公犬而言更明顯。在頭部和腿的前部，毛短而平滑;在耳朵外部，毛短，直立而平滑。在耳朵內部，飾毛佳。在大腿背部，毛形成褲子狀。腳趾之間應該長有起保護性質的毛。尾巴應被豐富的毛覆蓋。母犬的被毛質地往往比公犬的短些，柔軟些。正確的被毛質地總是有一種特殊的閃亮的光澤。
Colour: Pure white, cream or white with biscuit. (The basic colour to be white with a few biscuit markings.) Should never give the impression of being pale brown.
毛色: 純白色，乳白色或類似餅乾的白色。（基本色是帶有一些類似餅乾色條紋的白色）。決不能有淺棕色的印象。
SIZE: 尺寸
Height at withers : Ideal height : male 57 cm with a tolerance of ± 3 cm and females 53 cm with a tolerance of ± 3 cm.
理想高度：公犬57釐米（誤差為上下3釐米），母犬53釐米（誤差為上下3釐米）。
FAULTS: 缺陷
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
Visible faults in structure.
Light bone.
Males not masculine and females not feminine.
Pincer bite.
Yellow eyes.
Soft ears.
Barrel ribcage.
Double twisted tail.
Low on the legs.
Badly bow-legged or cow hocked.
Wavy or short coated throughout, long, soft or coat hanging down.
Aloofness.
任何與上述各點的背離均視為缺陷，其缺陷嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度及其對犬的健康和福利的影響成比例。
明顯的結構缺陷。
骨輕。
公犬缺乏雄性特徵，母犬缺乏雌性特徵。
鉗狀咬合。
黃眼睛。
-
耳朵軟。
桶狀的肋骨條。
尾巴纏繞兩圈。
腿低矮。
嚴重的弓形腿，或者牛肢。
背毛全部呈捲曲狀或背毛過短，過長，柔軟，或毛垂下。
性格冷漠
SERIOUS FAULTS: 嚴重缺陷
• Clearly unpigmented areas on eyerims or lips.
眼圈或唇緣有明顯的無著色區域。
ELIMINATING FAULTS: 失格缺陷
Aggressive or overly shy dogs.
Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
Eyes blue or of different colours.
Overshot or undershot bite.
Ears not erect.
Coat colour other than permitted in the standard.
有攻擊性或過度羞怯。
任何身體或行為上明顯失常的犬應視為失格。
藍眼睛或雙眼顏色不同。
上顎突出或下顎突出。
耳朵不直立。
不符合標準允許的被毛顏色。
N.B.：
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.
注：
公犬具備兩個明顯正常且完全置於陰囊的睪丸
只有身體機能以及臨床表現健康的，具備典型犬種結構的犬隻，才可用於繁殖。
▲ 犬隻各部位名稱（FCI標準通用）
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