确保句子写对、结构完整是写作中最基本的要求。所以，要想完成写作这栋高楼大厦，就一定先要把地基打好，即掌握好基本句式。否则再漂亮洋气的作文也只能是空谈。英语语言中，最基本的句型只有五种，其它各种复杂的从句、句式也都是从它们演变而来。
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5种基本句型复习
一.主语+谓语(不及物动词)
此句型中，主语只需要一个实意动词就可以表达出完整的动作和意思。这类动词为不及物动词，后面可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等结构。
1.The 13th National Games will take place in Tianjin at the end of August. (2017天津高考书面表达)
2.As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased from 2012 to 2015. (2017年江苏高考书面表达)
3.Therefore, this new kind of shoes has come into being recently. (2014湖南高考书面表达)
二.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
该句型的动词为实意动词，是由主语发出的动作，但是不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，才能表达完整的意思。有时可以由不及物动词加介词构成及物动词完成。宾语即为动作的承受者，可以有名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当。
1.New members will receive extra guidance on Sunday mornings from 3:30 p.m. to 11:00 a.m... (2017全国卷书面表达)
2.We debated over what to put into the video. (2017北京高考书面表达)
3.Hopelessness and guilt quickly flooded her mind. (2016浙江高考书面表达)
4.It offered teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. (2015北京高考书面表达)
三.主语+系动词+表语
该句型主要是说明主语的身份、状态、特征，谓语动词是系统词，后面接的表语可以为形容词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等。
1.We may feel at ease in our school uniforms every day. (2019年浙江高考书面表达)
2.The situation may not be that bad.(2016年浙江高考书面表达)
3.It’s great to hear from you! I feel proud of knowing your interest in Chinese history. (2016北京高考书面表达)
4.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.(2015全国卷书面表达)
四.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
此句型中的谓语动词需要跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。间接宾语通常是人，直接宾语通常是物。间接宾语可以放在直接宾语的前面；直接宾语也可以借助to或for等介词放在间接宾语前面。
1.I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture. (2018北京高考书面表达)
2.The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outing for us these days. (2017浙江高考书面表达)
3.I wish you success in your application. (2017年全国卷书面表达)
4.First, he showed us basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. (2015北京高考书面表达)
五.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
该句型虽然用了及物动词加宾语，但是还是不能表达完整的意思，需要加一个补充成分来说明宾语的情况，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、不定式、分词等。
1.Therefore, I would like you to join our school’s table tennis team. (2017全国三卷书面表达)
2.I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty. (2017全国一卷书面表达)
3.As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.
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提升训练
一．根据要求完成句子。
1.在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。（主系表）
In my opinion, ______________________________________________.
2.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。（主谓宾）
We haven’t decided __________________________________________.
3.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。（主谓宾宾补）
Every morning, we ___________________________________________.
4.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个很有趣的故事。（主谓间宾直宾）
My granny ________________________________________ last night.
5.早睡早起是一个好习惯。（主系表）
_____________________________________________ is a good habit.
6.中国传统服装会让这个场合对英国客人来说非常中国化和有魅力（主谓宾宾补）
The traditional Chinese clothes will ___________________to the British guests.
7.最近10年，我的家乡发生巨大变化。（主谓）
________________in my hometown in the past decade.
8.这些照片使我想起了我的童年。（主谓宾宾补）
These pictures ___________________________________ my childhood.
9.唐诗是我们下堂课要学的，预计六月二十号在学校图书馆。（主系表）
_______________________, scheduled on July 20 in the school library.
10.我现在正在申请一家外资公司的兼职工作。（主谓宾）
_________________in an overseas-funded corporation.
11.现在，我代表我的同学们，祝你安全返回。（主谓间宾直宾）
___________________________________________________________
12.你的投稿肯定会使这次活动取得巨大成功。（主谓宾宾补）
___________________________________________________________
13.我们学校的乒乓球队现在正在招收新队员。（主谓宾）
___________________________________________________________
14.这个展览的主题是环保。（主系表）
___________________________________________________________
15.车突然在他面前停下来了。（主谓）
____________________________________________________________
【答案】
1.a person without friends can never be happy
2.when to discuss the program again
3.hear him read English
4.told me a very amusing story
5.Going to bed early and rising early
6.make the occasion very Chinese and inviting
7.Great changes have taken place
8.made me think of
9.Tang Poetry is what we are going to learn next class
10.I am applying for a part-time job
11.Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.
12.Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
13.The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is recruiting/looking for new players now.
14.The theme of the show is environmental protection.
15.The car abruptly stopped in front of him.
二．翻译下列句子，并写出所属的基本句式。
1.我是一名美国学生，名叫汤姆。
______________________________________________________________
2.上周我和家人去了北京，参观了许多名胜古迹。
______________________________________________________________
3.在参观期间，我在北京大饭店（Beijing Grand Hotel）住了五天。
______________________________________________________________
4.这个旅馆给我们提供了很好的服务。
______________________________________________________________
5.他们总是将房间保持得很整洁。
_______________________________________________________________
6.外国游客住在那里很方便。
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】
1．I am an American student, Jim. （主系表）
2．Last week I went to Beijing and visited many places of interest with my family. （主谓宾）
3．During my visit, I stayed at the Beijing Grand Hotel for five days. （主谓）
4．The hotel offered us good service. （主谓宾间宾直宾）
5．They always keep the rooms clean and tidy. （主谓宾宾补）
6．It is very convenient for foreign visitors to stay here. （主系表）
三．将上题的1到6句合并成一篇短文，可以适当增加细节。
【答案】
I am an American student whose name is Jim. Last week I went to Beijing and visited many places of interest with my family. During my visit, I stayed at the Beijing Grand Hotel for five days, which offered us good service. And they always keep the rooms clean and tidy. It is very convenient for foreign visitors to stay here, with everything there labeled in both English and Chinese. I was deeply touched by that.
