刷過閱讀題的小夥伴們都知道，長難句少則兩三行，多則五六行，甚至會出現一整段只有一句話的情況。
長難句通常會出句子簡化題（細節題和推斷題也常涉及長難句）。長難句的難點就在於長，中文表達中很少會有如此冗長的句子，所以大家初見英文文章長難句會很不習慣。
簡單說，長難句就是ETS為了測試你的英語水平，確保你具備像native speaker那樣的閱讀能力，不影響你日後到國外讀書時閱讀外文資料。所以閱讀長難句必須是一項你必備的能力。
長難句是閱讀的基石，得長難句者得閱讀，得閱讀者，得託福！！
而在考試中，解決託福長難句最要緊的一個方法就是“精讀”，大家也清楚明白地知道閱讀文章精讀很重要，但是究竟怎麼個精讀方法呢？（以下為維夕原創內容，未經允許，不得轉載。）
下面來看幾個例子：
第一步：簡化句子：
【例1】
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．
咱們先來看看這個句子，第一眼看到最後其實我們可以發現這是in some ways引導的定語後置從句，按照剛剛說的，我們先來簡化一下這句話：
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures
分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface
分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans
分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space
接著往下分析，我們可以發現：
分句2修飾分句1結尾的短語 intense pressures，
分句1是分句3的原因狀語，
分句3是整個長句子的主句，
分句4是分句3的後置定語，修飾分句3的 a hostile environment to humans。
那麼整個句子的結構就是：原因狀語+主句+後置定語，也就是說，這是主句前後分別有狀語和定語的修飾成分，但是本句其實不是複合句。句子的核心意思是深海對於人類而言是一個充滿敵意的環境。
那麼簡化、分析完之後，咱們再將句子中的其它修飾成分還原回去，於是整句話的意思就是：
由於完全沒有光，而且承受著比在地球表面大數百倍的極大壓力，深海底部對人類而言是一個充滿敵意的環境，在某些方面就像外層空間一樣險惡和遙遠。
這樣去練習長難句，是不是感覺變簡單了很多呢？再舉幾個例子：
【例2】
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．
這是一個倒裝結構：Basic to any understanding…is…
第一步：簡化
分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War
分句2：is
分句3：the country's impressive population growth
第二步：分析
分句1，2，3共同構成倒裝句，正常的語序應該是3，2，1，
即：該句的正常語序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War．
第三步：還原
本句是一個簡單句，只不過使用了倒裝，謂語動詞是is.
整句話的意思就是：要理解二戰之後20年中的加拿大，就必須瞭解該國驚人的人口增長。
【例3】
As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore．
這是一個同位語從句：claims that…
第一步：簡化
分句1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health
分句2：claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore
第二步：分析
分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作為分句2主語的同位語從句嵌套在分句2中。
因此本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.那些觀點廣為人知，併成為一些民間說法的基礎 。
同位語從句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進健康
第三步：還原
整句話的意思就是：結果，那些認為只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進健康的觀點廣為人知，併成為一些民間說法的基礎。
【例4】
But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth．
這是一個Of結構作定語：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs…
第一步：簡化
分句1：But these factors do not account for the interesting question
分句2：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth
第二步：分析
分句1嵌套分句2；
分句2是Of結構作後置定語修飾說明question的內容。
第三步：還原
整句話的意思就是：但這些因素並不能解釋這個有趣的問題：為何在一個特定的地點會如此集中地出現即將臨產的懷孕魚龍群。
【例5】
A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid ， singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．
這是一個介詞結構from…to…作定語的句子
第一步：簡化
分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century
分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it
分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality
分句4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound
分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance
第二步：分析
本句的真正的主句結構其實是由分句1和分句4構成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects，
分句2和分句3並列修飾說明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，
而分句5和分句6並列，修飾說明了分句4 中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
第三步：還原
整句話的意思就是：持續到19世紀的一系列機械上的改進，包括引入踏板以維持音調或使其柔和，改善金屬框架，以及使用最佳性能的鋼絲，最終產生了一種具備無數音調效果的樂器——這些效果涵蓋了從最精緻的和聲到幾乎 全部的管絃樂音響，從明快流暢的吟唱音調到尖銳的打擊樂器的恢弘氣氛。
只要嚴格按照這三個步驟分析，長難句真的不難，分析得好的話分分鐘變成短易句，希望大家都可以多多練習，學會把句子讀短、讀懂，然後再把句子讀長，這樣就能妥妥拿下長難句了。
搞定了長難句才能搞定閱讀，搞定了閱讀，就可以有更多的時間搞口語和寫作，託福110+真的不是什麼難事，只要你想，都是觸手可及的！！
最後留幾道題，大家可以嘗試用這種方法，看看自己都掌握了沒喔~
1.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces．
2.Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity ， the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being.
3.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species．
http://4.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction．
http://5.In the railroads' prime years，between 1890 and 1920，there were a few individuals in the United States ， most of them with solid railroading experience behind them ， who made a profession of writing about railroading--works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive cabs．
像這樣的真題還有很多，都是考場上比較常見和經典的題型，咱們對120句長難句做出了詳細解析，這是託福備考搞定長難句的必備資料（你懂的~）