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常用谚语翻译
1）教育学习类：
1.知识就是力量。
_______________________________________________________________
2.玉不琢不成器。
_______________________________________________________________
3.学无坦途。
_______________________________________________________________
4.天才不过是勤奋而已。
_______________________________________________________________
5.问得多，学得多。
_______________________________________________________________
6.温故而知新。
_______________________________________________________________
7.活到老学到老。
_______________________________________________________________
8.一知半解是危险的事。
_______________________________________________________________
2）工作与生活类
1.只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
_______________________________________________________________
2.良药苦口利于病。
_______________________________________________________________
3.人生并非康庄大道。
_______________________________________________________________
4.入乡随俗。
_______________________________________________________________
5.量体裁衣；量入为出。
_______________________________________________________________
6.五十步笑百步。
_______________________________________________________________
7.谎言站不住。
_______________________________________________________________
8.做人诚信为本。
_______________________________________________________________
3）友情类
1.患难之交真朋友。
_______________________________________________________________
2.老朋友是最好的镜子。
_______________________________________________________________
3.世上没有十全十美的朋友。
_______________________________________________________________
4.朋友易失不易得。
_______________________________________________________________
5.滥交朋友者无朋友。
_______________________________________________________________
6.益友难得。
_______________________________________________________________
4）理想与现实类
1.世上无难事，只怕有心人。
_______________________________________________________________
2.下决心成功的人已成功了一半。
_______________________________________________________________
3.伟大的理想造就伟大的人物。
_______________________________________________________________
4.除非亲自尝试，否则你永远不知道你能够做什么
_______________________________________________________________
5.人生应该树立目标，否则你的精力会白白浪费。
_______________________________________________________________
6.有志者事竟成。
_______________________________________________________________
7.不劳则无获。
_______________________________________________________________
5）毅力与人生类
1.吃一堑长一智。
_______________________________________________________________
2.逆境出人才。
_______________________________________________________________
3.千里之行始于足下
_______________________________________________________________
4.凡事不可半途而废。
_______________________________________________________________
5.逆水行舟，不进则退。
_______________________________________________________________
6.否极泰来。
_______________________________________________________________
7.欲速则不达。
_______________________________________________________________
8.条条大道通罗马。
_______________________________________________________________
9.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。
_______________________________________________________________
10.滴水石穿。
_______________________________________________________________
6）成功类
1.良好的开端是成功的一半。
_______________________________________________________________
2．失败乃成功之母。
_______________________________________________________________
3.万事开头难。
_______________________________________________________________
7）时间类
1.岁月不饶人。
_______________________________________________________________
2.时光一去不复返。
_______________________________________________________________
3.一寸光阴一寸金。
_______________________________________________________________
8）关于合作的谚语
1.独木不成林。
_______________________________________________________________
2.同甘共苦。
_______________________________________________________________
3.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。
_______________________________________________________________
4.人心齐，泰山移。
_______________________________________________________________
9）帮助类
1.我为人人，人人为我。
_______________________________________________________________
2.爱是退工世界前进的力量。
_______________________________________________________________
3.使他人幸福的人才会真正幸福。
_______________________________________________________________
10）健康类
1.生命在于运动。
_______________________________________________________________
2.健康是最大的财富。
_______________________________________________________________
3.一天一个苹果，不要求医问药。
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】
1）1.Knowledge is power.
2.Unpolished pearls never shine.
3.There is no royal road to learning.
4.Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
5.He who inquires much learns much.
6.Look for the old so as to learn the new.
7.One is never too old to learn.
8.A little learning is dangerous.
2）1.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
2.Good medicine for health tastes bitter to the mouth.
3.Life is not all roses.
4.Do in Rome as Romans do.
5.Cut your coat according to your cloth.
6.The pot calls the kettle black.
7.Lies have short legs.
8.Honesty is the best policy.
3）1.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
2.The best mirror is an old friend.
3.A friend without faults will never be found.
4.A friend is easier lost than found.
5.A friend to all is a friend to none.
6.A faithful friend is hard to find.
4）1.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
2.He who wills success is half way to it.
3.Great hopes make great man.
4.You never know what you can do till you try.
5.Have an aim in life,or your energies will all be wasted.
6.Where there is a will there is a way.
7.No pains,no gains.
5）1.A fall into a pit,a gain in your wit.
2.Adversity makes a man wise,not rich.
3.Little by little one goes far.
4.Do nothing by halves.
5.He who does not advance loses ground.
6.Things at the worst will mend.
7.More haste,less speed.
8.All roads lead to Rome.
9.He laughs best who laughs last.
10.Constant dripping wears away a stone.
6）1.A good beginning is half done.
2.Failure is the mother of success.
3.Every beginning is difficult.
7）1.Time and tide wait for no man.
2.Lost time is never found again.
3.As every thread of gold is valuable,so is every moment of time.
8）1.One tree can’t make a forest.
2.For better for worse.
3.Two heads are better than one.
4.Both together do best of all.
9）1.All for one and one for all.
2.It is love that makes the world go around.
3.He is truly happy who makes others happy.
10）1.life lies in the movement.
2.Good health is over wealth.
3.An apple a day keeps a doctor away.
